长山群岛海洋渔业资源的平均营养级变化特征
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摘要
根据长山群岛1965-2016年渔业统计资料,分析长山群岛海域主要捕捞渔获物产量、平均营养级(Mean trophic level,MTL)、渔业均衡指数(Fishing in balance index,FiB)年际变化,探讨其海洋渔业资源利用状况,并利用小波分析方法研究52年来渔获物MTL周期变化特征。研究表明:(1)长山群岛捕捞产量、MTL和FiB指数呈阶段性变化;(2)长山群岛渔业资源开发经历初期开发、扩张捕捞、过度捕捞、资源破坏等四个阶段,渔业资源环境正在逐渐恶化;(3)受人类捕捞活动影响,MTL在15～19年和24～34年两种时间尺度下呈周期波动,30年为第一主周期,17年为第二主周期。长山群岛渔业资源破坏日益严重,未来几年平均营养级将呈下降趋势。为防止渔业资源进一步衰退,应加强捕捞活动管理力度,落实海洋渔业资源保护制度;完善预警机制,构建海洋渔业资源监测系统;同时应积极调整长山群岛渔业产业结构,提高资源产出效率。
This study analyzed the interannual variation in the catch,mean trophic level(MTL) and fishing in balance index(Fi B) of captured species, discussed the utilization of marine fishery resources in the waters of the Changshan Archipelagousing its fishery statistics from 1965 to 2016. The Periodic variation characteristics of the MTL of catches during the past52 years were studied by wavelet analysis method. The results showed that:(1) the catch, MTL and Fi B of the ChangshanArchipelago changed at different stages.(2) The exploitation of fishery resources has gone through four stages: initial exploita-tion, expansionary fishing, overfishing and resource destruction, and the resources and environment are getting worse.(3) Af-fected by human fishing activities, the MTL of catch fluctuates periodically at 15～19 years and 24～34 years of time scaleswhich 30 years is the first main period and 17 years is the second main period. At present, the damage of fishery resources inChangshan Archipelago is becoming more and more serious, and the MTL will decline over the next few years. In order toprevent further decline of fishery resources, the government should strengthen management of fishing activities and imple-ment marine fishery resources protection system. The early warning mechanism and the monitoring system of marine fisheryresources should be constructed and improved. At the same time, the fishery industry structure of the Changshan Archipelagoshould be adjusted actively to improve the efficiency of resource output.
This study analyzed the interannual variation in the catch,mean trophic level(MTL) and fishing in balance index(Fi B) of captured species, discussed the utilization of marine fishery resources in the waters of the Changshan Archipelagousing its fishery statistics from 1965 to 2016. The Periodic variation characteristics of the MTL of catches during the past52 years were studied by wavelet analysis method. The results showed that:(1) the catch, MTL and Fi B of the ChangshanArchipelago changed at different stages.(2) The exploitation of fishery resources has gone through four stages: initial exploita-tion, expansionary fishing, overfishing and resource destruction, and the resources and environment are getting worse.(3) Af-fected by human fishing activities, the MTL of catch fluctuates periodically at 15～19 years and 24～34 years of time scaleswhich 30 years is the first main period and 17 years is the second main period. At present, the damage of fishery resources inChangshan Archipelago is becoming more and more serious, and the MTL will decline over the next few years. In order toprevent further decline of fishery resources, the government should strengthen management of fishing activities and imple-ment marine fishery resources protection system. The early warning mechanism and the monitoring system of marine fisheryresources should be constructed and improved. At the same time, the fishery industry structure of the Changshan Archipelagoshould be adjusted actively to improve the efficiency of resource output.
引文
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Kleisner K,Mansour H,Pauly D,2014.Region-based MTI:resolving geographic expansion in the Marine Trophic Index.Marine Ecology Progress,512:185-199.
Lindeman R L,1942.The trophic-dynamic aspect of ecology.Ecology,23(4):399-417.
Pauly D,Christensen V,Dalsgaard J,et al,1998.Fishing down marine food webs.Science,279(5352):860-863.
Pauly D,Christensen V,Walters C,2000.Ecopath,Ecosim,and Ecospace as tools for evaluating ecosystem impact of fisheries.Ices Journal of Marine Science,57(3):697-706.
Pauly D,Palomares M L,Froese R,et al,2001.Fishing down Canadian food webs.Canadian Journal of Fisheries&Aquatic Sciences,58(1):51-62.
