基于超效率DEA模型的西南地区上市药企研发贡献度研究
|
摘要
目的:为医药企业提高研发能力、改善研发投入策略提供参考。方法:收集我国西南地区13家上市医药企业的年报数据,以固定资产、营业成本、在职员工数量、研发投入金额为投入指标,以净利润、营业收入、每股收益为产出指标,采用超效率数据包络分析(DEA)模型,运用MyDEA1.0软件计算运营效率值,对比各企业在有、无研发投入两种情况下的企业运营效率和研发投入对企业的贡献度,并采用SPSS 20.0软件进行Wilcoxon符号秩检验比较两者差异。结果:2013-2015年,13家上市医药企业中有10家企业加大了研发投入,表明西南地区上市医药企业对研发投入越发重视。连续3年13家上市医药企业中有研发投入企业的效率值明显高于无研发投入企业,且前者达到DEA有效的数量较多,表明研发投入与医药企业运营效率呈正相关;经Wilcoxon符号秩检验也证实研发投入是有效投入。有3家企业加入研发投入指标后运营效率得到改善,研发贡献度较大;有5家企业研发贡献度为零,无论是否加入研发投入其效率值均不变;其余各上市医药企业各年研发贡献度差异较大。结论:建议在行业总体层面,企业应在加大研发投入力度的同时注意提升研发效率,建立完善的研发创新体系和研发人才培养机制,建立"产、学、研"一体化的培养方式;政府也应创造环境支持医药企业的研发活动。而在企业个体层面,不同的企业应该根据自身实际采用不同的策略,以提高研发投入对企业运营效率的拉动作用。
OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for pharmaceutical enterprises to enhance the R&D capability and improve the R&D investment strategy. METHODS:The annual report data of 13 listed pharmaceutical enterprises in southwest China were collcted. Taking fixed assets,operating costs,the number of employees in service and the amount of R&D investment as input indicators,net profit,operating income and earnings per share as output indicators,the efficiency values were calculated by using MyDEA 1.0 software based on super-efficiency DEA model. The operating efficiency of enterprises with or without R&D input were compared;the contribution rate of R&D investment to enterprises were calculated. Finally,Wilcoxon symbolic rank test was carried out by using SPSS 20.0 software to compare the difference. RESULTS: From 2013 to 2015, 10 of the 13 listed pharmaceutical enterprises had increased their R&D investment,which indicated that listed pharmaceutical enterprises in southwest China paid more attention to R&D investment. For three consecutive years,the efficiency value of R&D investment of the 13 listed pharmaceutical enterprises was significantly higher than that of the enterprises without R&D investment,and the number of the former reaching DEA efficiency was more,indicating that R&D investment was positively correlated with the operational efficiency of pharmaceutical enterprises. The Wilcoxon symbol rank test also confirmed that R&D investment was an effect input. After three enterprises joined the R&D input index,their operational efficiency was improved,and their R&D contribution was greater. Five enterprises had zero R&D contribution,their efficiency value remained unchanged whether or not they joined R&D input. The R&D contribution of other listed pharmaceutical enterprises varied greatly in each year. CONCLUSIONS:At the overall level of the industry,enterprises should increase their R&D investment and pay attention to improving R&D efficiency,establish a sound R&D innovation system and R&D personnel training mechanism,establish an integrated training mode of production,learning and research;the government should create an environment to support R&D activities of pharmaceutical enterprises. For individual enterprises,different strategies should be adopted based on practical situation in order to improve the pulling effect of R&D input on the operational efficiency of enterprises.
OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for pharmaceutical enterprises to enhance the R&D capability and improve the R&D investment strategy. METHODS:The annual report data of 13 listed pharmaceutical enterprises in southwest China were collcted. Taking fixed assets,operating costs,the number of employees in service and the amount of R&D investment as input indicators,net profit,operating income and earnings per share as output indicators,the efficiency values were calculated by using MyDEA 1.0 software based on super-efficiency DEA model. The operating efficiency of enterprises with or without R&D input were compared;the contribution rate of R&D investment to enterprises were calculated. Finally,Wilcoxon symbolic rank test was carried out by using SPSS 20.0 software to compare the difference. RESULTS: From 2013 to 2015, 10 of the 13 listed pharmaceutical enterprises had increased their R&D investment,which indicated that listed pharmaceutical enterprises in southwest China paid more attention to R&D investment. For three consecutive years,the efficiency value of R&D investment of the 13 listed pharmaceutical enterprises was significantly higher than that of the enterprises without R&D investment,and the number of the former reaching DEA efficiency was more,indicating that R&D investment was positively correlated with the operational efficiency of pharmaceutical enterprises. The Wilcoxon symbol rank test also confirmed that R&D investment was an effect input. After three enterprises joined the R&D input index,their operational efficiency was improved,and their R&D contribution was greater. Five enterprises had zero R&D contribution,their efficiency value remained unchanged whether or not they joined R&D input. The R&D contribution of other listed pharmaceutical enterprises varied greatly in each year. CONCLUSIONS:At the overall level of the industry,enterprises should increase their R&D investment and pay attention to improving R&D efficiency,establish a sound R&D innovation system and R&D personnel training mechanism,establish an integrated training mode of production,learning and research;the government should create an environment to support R&D activities of pharmaceutical enterprises. For individual enterprises,different strategies should be adopted based on practical situation in order to improve the pulling effect of R&D input on the operational efficiency of enterprises.
引文
[1]国家统计局.2017年全国科技经费投入统计公报[EB/OL].(2018-10-09)[2019-01-22].http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/tjgb/rdpcgb/qgkjjftrtjgb/201810/t20181012_1627451.html.
[2]徐秋雨,何苗,蔡琳敏.创新药能力不足仿制药大而不强中国医药该怎么和世界比?[EB/OL].(2018-05-04)[2019-01-22].https://www.jiemian.com/article/2110060.html.
[3]王琪.基于超效率DEA方法下的中部重点城市创新效率评价[J].价值工程,2019(1):20-22.
[4]吴文江.用超效率综合DEA模型来研究DEA有效性[J].数学的实践与认识,2012,42(4):158-165.
[5]江雯雯,王东宇,陈玉文.我国医药制造业出口贸易活动与研发资金投入关系研究:基于VAR模型[J].科技管理研究,2018,43(5):97-104.
[6]陈素琴.研发投入与企业财务绩效的相关性[J].开发研究,2018(3):144-152.
[7]吴丹丹,席晓宇,徐怀伏.研发投入的滞后效应研究:基于医药制造业的分析[J].中国卫生事业管理,2018(11):830-861.
[2]徐秋雨,何苗,蔡琳敏.创新药能力不足仿制药大而不强中国医药该怎么和世界比?[EB/OL].(2018-05-04)[2019-01-22].https://www.jiemian.com/article/2110060.html.
[3]王琪.基于超效率DEA方法下的中部重点城市创新效率评价[J].价值工程,2019(1):20-22.
[4]吴文江.用超效率综合DEA模型来研究DEA有效性[J].数学的实践与认识,2012,42(4):158-165.
[5]江雯雯,王东宇,陈玉文.我国医药制造业出口贸易活动与研发资金投入关系研究:基于VAR模型[J].科技管理研究,2018,43(5):97-104.
[6]陈素琴.研发投入与企业财务绩效的相关性[J].开发研究,2018(3):144-152.
[7]吴丹丹,席晓宇,徐怀伏.研发投入的滞后效应研究:基于医药制造业的分析[J].中国卫生事业管理,2018(11):830-861.