考虑结构热变形的机床进给系统热误差研究
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摘要
为系统研究精密机床进给系统热误差的形成机理及其影响因素,提出了一种考虑结构热变形的进给系统热误差建模方法。在考虑进给系统内生热源及冷却系统对丝杠螺母副的温升和丝杠热变形作用机制的前提下,同时考虑了进给系统内生热源对精密机床结构大件(床身、立柱、溜板)热态特性的影响规律。通过分析结构热变形引起的进给系统电机座和轴承座相对位置的变化,建立了综合考虑结构大件和丝杠热变形的进给系统热误差模型。以JIG630精密卧式加工中心为例,进行了考虑结构热变形和不考虑结构热变形的进给系统热误差建模与仿真分析,并开展了相应的测试验证实验。结果表明考虑结构热变形的进给系统热误差模型仿真值与实验结果具有更高的一致性。该建模方法对精密机床进给系统热平衡设计、热误差的控制与补偿具有重要参考意义。
To systematically study mechanism and factors affecting the thermal error of feed system of precision machine tools,a modeling method for the thermal error of the feed system considering the structural thermal deformation is proposed.Besides analyzing the temperature changing and thermal deformation of screw caused by inner heat resources in feed system and cooling system,the influence of inner heat source in feed system on the thermal characteristics of large structural components(bed,pillar,slide)of precision machine tool was also considered.The relative position changing between motor-box and bear-box of the feed system caused by the structural thermal deformation was analyzed,and a thermal error model of feed system considering the thermal deformation of large parts and screw was established.Thermal errors of the feed system of JIG630 precision horizontal machining center were simulated and modeled with and without considering the structural thermal deformation,and the corresponding verification experiments were carried out.The results illustrated that the thermal error model of the feed system considering the structural thermal deformation was more consistent with the experimental results.This modeling method is of great importance for thermal balance design,thermal error control and compensation of feed system of precision machine tools.
To systematically study mechanism and factors affecting the thermal error of feed system of precision machine tools,a modeling method for the thermal error of the feed system considering the structural thermal deformation is proposed.Besides analyzing the temperature changing and thermal deformation of screw caused by inner heat resources in feed system and cooling system,the influence of inner heat source in feed system on the thermal characteristics of large structural components(bed,pillar,slide)of precision machine tool was also considered.The relative position changing between motor-box and bear-box of the feed system caused by the structural thermal deformation was analyzed,and a thermal error model of feed system considering the thermal deformation of large parts and screw was established.Thermal errors of the feed system of JIG630 precision horizontal machining center were simulated and modeled with and without considering the structural thermal deformation,and the corresponding verification experiments were carried out.The results illustrated that the thermal error model of the feed system considering the structural thermal deformation was more consistent with the experimental results.This modeling method is of great importance for thermal balance design,thermal error control and compensation of feed system of precision machine tools.
引文
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[19]胡俊峰,郝亚洲,徐贵阳,等.考虑温度效应的微操作平台的建模与性能分析[J].工程设计学报,2015,22(2):143-149.HU Jun-feng,HAO Ya-zhou,XU Gui-yang,et al.Modeling and performance analysis of a micromanipulation stage considering temperature effects[J].Chinese Journal of Engineering Design,2015,22(2):143-149.
[2]MIN X,JIANG S.A thermal model of a ball screw feed drive system for a machine tool[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science,2011,225(1):186-193.
[3]WU C H,KUNG Y T.Thermal analysis for the feed drive system of a CNC machine center[J].International Journal of Machine Tools&Manufacture,2003,43(15):1521-1528.
[4]WANG S,YANG Y,LI X,et al.Research on thermal deformation of large-scale computer numerical control gear hobbing machines[J].Journal of Mechanical Science&Technology,2013,27(5):1393-1405.
[5]SUN L,REN M,HONG H,et al.Thermal error reduction based on thermodynamics structure optimization method for an ultra-precision machine tool[J].International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology,2017,88(5/8):1267-1277.