Pauly D,Christensen V,Guénette S,et al,2002.Towards sustainability in world fisheries.Nature,418(6898):689-695.
Pauly D,Watson R,2005.Background and interpretation of the'Marine Trophic Index'as a measure of biodiversity.Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B:Biological Sciences,360(1454):415-423.
Pinnegar J K,Jennings S,O'brien CM,et al,2002.Long-Term Changes in the Trophic Level of the Celtic Sea Fish Community and Fish Market Price Distribution.Journal of Applied Ecology,39(3):377-390.
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褚晓琳,2010.预警原则在中国海洋渔业资源管理中的适用.海洋通报,29(3):289-294.
狄乾斌,张海红,曹可,2015.基于能值的山东省海洋生态足迹研究.海洋通报,34(1):1-6.
丁琪,2017.全球海洋渔业资源可持续利用及脆弱性评价.上海:上海海洋大学.
丁琪,陈新军,李纲,等,2013.基于渔获统计的西北太平洋渔业资源可持续利用评价.资源科学,35(10):2032-2040.
丁琪,陈新军,李纲,等,2016.渔获物平均营养级在渔业可持续性评价中的应用研究进展.海洋渔业,38(1):88-97.
杜建国,叶观琼,陈彬,等,2014.中国海域海洋生物的营养级指数变化特征.生物多样性,22(4):532-539.
付秀梅,苏丽荣,李晓燕,等,2018.海洋生物资源资产负债表基本概念内涵解析.海洋通报,37(4):370-377.
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侯雪燕,洪阳,张建民,等,2017.海洋大数据:内涵、应用及平台建设.海洋通报,36(4):361-369.
黄炜楠,李雪,董胜,2017.基于小波分析的山东寒潮强弱变化特征研究.自然灾害学报,26(3):56-62.
李继龙,曹坤,丁放,等,2017.基于渔获物统计的中国近海鱼类营养级结构变换及其与捕捞作业的关系.中国水产科学,24(1):109-119.
刘建梅,王安志,裴铁璠,等,2005.杂谷脑河径流趋势及周期变化特征的小波分析.北京林业大学学报,27(4):49-55.
刘景景,龙文军,2014.我国海洋捕捞政策及其转型方向研究.中国渔业经济,32(2):29-34.
刘勇,程家骅,2015.东海、黄海秋季渔业生物群落结构及其平均营养级变化特征初步分析.水产学报,39(5):691-702.
马日新,黄金廷,田华,等,2017.格尔木河流域近60 a降水、蒸发及温度变化特征分析.干旱区地理,40(5):1005-1012.
申娜,2005.长山群岛可持续发展社会经济支撑系统研究.大连:辽宁师范大学.
宋伦,王年斌,董婧,等,2010.捕捞对长山群岛海域渔业生态系统的影响.生态学杂志,29(8):1578-1584.
孙康,周晓静,苏子晓,张华,2016.中国海洋渔业资源可持续利用的动态评价与空间分异.地理科学,36(8):1172-1179.
索安宁,孙永光,李滨勇,等,2015.长山群岛植被景观健康评价.应用生态学报,26(4):1034-1040.
同春芬,张绍游,2015.我国海洋渔业生态政策变迁史研究(1949-1986).广东海洋大学学报,2015,35(2):39-44.
田甲申,韩家波,鹿志创,等,2018.大连海域食物网连续营养谱.应用生态学报,29(1):300-308.
王洁,宫辉力,陈蓓蓓,等,2018.基于Morlet小波技术的北京平原地面沉降周期性分析.吉林大学学报(地球科学版),48(3):836-845.
王荦,杜双成,杨婷越,等,2017.应用稳定同位素技术评价大连近岸海域食物网营养结构.生态学杂志,36(5):1452-1457.
王颖,2013.中国海洋地理.北京:科学出版社.
王现伟,2013.从绝对理性到有限理性.长春:吉林大学.
沃佳,牟秀霞,徐宾铎,等,2018.江苏近海北部海域春季鱼类群落结构的年间变化.应用生态学报,29(1):285-292.
吴佳颖,薛莹,刘笑笑,等,2017.黄、渤海渔业生物平均营养级的长期变动.中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),47(11):53-60.
吴静,2017.几内亚比绍近海渔业资源利用状况评价.上海:上海海洋大学.
