发达成员在世界贸易组织改革中的议程设置分析
摘要
当前,世界贸易组织的争端解决、谈判和监督功能面临前所未有的挑战,世界贸易组织走向改革的十字路口。在世界贸易组织改革的议程设置过程中,基于实力结构、利益分配和制度竞争等因素的考虑,美国、欧盟和加拿大等发达成员均提出了各自的改革方案和推进策略,将改革议程逐渐聚焦于争端解决机制、发展中国家特殊与差别待遇以及非市场导向政策和行为等主要议题。但是,世界贸易组织改革中的议程设置仍充满不确定性。作为多边贸易体制的重要利益攸关方,中国要加强与各方对话磋商,并在坚持以发展为导向、以多边贸易自由化为目标和以非歧视为核心原则的基础上推动世界贸易组织改革取得进展。
引文
(1)European Commission,“WTO-EU's Proposals on WTOModernization”,July 5,2018,see from http://trade.ec.europa.eu/doclib/docs/2018/november/tradoc_157514.pdf.
(1)See Government of Canada,“Strengthening and Modernizing the WTO:Discussion Paper Communication from Canada”,October19,2018,see from https://international.gc.ca/gac-amc/campaign-campagne/wto-omc/discussion_paper-document_travail.aspx?lang=eng.
(2)European Commission,“WTO-EU's Proposals on WTOModernization”,July 5,2018,see from http://trade.ec.europa.eu/doclib/docs/2018/november/tradoc_157514.pdf.
(3)Bertelsmann Stiftung,“Revitalizing Multilateral Governance at the World Trade Organization”,2018,p.37,see from https://www.wto.org/english/news_e/news18_e/bertelsmann_rpt_e.pdf.
(4)Steven G.Livingston,“The Politics of International AgendaSetting:Reagan and North-South Relations”,in International Studies Quarterly,Vol.36,No.3,1992,pp.313-329.
(1)World Trade Organization,“World Trade Statistical Review2018”,see from https://www.wto.org/english/res_e/statis_e/wts2018_e/wts2018_e.pdf.
(2)Robert O.Keohane and Joseph S.Nye,Power and Interdependence:World Politics in Transition,Boston:Little,Brown and Company,1977,pp.23-33.
(3)Steven G.Livingston,“The Politics of International AgendaSetting:Reagan and North-South Relations”,in International Studies Quarterly,Vol.36,No.3,1992,pp.314-322.
(1)See“WTO Ministerial:In Landmark Move,Country Coalitions Set Plans to Advance on New Issues”,in Bridges Special Update,No.5,December 13,2017,see from https://www.ictsd.org/bridges-news/bridges/news/wto-ministerial-in-landmarkmove-country-coalitions-set-plans-to-advance.
(2)Matthew P.Goodman,“Picking a Lane”,in CSIS Global Economics Monthly,Vol.7,No.10,2018,see from https://csis-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/publication/181025_SimonChairNews.pdf.
(3)United States Trade Representative(USTR),“Opening Plenary Statement of USTR Robert Lighthizer at the WTO Ministerial Conference”,December 2017,see from https://ustr.gov/about-us/policy-offices/press-office/press-releases/2017/december/opening-plenary-statement-ustr.
(1)United States Trade Representative(USTR),“Opening Plenary Statement of USTR Robert Lighthizer at the WTO Ministerial Conference”,December 2017,see from https://ustr.gov/about-us/policy-offices/press-office/press-releases/2017/december/opening-plenary-statement-ustr..
(2)Dennis Shea and William Alan Reinsch,“The WTO:Looking Forward”,October 12,2018,see from https://www.csis.org/events/wto-looking-forward.
(3)USTR,“2018 Trade Policy Agenda and 2017 Annual Report of the President of the United States on the Trade Agreements Program”,see from https://ustr.gov/about-us/policy-offices/press-office/reports-and-publications/2018/2018-tradepolicy-agenda-and-2017.
(1)Government of Canada,“Strengthening and Modernizing the WTO:Discussion Paper Communication from Canada”,October19,2018,see from https://international.gc.ca/gac-amc/campaign-campagne/wto-omc/discussion_paper-document_travail.aspx?lang=eng.
(1)USTR,“2018 Trade Policy Agenda and 2017 Annual Report of the President of the United States on the Trade Agreements Program”,see from https://ustr.gov/about-us/policy-offices/press-office/reports-and-publications/2018/2018-tradepolicy-agenda-and-2017.
