煤矿冲击地压启动理论及其成套技术体系研究
|
摘要
冲击地压研究核心分为两大部分,一是冲击地压发生的理论认识;二是基于冲击地压发生理论认识的成套技术体系。传统的冲击地压理论认识在与实际采场、巷道等工程结构问题相对应,下一步如何监测,如何防治等方面尚需进一步发展。目前矿井出现冲击地压多参照法规要求,结合灾害程度开展监测与防治技术应用,由于缺乏针对矿井不同时期的、科学的技术体系指导,冲击地压防治效果甚微,为了实现矿井建设、生产各阶段冲击地压防治系统化、体系化目标,开展了煤矿冲击地压启动理论及其成套技术体系研究。采用控制论的黑箱研究方法,以冲击地压物理演化过程分解为突破口,采用理论与工程案例结合的方法,着重对冲击地压的冲击启动原理进行了分析,在补充完善冲击地压启动理论的基础上,将冲击地压启动理论与监测、防治技术关联起来,分析了冲击地压启动的主要类型;冲击地压启动理论4方面工程指导意义,从而建立煤矿冲击地压启动理论及其成套技术体系,并通过现场实践方法进行了可行性验证。研究可得:(1)煤矿地质、开采条件为冲击地压发生提供静、动载荷源,并且主要影响冲击地压启动环节,而不是全过程影响;(2)在煤层、顶底板、空洞组成的工程结构中,冲击地压启动原理为弹脆性单一结构体突破材料强度极限,材料失稳,导致工程结构体结构动力失稳的结果;(3)基于完善后的冲击启动理论的4个实践指导意义,针对建设期矿井,提出集中静载荷疏导的区域防范冲击地压的理论与技术体系,针对生产期矿井,提出在冲击启动类型确定基础上,以诱发冲击启动载荷源为中心,分源监测,分源防治,以"卸"为主,以"支"为辅,"卸、支"耦合防冲思想。建立的煤矿冲击地压启动理论及其成套技术体系,在陕西彬长矿区某矿井建设阶段、生产阶段分别进行了应用,实践证明,适应矿井全周期的冲击地压防治理论及技术体系,工程应用效果良好。
The core of rock burst research is divided into two parts: one is the theoretical understanding of rock burst occurrence; the other is a set of technical system based on the theoretical understanding of rock burst occurrence.The traditional theory of rock burst does not correspond to the actual engineering structure problems such as stope and roadway.How to monitor and prevent rock burst in the next step still needs further development.At present,the application of monitoring and prevention technology in combination with the degree of disasters is based on the requirementsof laws and regulations. Due to the lack of scientific technical system guidance for different periods of the mine,the effect of rock burst prevention is very little. In order to realize the prevention of rock burst in various stages of mine construction and production,the application of monitoring and prevention technology is carried out. With the goal of systematization and systematization,the theory of coal mine rockburst initiation and its technical system are studied.Using cybernetics black box research method,taking the physical evolution process of rock burst as a breakthrough point,combining theory with engineering cases,the impact initiation principle of rock burst was analyzed emphatically.On the basis of supplementing and perfecting the theory of rock burst initiation,the theory of rock burst initiation was connected with monitoring and prevention technology,and the impact initiation principle was analyzed.The main types of start-up and the theory of rock burst start-up have four engineering guiding significance,thus establishing the theory of coal mine rock burst start-up and its set of technical system,and verifying the feasibility through field practice.(1) Coal mine geology and mining conditions provide static and dynamic load source for rock burst occurrence,and mainly affect the starting link of rock burst rather than the whole process;(2) In the engineering structure composed of coal seam,roof and floor,and cavity,the starting principle of rock burst is that the elastic-brittle single structure breaks through the material strength limit and material instability,resulting in the structure of Engineering structure. The results of dynamic instability;(3) Based on the four practical guiding significance of the improved shock start theory,the theory and technical system of regional prevention of rock burst with centralized static load dredging is put forward for the mine in construction period.For the mine in production period,on the basis of determining the type of shock start,it is proposed that the load source of induced shock start should be taken as the center,the source monitoring and the source prevention should be separated. The thought of "unloading and supporting"coupling anti-scouring is mainly based on "unloading"and supplemented by "supporting".The theory of coal mine rock burst initiation and its set of technical system have been applied in the construction and production stages of a mine in Binchang mining area,Shaanxi Province,respectively.Practice has proved that the theory and technical system of rock burst prevention and control in the whole period of the mine can be adapted,and the engineering application effect is good.
