永磁被动补偿脉冲发电机设计与仿真
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摘要
采用永磁励磁、两极两相、被动补偿结构,设计了一台小型补偿脉冲发电机。使用有限元软件对电机进行空负载电磁特性分析;永磁体采用厚度为12 mm的钕铁硼材料,空载时气隙最大磁感应强度为0.443 T。在60 000 r/min的设计转速下,单相开路电压峰值为195.4 V,铁心损耗功率为599 W。对电阻值1 m?,电感值1μH的小阻抗负载分别进行了单相放电、两相并联放电及两相串联放电仿真,单相放电电流峰值为10.90 kA,脉宽0.78 ms;两相并联放电电流峰值14.64 kA,脉宽1.1 ms;串联放电电压峰值增至333.7 V,电流峰值为8.59 kA。电机储能大于4 MJ,脉冲功率大于2 MW,且结构紧凑,具有较高的能量密度和功率密度。
A two-pole two-phase passive compulsator is designed, whose magnetic field is built by permanent magnet. The compulsator's no-load and discharge magnetic characteristics are analyzed by using finite element software. The Nd-Fe-B material is adopted as the permanent magnet, in thickness of 12 mm. The maximum magnetic flux density in the air gap is 0.443 T at the no-load state. At the designed rotor speed of 60 000 r/min, the single-phase open circuit peak voltage and the core loss power are 195.4 V and 599 W respectively. The single-phase discharge, two-phase parallel discharge and two-phase series discharge processes are simulated separately, to a small impedance load at 1 m?, 1 μH. The peak value of single-phase discharge current is 10.90 kA, and the pulse width is 0.78 ms. For two-phase parallel discharge, the peak current value and pulse width are 14.64 kA and 1.1 ms respectively. For two-phase series discharge, the peak voltage rises to 333.7 V, while the peak current drops to 8.95 kA. The compulsator's energy storage is greater than 4 MJ, whose pulse power is greater than 2 MW. The alternator has compact structure, high energy and power density.
A two-pole two-phase passive compulsator is designed, whose magnetic field is built by permanent magnet. The compulsator's no-load and discharge magnetic characteristics are analyzed by using finite element software. The Nd-Fe-B material is adopted as the permanent magnet, in thickness of 12 mm. The maximum magnetic flux density in the air gap is 0.443 T at the no-load state. At the designed rotor speed of 60 000 r/min, the single-phase open circuit peak voltage and the core loss power are 195.4 V and 599 W respectively. The single-phase discharge, two-phase parallel discharge and two-phase series discharge processes are simulated separately, to a small impedance load at 1 m?, 1 μH. The peak value of single-phase discharge current is 10.90 kA, and the pulse width is 0.78 ms. For two-phase parallel discharge, the peak current value and pulse width are 14.64 kA and 1.1 ms respectively. For two-phase series discharge, the peak voltage rises to 333.7 V, while the peak current drops to 8.95 kA. The compulsator's energy storage is greater than 4 MJ, whose pulse power is greater than 2 MW. The alternator has compact structure, high energy and power density.
引文
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[9]袁培,于克训,黄福勇,等.用于高能脉冲激光器直驱式电源系统的主动补偿脉冲发电机的电磁设计与实验分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(9):2528-2537.(YUAN Pei,YU Kexun,HUANG Fuyong,et al.Electromagnetic design and experimental analysis of the active compensation pulse alternator for the high-energy pulsed laser direct-drive power system[J]Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(9):2528-2537.)
[10]马伟明,肖飞,聂世雄.电磁发射系统中电力电子技术的应用与发展[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(19):1-10.(MA Weiming,XIAO Fei,NIE Shixiong.Applications and development of power electronics in electromagnetic launch system[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(19):1-10.)
[11]陶雪峰,刘昆.空心补偿脉冲发电机设计与仿真[J].电工技术学报,2018,33(9):1931-1937.(TAO Xuefeng,LIU Kun.Design and simulation of an air-core compulsator[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2018,33(9):1931-1937.)
[12]KITZMILLER J R,PAPPAS J A,PRATAP S B,et al.Single and multiphase compulsator system architectures:a practical comparison[J].IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2001,37(1):367-370.
[13]张宸菥,陈立芳,王维民,等.高速电动机损耗分析及温度场计算[J].电气技术,2017,18(5):44-50.(ZHANG Chenxi CHEN Lifang,WANG Weimin,et al.High speed motor loss analysis and temperature field calculation[J].Electrical Engineering2017,18(5):44-50.)