(2)European Commission,“WTO-EU's Proposals on WTOModernization”,July 5,2018,see from http://trade.ec.europa.eu/doclib/docs/2018/november/tradoc_157514.pdf.
(1)Pascal Lamy,“Together,We Have Strengthened the WTO as the Global Trade Body”,2013,see from https://www.wto.org/english/news_e/news13_e/gc_rpt_24jul13_e.htm.
(1)See Government of Canada,“Strengthening and Modernizing the WTO:Discussion Paper Communication from Canada”,October19,2018,see from https://international.gc.ca/gac-amc/campaign-campagne/wto-omc/discussion_paper-document_travail.aspx?lang=eng.
(2)European Commission,“WTO-EU's Proposals on WTOModernization”,July 5,2018,see from http://trade.ec.europa.eu/doclib/docs/2018/november/tradoc_157514.pdf.
(3)Bertelsmann Stiftung,“Revitalizing Multilateral Governance at the World Trade Organization”,2018,p.37,see from https://www.wto.org/english/news_e/news18_e/bertelsmann_rpt_e.pdf.
(4)Steven G.Livingston,“The Politics of International AgendaSetting:Reagan and North-South Relations”,in International Studies Quarterly,Vol.36,No.3,1992,pp.313-329.
(1)World Trade Organization,“World Trade Statistical Review2018”,see from https://www.wto.org/english/res_e/statis_e/wts2018_e/wts2018_e.pdf.
(2)Robert O.Keohane and Joseph S.Nye,Power and Interdependence:World Politics in Transition,Boston:Little,Brown and Company,1977,pp.23-33.
(3)Steven G.Livingston,“The Politics of International AgendaSetting:Reagan and North-South Relations”,in International Studies Quarterly,Vol.36,No.3,1992,pp.314-322.
(1)See“WTO Ministerial:In Landmark Move,Country Coalitions Set Plans to Advance on New Issues”,in Bridges Special Update,No.5,December 13,2017,see from https://www.ictsd.org/bridges-news/bridges/news/wto-ministerial-in-landmarkmove-country-coalitions-set-plans-to-advance.
(2)Matthew P.Goodman,“Picking a Lane”,in CSIS Global Economics Monthly,Vol.7,No.10,2018,see from https://csis-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/publication/181025_SimonChairNews.pdf.
(3)United States Trade Representative(USTR),“Opening Plenary Statement of USTR Robert Lighthizer at the WTO Ministerial Conference”,December 2017,see from https://ustr.gov/about-us/policy-offices/press-office/press-releases/2017/december/opening-plenary-statement-ustr.
(1)United States Trade Representative(USTR),“Opening Plenary Statement of USTR Robert Lighthizer at the WTO Ministerial Conference”,December 2017,see from https://ustr.gov/about-us/policy-offices/press-office/press-releases/2017/december/opening-plenary-statement-ustr..
(2)Dennis Shea and William Alan Reinsch,“The WTO:Looking Forward”,October 12,2018,see from https://www.csis.org/events/wto-looking-forward.
(3)USTR,“2018 Trade Policy Agenda and 2017 Annual Report of the President of the United States on the Trade Agreements Program”,see from https://ustr.gov/about-us/policy-offices/press-office/reports-and-publications/2018/2018-tradepolicy-agenda-and-2017.
(1)Government of Canada,“Strengthening and Modernizing the WTO:Discussion Paper Communication from Canada”,October19,2018,see from https://international.gc.ca/gac-amc/campaign-campagne/wto-omc/discussion_paper-document_travail.aspx?lang=eng.
(1)USTR,“2018 Trade Policy Agenda and 2017 Annual Report of the President of the United States on the Trade Agreements Program”,see from https://ustr.gov/about-us/policy-offices/press-office/reports-and-publications/2018/2018-tradepolicy-agenda-and-2017.
(2)European Commission,“WTO-EU's Proposals on WTOModernization”,July 5,2018,see from http://trade.ec.europa.eu/doclib/docs/2018/november/tradoc_157514.pdf.
(1)Pascal Lamy,“Together,We Have Strengthened the WTO as the Global Trade Body”,2013,see from https://www.wto.org/english/news_e/news13_e/gc_rpt_24jul13_e.htm.