福建省某石油化工企业职业病危害现状评价
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摘要
目的通过了解某石油化工企业产生的职业病危害因素,分析危害程度及对劳动者健康的影响,评价职业病防护设施及其效果,为企业进行职业病防治工作提供科学依据。方法采用现场职业卫生学调查和工作场所职业病危害因素检测方法,对企业进行职业病危害现状评价。结果企业的总体布局、生产工艺和设备布局、建筑卫生学要求、卫生辅助用室、个人使用的职业病防护用品、职业卫生管理基本符合GBZ 1-2010《工业企业设计卫生标准》的相关要求。存在的主要职业病危害因素为硫化氢、一氧化碳、苯、汽油、甲苯、二甲苯、二氧化硫、二硫化碳、丁二烯、盐酸、氢氧化钠、氨、粉尘、噪声、高温、工频电场。其中乙烯班长岗位40 h等效A声级90～95 dB(A),溶脱/C2、催化、EOEG三个班长岗位,炼一轻烃回收、硫磺回收、加氢裂化/处理、炼二反应、乙烯压缩裂解、聚烯烃精制、公用工程和氧化外操、EG精制和EG储运、空压站、化水凝水外操岗位为85～90 dB(A),其噪声强度超过国家职业卫生标准;航煤加氢塔顶石脑油采样器硫化氢浓度16.0～21.3 mg/m3,超过国家职业卫生标准;聚乙烯添加剂投料口粉尘浓度为12 mg/m~3,超过国家职业卫生标准。结论企业危害风险程度为职业病危害严重,应根据该企业职业病防护设施运行的实际情况完善所采取的职业病防护措施,特别是加强噪声、粉尘、硫化氢、一氧化碳、苯的职业危害防护,以更好地保护劳动者健康。
[Objective]To identify the occupational health in a refining & petrochemical production enterprise,analyze the harmful level and impact on worker' health,evaluate the occupational protection facilities and their effects,and provide scientific evidence for occupational disease control in the enterprise.[Methods] The present situation of occupational hazards in enterprises was evaluated by on-site occupational hygiene survey and workplace occupational hazards detection.[Results]The general layout,production process and equipment layout,building hygiene,hygienic auxiliary rooms,personal occupational protective articles and occupational health management basically met the relevant requirements of the Hygienic Standards for Design of Industrial Enterprises(GBZ 1-2010). The main occupational hazard factors in the workplace were hydrogen sulfide,carbon monoxide,benzene,gasoline,tuluene,xylene,sulfur dioxide,carbon disulfide,butadience,hydrochloric,sodium hydroxide,ammonia,dust,noise,high temperature,and power frequency electric field. A-weighted sound exposure level for a nominal 40-hour working day in ethylene shift lead post was 90-95 dB(A),and that of posts for three shift lead posts of dissolution/C2,catalysis,EOEG,and refin ing light hydrocarbon recovery,sulfur recovery,hydrocracking/treatment,refining reaction,ethylene compression cracking,polyolefin refining,utilities and oxidation operation,EG refining and EG storage and transportation,air compressor station,chemical water condensate external operation posts were 85-90 dB(A),which the noise intensity exceeded the national occupational health standard. The concentration of hydrogen sulfide in naphtha sampler at aviation coal hydrogenation tower top was 16.0-21.3 mg/m~3,which exceeded the national occupational health standard. The concentration of dust in polyethylene additive feeding port was12 mg/m~3,which exceeded the national occupational health standard.[Conclusion]This construction project has serious occupational hazards. It is necessary to carry out the occupational protection measures according to the actual operation of occupational protection facilities in the enterprise,especially to strengthen the occupational hazard protection of noise,dust,hydrogen sulfide,carbon monoxide and benzene,in order to better protect workers' health.
[Objective]To identify the occupational health in a refining & petrochemical production enterprise,analyze the harmful level and impact on worker' health,evaluate the occupational protection facilities and their effects,and provide scientific evidence for occupational disease control in the enterprise.[Methods] The present situation of occupational hazards in enterprises was evaluated by on-site occupational hygiene survey and workplace occupational hazards detection.[Results]The general layout,production process and equipment layout,building hygiene,hygienic auxiliary rooms,personal occupational protective articles and occupational health management basically met the relevant requirements of the Hygienic Standards for Design of Industrial Enterprises(GBZ 1-2010). The main occupational hazard factors in the workplace were hydrogen sulfide,carbon monoxide,benzene,gasoline,tuluene,xylene,sulfur dioxide,carbon disulfide,butadience,hydrochloric,sodium hydroxide,ammonia,dust,noise,high temperature,and power frequency electric field. A-weighted sound exposure level for a nominal 40-hour working day in ethylene shift lead post was 90-95 dB(A),and that of posts for three shift lead posts of dissolution/C2,catalysis,EOEG,and refin ing light hydrocarbon recovery,sulfur recovery,hydrocracking/treatment,refining reaction,ethylene compression cracking,polyolefin refining,utilities and oxidation operation,EG refining and EG storage and transportation,air compressor station,chemical water condensate external operation posts were 85-90 dB(A),which the noise intensity exceeded the national occupational health standard. The concentration of hydrogen sulfide in naphtha sampler at aviation coal hydrogenation tower top was 16.0-21.3 mg/m~3,which exceeded the national occupational health standard. The concentration of dust in polyethylene additive feeding port was12 mg/m~3,which exceeded the national occupational health standard.[Conclusion]This construction project has serious occupational hazards. It is necessary to carry out the occupational protection measures according to the actual operation of occupational protection facilities in the enterprise,especially to strengthen the occupational hazard protection of noise,dust,hydrogen sulfide,carbon monoxide and benzene,in order to better protect workers' health.