The core of rock burst research is divided into two parts: one is the theoretical understanding of rock burst occurrence; the other is a set of technical system based on the theoretical understanding of rock burst occurrence.The traditional theory of rock burst does not correspond to the actual engineering structure problems such as stope and roadway.How to monitor and prevent rock burst in the next step still needs further development.At present,the application of monitoring and prevention technology in combination with the degree of disasters is based on the requirementsof laws and regulations. Due to the lack of scientific technical system guidance for different periods of the mine,the effect of rock burst prevention is very little. In order to realize the prevention of rock burst in various stages of mine construction and production,the application of monitoring and prevention technology is carried out. With the goal of systematization and systematization,the theory of coal mine rockburst initiation and its technical system are studied.Using cybernetics black box research method,taking the physical evolution process of rock burst as a breakthrough point,combining theory with engineering cases,the impact initiation principle of rock burst was analyzed emphatically.On the basis of supplementing and perfecting the theory of rock burst initiation,the theory of rock burst initiation was connected with monitoring and prevention technology,and the impact initiation principle was analyzed.The main types of start-up and the theory of rock burst start-up have four engineering guiding significance,thus establishing the theory of coal mine rock burst start-up and its set of technical system,and verifying the feasibility through field practice.(1) Coal mine geology and mining conditions provide static and dynamic load source for rock burst occurrence,and mainly affect the starting link of rock burst rather than the whole process;(2) In the engineering structure composed of coal seam,roof and floor,and cavity,the starting principle of rock burst is that the elastic-brittle single structure breaks through the material strength limit and material instability,resulting in the structure of Engineering structure. The results of dynamic instability;(3) Based on the four practical guiding significance of the improved shock start theory,the theory and technical system of regional prevention of rock burst with centralized static load dredging is put forward for the mine in construction period.For the mine in production period,on the basis of determining the type of shock start,it is proposed that the load source of induced shock start should be taken as the center,the source monitoring and the source prevention should be separated. The thought of "unloading and supporting"coupling anti-scouring is mainly based on "unloading"and supplemented by "supporting".The theory of coal mine rock burst initiation and its set of technical system have been applied in the construction and production stages of a mine in Binchang mining area,Shaanxi Province,respectively.Practice has proved that the theory and technical system of rock burst prevention and control in the whole period of the mine can be adapted,and the engineering application effect is good.
引文
[1]齐庆新,窦林名.冲击地压理论与技术[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2008:32-38.QI Qingxin,DOU Linming.Theory and technology of rock burst[M].Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology Press,2008:32-38.
[2] PROCHAZKA P P.Application of discrete element methods to fracture mechanics of rock bursts[J]. Engineering Fracture Mechanics,2004,71(4-6):601-618.
[3] TSIREL S V,KROTOV N V. Probability interpretation of indirect risk criteria and estimate of rock burst hazard in mining anthra cite seams[J].Journal of Mining Science,2001,37(3):240-260.
[4]章梦涛.冲击地压失稳理论与数值模拟计算[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1987,6(3):197-204.ZHANG Mengtao.Theory and numerical simulation of rock burst instability[J]. Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1987,6(3):197-204.
[5]潘一山.冲击地压发生和破坏过程研究[D].北京:清华大学,1999:25-50.PAN Yishan. Study on the occurrence and failure process of rock burst[D].Beijing:Tsinghua University,1999:25-50.