徐芝英,胡云锋,甄霖,等,2015.基于小波的浙江省NDVI与自然-人文因子多尺度空间关联分析.地理研究,34(3):567-577.
许罕多,2013.资源衰退下的我国海洋捕捞业产量增长---基于1956年-2011年渔业数据的实证分析.山东大学学报(哲学社会科学版),(05):86-93.
许思思,宋金明,李学刚,等,2011.渔业捕捞对渤海渔业资源及生态系统影响的模型研究.资源科学,33(6):1153-1162.
许思思,宋金明,李学刚,等,2014.渤海渔获物资源结构的变化特征及其影响因素分析.自然资源学报,29(3):500-506.
薛莹,金显仕,2005.鱼类食性和食物网研究综述.海洋水产研究,24(2):76-87.
张彦龙,刘普幸,王允,2015.基于干旱指数的宁夏干旱时空变化特征及其Morlet小波分析.生态学杂志,34(8):2373-2380.
张耀光,2012.中国海岛开发与保护:地理学视角.北京:海洋出版社.
张忠,杨文波,陈新军,等,2015.基于渔获量平均营养级的东南大西洋渔业资源状况分析.海洋渔业,37(3):197-207.
朱国平,2014.南大洋有鳍鱼类渔业平均营养级的长期变动.生态学杂志,33(6):1573-1579.
《中国海岛志》编纂委员会,2013.中国海岛志(辽宁卷·第1册).北京:海洋出版社.
Caddy JF,Csirke J,Garcia SM,et al,1998.How Pervasive is"Fishing Down Marine Food Webs"?.Science,282(5393):1383.
Christensen V,2000.Indicators for marine ecosystems affected by fisheries.Marine&Freshwater Research,51(5):447-450.
Cury P M,Shannon L J,Roux J P,et al,2005.Trophodynamic indicators for an ecosystem approach to fisheries.Ices Journal of Marine Science,62(3):430-442.
Jennings S,2005.Indicators to support an ecosystem approach to fisheries.Fish and Fisheries,6(3):212-232.
Kleisner K,Mansour H,Pauly D,2014.Region-based MTI:resolving geographic expansion in the Marine Trophic Index.Marine Ecology Progress,512:185-199.
Lindeman R L,1942.The trophic-dynamic aspect of ecology.Ecology,23(4):399-417.
Pauly D,Christensen V,Dalsgaard J,et al,1998.Fishing down marine food webs.Science,279(5352):860-863.
Pauly D,Christensen V,Walters C,2000.Ecopath,Ecosim,and Ecospace as tools for evaluating ecosystem impact of fisheries.Ices Journal of Marine Science,57(3):697-706.
Pauly D,Palomares M L,Froese R,et al,2001.Fishing down Canadian food webs.Canadian Journal of Fisheries&Aquatic Sciences,58(1):51-62.
Pauly D,Christensen V,Guénette S,et al,2002.Towards sustainability in world fisheries.Nature,418(6898):689-695.
Pauly D,Watson R,2005.Background and interpretation of the'Marine Trophic Index'as a measure of biodiversity.Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B:Biological Sciences,360(1454):415-423.
Pinnegar J K,Jennings S,O'brien CM,et al,2002.Long-Term Changes in the Trophic Level of the Celtic Sea Fish Community and Fish Market Price Distribution.Journal of Applied Ecology,39(3):377-390.
Watson R A,Cheung W W L,Anticamara J A,et al,2013.Global marine yield halved as fishing intensity redoubles.Fish and Fisheries,14(4):493-503.
晁敏,全为民,李纯厚,等,2005.东海区海洋捕捞渔获物的营养级变化研究.海洋科学,29(9):53-57.
陈琦,韩立民,2016.我国海洋捕捞业生产的波动特征及成因分析.经济地理,36(1):105-112.
陈东景,郑伟,郭惠丽,等,2014.基于物质流分析方法的生态海岛建设研究---以长海县为例.生态学报,34(1):154-162.
陈新军,2001.海洋渔业资源可持续利用评价.南京:南京农业大学.
褚晓琳,2010.预警原则在中国海洋渔业资源管理中的适用.海洋通报,29(3):289-294.
狄乾斌,张海红,曹可,2015.基于能值的山东省海洋生态足迹研究.海洋通报,34(1):1-6.
丁琪,2017.全球海洋渔业资源可持续利用及脆弱性评价.上海:上海海洋大学.