[6]杨军,施虎,梅雪松,等.双驱伺服进给系统热误差的试验测量与预测模型构建[J].西安交通大学学报,2013,47(11):53-59.YANG Jun,SHI Hu,MEI Xue-song,et al.Measurement and modeling of thermal errors in dual-drive servo feed system[J].Journal of Xi’an Jiaotong University,2013,47(11):53-59.
[7]夏军勇,胡友民,吴波,等.热弹性效应分析与机床进给系统热动态特性建模[J].机械工程学报,2010,46(15):191-198.XIA Jun-yong,HU You-min,WU Bo,et al.Analysis on thermoelastic domino effect and modeling on thermal dynamic characteristic of machine tools feed system[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2010,46(15):191-198.
[8]JIN C,WU B,HU Y,et al.Thermal characteristics of a CNC feed system under varying operating conditions[J].Precision Engineering,2015,42:151-164.
[9]FUKADA S,FANG B,SHIGENO A.Experimental analysis and simulation of nonlinear microscopic behavior of ball screw mechanism for ultra-precision positioning[J].Precision Engineering,2011,35(4):650-668.
[10]XU Z Z,LIU X J,CHOI C H,et al.A study on improvement of ball screw system positioning error with liquid-cooling[J].International Journal of Precision Engineering&Manufacturing,2012,13(12):2173-2181.
[11]冯文龙,黄奕乔,拓占宇,等.基于温度积分方法的大型数控机床光栅定位热误差建模及实时补偿[J].上海交通大学学报,2016,50(5):710-715.FENG Wen-long,HUANG Yi-qiao,TUO Zhan-yu,et al.Modeling of thermal induced grating positioning error of large machine tools based on temperature integral method and real-time compensation[J].Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University,2016,50(5):710-715.
[12]FENG W,LI Z,GU Q,et al.Thermally induced positioning error modelling and compensation based on thermal characteristic analysis[J].International Journal of Machine Tools&Manufacture,2015,93(6):26-36.
[13]JIANG H,FAN K,YANG J.An improved method for thermally induced positioning errors measurement,modeling,and compensation[J].The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology,2014,75(9/12):1279-1289.
[14]LI T J,ZHAO C Y,ZHANG Y M.Adaptive real-time model on thermal error of ball screw feed drive systems of CNC machine tools[J].The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology,2018,94(9/12):3853-3861.
[15]王新孟,杨军,梅雪松,等.精密坐标镗床进给系统热误差分析与预测[J].西安交通大学学报,2015,49(10):22-28.WANG Xin-meng,YANG Jun,MEI Xue-song,et al.Analysis and prediction for thermal error of precision coordinate boring machine[J].Journal of Xi’an Jiaotong University,2015,49(10):22-28.
[16]ZHANG D,YANG J,MA C,et al.Experiment-based thermal error modeling method for dual ball screw feed system of precision machine tool[J].The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology,2016,82(9/12):1693-1705.
[17]日本精工株式会社.日本精工株式会社精密滚动轴承样本[EB/OL].(2009-07-20)[2018-07-01]http://www.nsk.com.cn.NSK Ltd.Sample of precision rolling bearing of NSKLtd[EB/OL].(2009-07-20)[2018-07-01]http://www.nsk.com.cn.
[18]张大卫,杨金玉,高卫国,等.基于CAE机床结构工作空间热误差建模[J].天津大学学报(自然科学与工程技术版),2016,49(2):111-119.ZHANG Da-wei,YANG Jin-yu,GAO Wei-guo,et al.Structural thermal error modeling of machine tools in working space based on CAE thermal analysis[J].Journal of Tianjin University(Science and Technology),2016,49(2):111-119.
[19]胡俊峰,郝亚洲,徐贵阳,等.考虑温度效应的微操作平台的建模与性能分析[J].工程设计学报,2015,22(2):143-149.HU Jun-feng,HAO Ya-zhou,XU Gui-yang,et al.Modeling and performance analysis of a micromanipulation stage considering temperature effects[J].Chinese Journal of Engineering Design,2015,22(2):143-149.