[6]齐庆新.层状煤岩体结构破坏的冲击矿压理论与实践研究[D].煤炭科学研究总院北京开采研究所,1996:45-58.QI Qingxin. Theoretical and practical study on rock burst caused by structural failure of layered coal and rock mass[D].Beijing Institute of Mining,General Institute of Coal Science,1996:45-58.
[7]姜耀东,潘一山,姜福兴,等.我国煤炭开采中的冲击地压机理和防治[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(2):205-213.JIANG Yaodong,PAN Yishan,JIANG Fuxing,et al. State of the art review on mechanism and prevention of coal bumps in China[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(2):205-213.
[8]窦林名,陆菜平,牟宗龙,等.冲击矿压的强度弱化减冲理论及其应用[J].煤炭学报,2005,30(5):690-694.DOU Linming,LU Caiping,MU Zonglong,et al. Intensity weakening theory for rockburst and its application[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2005,30(5):690-694.
[9]高明仕,窦林名,张农,等.冲击矿压巷道围岩控制的强弱强力学模型及其应用分析[J].岩土力学,2008,29(2):359-364.GAO Mingshi,DOU Linming,ZHANG Nong,et al. Strong-softstrong mechanical model for controlling roadway surrounding rock subjected to rock burst and its application[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics,2008,29(2):359-364.
[10]潘俊锋,毛德兵,蓝航,等.我国煤矿冲击地压防治技术研究现状及展望[J].煤炭科学技术,2013,41(6):21-25.PAN Junfeng,MAO Debing,LAN Hang,et al. Research status and prospect of rock burst prevention technology in coal mines in China[J].Coal Science and Technology,2013,41(6):21-25.
[11]翟明华,姜福兴,齐庆新,等.冲击地压分类防治体系研究与应用[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(12):3116-3124.ZHAI Minghua,JIANG Fuxing,QI Qingxin,et al. Research and practice of rockburst classified control system[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(12):3116-3124
[12]潘俊锋,宁宇,毛德兵,等.煤矿开采冲击地压启动理论[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(3):586-596.PAN Junfeng,NING Yu,MAO Debing,et al. Theory of rock burst start-up during coal mining[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(3):586-596.
[13]闫永敢,冯国瑞,翟英达,等.煤体粘滑冲击的发生条件及动力学分析[J].煤炭学报,2010,35(S1):19-21.YAN Yonggan,FENG Guorui,ZHAI Yingda,et al. Conditions and dynamic analysis of coal stick-slip impact[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2010,35(S1):19-21.
[14]杨建中.巷道底臌的机制分析[J].云南冶金,1998,27(4):12-15.YANG Jianzhong.A study on mechanism of tunnel floor-heave[J].Yunnan Metallurgy,1998,27(4):12-15.
[15]赵阳升,冯增朝,常宗旭.试论岩体动力破坏的最小能量原理[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(S):1931-1933.ZHAO Yangsheng,FENG Zengchao,CHANG Zongxu.The least energy principle of dynamical rock failure[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2002,21(S):1931-1933.
[16]潘俊锋.冲击地压的冲击启动机理及其应用[D].北京:煤炭科学研究总院,2016:71-82.PAN Junfeng.Mechanism of burst start-up of rock burst and its application[D].Beijing:China Coal Research Institute,2016:71-82.
[17]潘俊锋,宁宇,杜涛涛,等.区域大范围防范冲击地压的理论与体系[J].煤炭学报,2012,37(11):1803-1809.PAN Junfeng,NING Yu,DU Taotao,et al. The theory and system for preventing rock burst in large-scale areas[J].Journal of China
[2] PROCHAZKA P P.Application of discrete element methods to fracture mechanics of rock bursts[J]. Engineering Fracture Mechanics,2004,71(4-6):601-618.
[3] TSIREL S V,KROTOV N V. Probability interpretation of indirect risk criteria and estimate of rock burst hazard in mining anthra cite seams[J].Journal of Mining Science,2001,37(3):240-260.