[14]朱博峰,肖凯,王昊泽.基于解析方法和有限元联合仿真方法的补偿脉冲发电机温度场计算[J].电机与控制应用,2015(7):20-25.(ZHU Bofeng,XIAO Kai,WANG Haoze.Temperature field calculation of CPA based on analytical method and combined FEA simulation[J].Electric Machines&Control Application,2015(7):20-25.)
[2]HERBST J,BENO J,OUROUA A,et al.High slew rate power supplies for support of large pulsed loads[C]//IEEE Electric Ship Technologies Symposium(ESTS).Alexandria,VA,USA:IEEE,2015:446-452.
[3]袁培,于克训,黄福勇.用于匹配主动补偿脉冲发电机的脉冲氙灯及其触发电源的分析与设计[J].高电压技术,201339(1):1-8.(YUAN Pei,YU Kexun,HUANG Fuyong.Analysis and design of the pulsed xenon flashlamp and its trigger power supply used to matchup with the active compensated pulsed alternator[J].High Voltage Engineering,2013,39(1):1-8.)
[4]刘克富,潘垣,李劲松,等.补偿脉冲发电机为主体电源的电热化学炮系统模拟和试验[J].电工技术学报,2000,15(2):24-28.(LIU Kefu,PAN Yuan,LI Jinsong,et al.System simulations and experiments for electro-thermal chemical guns powered by compensated pulsed alternators[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2000,15(2):24-28.)
[5]李格,刘保华,秦文汀,等.旋转磁通压缩脉冲发电机驱动电磁轨道炮实验[J].核聚变与等离子体物理,2001,21(1)38-42.(LI Ge,LIU Baohua,QIN Wenting,et al.Experiments of electromagnetic launchers driven by the passively rotated flux-compressed pulsed alternator[J].Nuclear Fusion and Plasma Physics,2001,21(1):38-42.)
[6]WU Shaopeng,CUI Shumei,SONG Liwei,et al.Design,fabrication and experiment of iron-core passive compulsator[C]//International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems.Wuhan,China:[s.n.],2009:3544-3548.
[7]WU Shaopeng,CUI Shumei,SONG Liwei,et al.Design,simulation,and testing of a dual stator-winding all-air-core compulsator[J]IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science,2011,39(1):328-334.
[8]WANG Haoze,LIU Kun,YU Xiang,et al.Design,analysis,and testing of a novel permanent magnet compulsator[J].IEEETransactions on Plasma Science,2015,43(4):1040-1048.
[9]袁培,于克训,黄福勇,等.用于高能脉冲激光器直驱式电源系统的主动补偿脉冲发电机的电磁设计与实验分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(9):2528-2537.(YUAN Pei,YU Kexun,HUANG Fuyong,et al.Electromagnetic design and experimental analysis of the active compensation pulse alternator for the high-energy pulsed laser direct-drive power system[J]Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(9):2528-2537.)
[10]马伟明,肖飞,聂世雄.电磁发射系统中电力电子技术的应用与发展[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(19):1-10.(MA Weiming,XIAO Fei,NIE Shixiong.Applications and development of power electronics in electromagnetic launch system[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(19):1-10.)
[11]陶雪峰,刘昆.空心补偿脉冲发电机设计与仿真[J].电工技术学报,2018,33(9):1931-1937.(TAO Xuefeng,LIU Kun.Design and simulation of an air-core compulsator[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2018,33(9):1931-1937.)
[12]KITZMILLER J R,PAPPAS J A,PRATAP S B,et al.Single and multiphase compulsator system architectures:a practical comparison[J].IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2001,37(1):367-370.
[13]张宸菥,陈立芳,王维民,等.高速电动机损耗分析及温度场计算[J].电气技术,2017,18(5):44-50.(ZHANG Chenxi CHEN Lifang,WANG Weimin,et al.High speed motor loss analysis and temperature field calculation[J].Electrical Engineering2017,18(5):44-50.)
[14]朱博峰,肖凯,王昊泽.基于解析方法和有限元联合仿真方法的补偿脉冲发电机温度场计算[J].电机与控制应用,2015(7):20-25.(ZHU Bofeng,XIAO Kai,WANG Haoze.Temperature field calculation of CPA based on analytical method and combined FEA simulation[J].Electric Machines&Control Application,2015(7):20-25.)