引文
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[15]苑春苗栾昌才李畅.噪声控制原理与技术[M].沈阳:东北大学出版社,2014:43-44.
[16]吴梅香贾莉.炼化企业噪声作业人群健康监护工作的探讨[EB/OL].(2010-03-25)[2019-01-20].https://www.taokocs.com/p-13612990.html.
[17]国家安全生产监督管理总局.国家安全监管总局关于公布建设项目职业病危害风险分类管理目录(2012年版)的通知[EB/OL](2012-05-31)[2019-01-20]. http://www.doc88.com/p-0169374803079.html.
[18]中华人民共和国卫生部.工作场所职业病危害警示标识[S/OL].(2009-11-18)[2019-01-20]. http://www.zywsw.com/wsfg/Regulate011.htm.
[19]中华人民共和国卫生部.职业病分类和目录[S/OL].(2013-12-23)[2019-01-20].https://baike.so.com/doc/7536671-7810764.html.
[20]中华人民共和国卫生部.工业企业设计卫生标准[S/OL].(2002-04-08)[2019-01-20].http://www.docin.com/p-1224567891.html.
[2]全国人民代表大会常务委员会.中华人民共和国劳动合同法[S/OL].(2007-6-29)[2019-01-20]. http://www.jincao.com/fa/12/law12.83.htm
[3]国务院.使用有毒物品作业场所劳动保护条例[S/OL].(2002-05-12)[2019-01-20].http://www.gov.cn/gongbao/content/2002/content_61500.htm
[4]国务院.中华人民共和国尘肺病防治条例[S/OL].(1987-12-03)[2019-01-20]http://www.gov.cn/banshi/2005-08/01/content_19051.htm
[5]国务院.危险化学品安全管理条例[S/OL].(2013-12-07)[2019-01-20].http://www.gov.cn/banshi/2005-08/01/content_19051.htm.
[6]国家安全生产监督管理总局.工作场所职业卫生监督管理规定[S/OL].(2012-04-27)[2019-01-20].http://www.gov.cn/gongbao/content/2012/content_2201892.htm.
[7]国家安全生产监督管理总局.用人单位职业健康监护监督管理办法[S/OL].(2012-04-27)[2019-01-20].http://www.studyez.com/anquanshi/shrd/all/201504/1598942.htm.
[8]国家安全生产监督管理总局.用人单位职业病危害现状评价技术导则[S/OL].(2015-03-06)[2019-01-20]http://www.docin.com/p-1101203270.html.
[9]中华人民共和国卫生部.工作场所职业病危害作业分级[EB/OL].(2010-04-12)[2019-01-20].http://ishare.iask.sina.com.cn/f/23911227.html.
[10]国家安全监管总局办公厅.用人单位劳动防护用品管理规范[S/OL].(2018-01-15)[2019-01-20].http://www.zywsw.com/news/7135.html.
[11]中华人民共和国卫生部.工作场所有害因素职业接触限值第1部分:化学有害因素[S/OL].(2007-04-12)[2019-01-20]http://ishare.iask.sina.com.cn/f/35083791.html.
[12]中华人民共和国卫生部.工作场所有毒气体检测报警装置设置规范[S/OL].(2009-11-18)[2019-01-20].https://wenku.baidu.com/view/6fc40021ccbff121dd36836d.html.
[13]国家安全生产监督管理总局卫生部人力资源与社会保障部中华全国总工会.防暑降温措施管理办法[S/OL].(2012-06-29)[2019-01-20]. http://www.nhc.gov.cn/zyjks/zcwj2/201207/3cda5ca273484f0b994733bccc819aac.shtml.
[14]中华人民共和国卫生部.工作场所有害因素职业接触限值第2部分:物理因素[S/OL].(2007-04-12)[2019-01-20].http://www.360doc.com/content/17/0711/17/45248192_670597441.shtml
[15]苑春苗栾昌才李畅.噪声控制原理与技术[M].沈阳:东北大学出版社,2014:43-44.
[16]吴梅香贾莉.炼化企业噪声作业人群健康监护工作的探讨[EB/OL].(2010-03-25)[2019-01-20].https://www.taokocs.com/p-13612990.html.
[17]国家安全生产监督管理总局.国家安全监管总局关于公布建设项目职业病危害风险分类管理目录(2012年版)的通知[EB/OL](2012-05-31)[2019-01-20]. http://www.doc88.com/p-0169374803079.html.
[18]中华人民共和国卫生部.工作场所职业病危害警示标识[S/OL].(2009-11-18)[2019-01-20]. http://www.zywsw.com/wsfg/Regulate011.htm.
[19]中华人民共和国卫生部.职业病分类和目录[S/OL].(2013-12-23)[2019-01-20].https://baike.so.com/doc/7536671-7810764.html.
[20]中华人民共和国卫生部.工业企业设计卫生标准[S/OL].(2002-04-08)[2019-01-20].http://www.docin.com/p-1224567891.html.