[4]章梦涛.冲击地压失稳理论与数值模拟计算[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1987,6(3):197-204.ZHANG Mengtao.Theory and numerical simulation of rock burst instability[J]. Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1987,6(3):197-204.
[5]潘一山.冲击地压发生和破坏过程研究[D].北京:清华大学,1999:25-50.PAN Yishan. Study on the occurrence and failure process of rock burst[D].Beijing:Tsinghua University,1999:25-50.
[6]齐庆新.层状煤岩体结构破坏的冲击矿压理论与实践研究[D].煤炭科学研究总院北京开采研究所,1996:45-58.QI Qingxin. Theoretical and practical study on rock burst caused by structural failure of layered coal and rock mass[D].Beijing Institute of Mining,General Institute of Coal Science,1996:45-58.
[7]姜耀东,潘一山,姜福兴,等.我国煤炭开采中的冲击地压机理和防治[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(2):205-213.JIANG Yaodong,PAN Yishan,JIANG Fuxing,et al. State of the art review on mechanism and prevention of coal bumps in China[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(2):205-213.
[8]窦林名,陆菜平,牟宗龙,等.冲击矿压的强度弱化减冲理论及其应用[J].煤炭学报,2005,30(5):690-694.DOU Linming,LU Caiping,MU Zonglong,et al. Intensity weakening theory for rockburst and its application[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2005,30(5):690-694.
[9]高明仕,窦林名,张农,等.冲击矿压巷道围岩控制的强弱强力学模型及其应用分析[J].岩土力学,2008,29(2):359-364.GAO Mingshi,DOU Linming,ZHANG Nong,et al. Strong-softstrong mechanical model for controlling roadway surrounding rock subjected to rock burst and its application[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics,2008,29(2):359-364.
[10]潘俊锋,毛德兵,蓝航,等.我国煤矿冲击地压防治技术研究现状及展望[J].煤炭科学技术,2013,41(6):21-25.PAN Junfeng,MAO Debing,LAN Hang,et al. Research status and prospect of rock burst prevention technology in coal mines in China[J].Coal Science and Technology,2013,41(6):21-25.
[11]翟明华,姜福兴,齐庆新,等.冲击地压分类防治体系研究与应用[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(12):3116-3124.ZHAI Minghua,JIANG Fuxing,QI Qingxin,et al. Research and practice of rockburst classified control system[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(12):3116-3124
[12]潘俊锋,宁宇,毛德兵,等.煤矿开采冲击地压启动理论[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(3):586-596.PAN Junfeng,NING Yu,MAO Debing,et al. Theory of rock burst start-up during coal mining[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(3):586-596.
[13]闫永敢,冯国瑞,翟英达,等.煤体粘滑冲击的发生条件及动力学分析[J].煤炭学报,2010,35(S1):19-21.YAN Yonggan,FENG Guorui,ZHAI Yingda,et al. Conditions and dynamic analysis of coal stick-slip impact[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2010,35(S1):19-21.
[14]杨建中.巷道底臌的机制分析[J].云南冶金,1998,27(4):12-15.YANG Jianzhong.A study on mechanism of tunnel floor-heave[J].Yunnan Metallurgy,1998,27(4):12-15.
[15]赵阳升,冯增朝,常宗旭.试论岩体动力破坏的最小能量原理[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(S):1931-1933.ZHAO Yangsheng,FENG Zengchao,CHANG Zongxu.The least energy principle of dynamical rock failure[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2002,21(S):1931-1933.
[16]潘俊锋.冲击地压的冲击启动机理及其应用[D].北京:煤炭科学研究总院,2016:71-82.PAN Junfeng.Mechanism of burst start-up of rock burst and its application[D].Beijing:China Coal Research Institute,2016:71-82.
[17]潘俊锋,宁宇,杜涛涛,等.区域大范围防范冲击地压的理论与体系[J].煤炭学报,2012,37(11):1803-1809.PAN Junfeng,NING Yu,DU Taotao,et al. The theory and system for preventing rock burst in large-scale areas[J].Journal of China