丁琪,陈新军,李纲,等,2013.基于渔获统计的西北太平洋渔业资源可持续利用评价.资源科学,35(10):2032-2040.
丁琪,陈新军,李纲,等,2016.渔获物平均营养级在渔业可持续性评价中的应用研究进展.海洋渔业,38(1):88-97.
杜建国,叶观琼,陈彬,等,2014.中国海域海洋生物的营养级指数变化特征.生物多样性,22(4):532-539.
付秀梅,苏丽荣,李晓燕,等,2018.海洋生物资源资产负债表基本概念内涵解析.海洋通报,37(4):370-377.
韩增林,郭建科,刘锴,2008.海岛地区生态足迹与可持续发展研究---以长山群岛为例.生态经济,(2):63-67,86.
侯雪燕,洪阳,张建民,等,2017.海洋大数据:内涵、应用及平台建设.海洋通报,36(4):361-369.
黄炜楠,李雪,董胜,2017.基于小波分析的山东寒潮强弱变化特征研究.自然灾害学报,26(3):56-62.
李继龙,曹坤,丁放,等,2017.基于渔获物统计的中国近海鱼类营养级结构变换及其与捕捞作业的关系.中国水产科学,24(1):109-119.
刘建梅,王安志,裴铁璠,等,2005.杂谷脑河径流趋势及周期变化特征的小波分析.北京林业大学学报,27(4):49-55.
刘景景,龙文军,2014.我国海洋捕捞政策及其转型方向研究.中国渔业经济,32(2):29-34.
刘勇,程家骅,2015.东海、黄海秋季渔业生物群落结构及其平均营养级变化特征初步分析.水产学报,39(5):691-702.
马日新,黄金廷,田华,等,2017.格尔木河流域近60 a降水、蒸发及温度变化特征分析.干旱区地理,40(5):1005-1012.
申娜,2005.长山群岛可持续发展社会经济支撑系统研究.大连:辽宁师范大学.
宋伦,王年斌,董婧,等,2010.捕捞对长山群岛海域渔业生态系统的影响.生态学杂志,29(8):1578-1584.
孙康,周晓静,苏子晓,张华,2016.中国海洋渔业资源可持续利用的动态评价与空间分异.地理科学,36(8):1172-1179.
索安宁,孙永光,李滨勇,等,2015.长山群岛植被景观健康评价.应用生态学报,26(4):1034-1040.
同春芬,张绍游,2015.我国海洋渔业生态政策变迁史研究(1949-1986).广东海洋大学学报,2015,35(2):39-44.
田甲申,韩家波,鹿志创,等,2018.大连海域食物网连续营养谱.应用生态学报,29(1):300-308.
王洁,宫辉力,陈蓓蓓,等,2018.基于Morlet小波技术的北京平原地面沉降周期性分析.吉林大学学报(地球科学版),48(3):836-845.
王荦,杜双成,杨婷越,等,2017.应用稳定同位素技术评价大连近岸海域食物网营养结构.生态学杂志,36(5):1452-1457.
王颖,2013.中国海洋地理.北京:科学出版社.
王现伟,2013.从绝对理性到有限理性.长春:吉林大学.
沃佳,牟秀霞,徐宾铎,等,2018.江苏近海北部海域春季鱼类群落结构的年间变化.应用生态学报,29(1):285-292.
吴佳颖,薛莹,刘笑笑,等,2017.黄、渤海渔业生物平均营养级的长期变动.中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),47(11):53-60.
吴静,2017.几内亚比绍近海渔业资源利用状况评价.上海:上海海洋大学.
徐芝英,胡云锋,甄霖,等,2015.基于小波的浙江省NDVI与自然-人文因子多尺度空间关联分析.地理研究,34(3):567-577.
许罕多,2013.资源衰退下的我国海洋捕捞业产量增长---基于1956年-2011年渔业数据的实证分析.山东大学学报(哲学社会科学版),(05):86-93.
许思思,宋金明,李学刚,等,2011.渔业捕捞对渤海渔业资源及生态系统影响的模型研究.资源科学,33(6):1153-1162.
许思思,宋金明,李学刚,等,2014.渤海渔获物资源结构的变化特征及其影响因素分析.自然资源学报,29(3):500-506.
薛莹,金显仕,2005.鱼类食性和食物网研究综述.海洋水产研究,24(2):76-87.
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