桃绿枝扦插研究进展
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摘要
绿枝扦插是桃无性系繁殖的一种方式,目前扦插过程中需要解决的关键技术难题是不定根的形成和成活。不定根形成是个复杂的过程,受诸多因素影响,如插条自身条件(品种、基因、内源激素、酶活力、营养物质以及木质化程度等)、环境条件(温度、湿度、光照等)以及植物生长调节剂(种类、浓度)等都将会影响绿枝生根能力,这些内外条件之间不是独立存在的,而是相互影响和协同效应的关系。因此,明确桃绿枝扦插生根机理对于促进不定根形成及环境调控具有重要指引意义。综述了国内外关于桃绿枝扦插过程中有关不定根形成的机理和内外影响因素间的相互关系,进行了全面分析总结,提出了桃绿枝扦插基本技术方案和研究思路,为桃快速扦插生根相关研究提供参考。
Greenwood cutting propagation is a common form of asexual propagation of peach, and the key technical problem to be solved during cutting is the formation and survival of adventitious roots. The formation of adventitious roots is a complicated process which is integrated controlled by scion conditions(variety, gene, endogenous hormone, enzyme activity,nutrients and lignification degree, etc.), environmental conditions(temperature, humidity, light, etc.) and exogenous auxin(species, concentration), it is essential question to adjust the interaction ability and synergistic effect of the internal and external conditions. Therefore, it is of great significance to clarify the rooting mechanism of peach greenwood cutting for promoting the formation of adventitious roots and regulating the environment. This paper comprehensively described the relationship between the formation mechanism of adventitious roots and the internal and external factors in the cutting process of peaches. The optimum physiological state was analyzed to provide theoretical support for accelerating the cutting rooting rate and increasing the survival rate.
Greenwood cutting propagation is a common form of asexual propagation of peach, and the key technical problem to be solved during cutting is the formation and survival of adventitious roots. The formation of adventitious roots is a complicated process which is integrated controlled by scion conditions(variety, gene, endogenous hormone, enzyme activity,nutrients and lignification degree, etc.), environmental conditions(temperature, humidity, light, etc.) and exogenous auxin(species, concentration), it is essential question to adjust the interaction ability and synergistic effect of the internal and external conditions. Therefore, it is of great significance to clarify the rooting mechanism of peach greenwood cutting for promoting the formation of adventitious roots and regulating the environment. This paper comprehensively described the relationship between the formation mechanism of adventitious roots and the internal and external factors in the cutting process of peaches. The optimum physiological state was analyzed to provide theoretical support for accelerating the cutting rooting rate and increasing the survival rate.
引文
[1]张翠玲,姜林,于福顺,等.桃树砧木的研究进展//中国园艺学会桃分会.中国园艺学会桃分会第三届学术研讨会论文集.西安,2011:319-325.
[2]Cochran G W.Propagation of peach from soft-wood cuttings.Pro Amer Soc Hort Sci,1945,46:230-240.
[3]Mehri H,Mhanna K,Soltane A,et al.Performance of olive cuttings(Olea europaea L.)of different cultivars growing in the agro-climatic conditions of Al-Jouf(Saudi Arabia).American Journal of Plant Physiology,2013,8(1):41-49.
[4]Rana R S,Sood K K.Effect of cutting diameter and hormonal application on the propagation of Ficus roxburghii Wall.through branch cuttings.Annals of Forest Research,2012,55(1):69-84.
[5]周艳,李朝蝉,周洪英,等.大白杜鹃扦插繁殖技术研究.种子,2012,31(4):123-126.
[6]叶昌辉,陈廷慧,陈恒恒,等.IBA与NAA对桃金娘扦插繁殖的影响.亚热带植物科学,2017,46(2):185-187.
[7]郑开文,潘季淑.桃扦插繁殖试验初报.北京农业大学学报,1990,16(1):165-169.
[8]Tsipouridis C,Thomidis T,Michailides Z.Influence of some external factors on the rooting of GF677,peach and nectarine shoot hardwood cuttings.Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture,2005,45:107-113.
[9]Dessy S,Radice S,Andorno A,et al.GF655-2 rootstocks:propagation by cuttings with growth regulators and bottom heat.Acta Horticulturae,2004,658:629-635.
[10]Loreti F,Morini F,Grilli A.Rooting response of P.S.B2 and GF677rootstock cuttings.Acta Horticulturae,1985,173:261-269.
[11]Mayer N A,Reighard G L.Peach rootstock propagation under intermittent mist system.Acta Horticulturae,2015,1084:53-62.
[12]魏书,刘以仁,梁应物.桃绿枝扦插繁殖技术研究.果树科学,1994,11(4):247-249.
[13]贾稊,贾稝,贾频,等.桃树绿枝扦插育苗研究.山西农业科学,1986(7):7-9.
[14]Couvillon G A,Erez A.Rooting,survival,and development of several peach cultivars propagated from semi hardwood cutting.HortSciences,1980,15(1):41-43.
[15]靳晨,刘志民,马焕普.桃砧木筑波5号绿枝扦插生根技术研究.北京农学院学报,2006,21(4):5-7.
[16]Markovski A,Popovska M,Gjamovski V.Investigation of the possibility for production of some stone fruit rootstocks by rooting cuttings.Acta Agriculturae Serbica,2015,39:75-83.
[17]杜继煜,白岩,白宝璋.植物的插条繁殖生理.农业与技术,2004(5):96-99.
[18]Rosa G G,Zanandrea I,Mayere N A,et al.Effect of genotype on rooting and acclimatization of semi hardwood cutting of peach rootstocks.Revista de Ciências Agroveterinárias,2017,16(3):449-455.
[19]肖祖飞,谭城城,刘香玉,等.童性、IBA和扦插季节对香樟绿枝扦插生根的影响.江西农业大学学报,2017,39(5):907-912,927.
[20]戴菲,董胜军,单守田,等.不同基质及生长调节剂对山杏扦插生根的影响.北方园艺,2012(13):32-34.
[21]张猛,王丹,任少雄,等.不同基质和植物生长调节剂对费约果嫩枝扦插生根的影响.中国南方果树,2009,35(4):47-49.
[22]刘庆忠,王甲威,张道辉,等.4个甜樱桃矮化砧木绿枝扦插技术研究.中国果树,2011(1):11.
[23]刘明彰,廖康,陈文椒,等.新疆桃的绿枝扦插试验.八一农学院学报,1989(1):17-20.
[24]Timm C R F,Schuch M W,Tomaz Z F P,et al.Rooting of herbaceous mini cuttings of peach rootstock under effect of indole butyric acid(IBA).Semina:Ciências Agrárias,Londrina,2015,36(1):135-140.
[25]林重宏.桃嫩(芽)梢扦插繁殖.中国园艺,1990,36(1):29-35.
[26]Smith N G,Wareing P F.The rooting of actively growing and dormant leafy cuttings in relation to endogenous hormone levels and photoperiod.New Phytol,1972,71:483-500.
[27]NordstrSm A C,Jacobs F A,Eliasson L.Effect of exogenous indole-3-acetic acid and indole-3-butyric acid on internal levels of the respective auxins and their conjugation with aspartic acid during adventitious root formation in peach cutting.Plant Physiology,1991,96(3):856-858.
[28]Tewfic A A.Effect of IBA,planting media and type of cutting on rooting of Nemaguard peach rootstock under Egyptian conditions.Acta Hort,2002,592:169-175.
[29]Tsipouridis C,Thomidis T,Bladenopoulou S.Rhizogenesis of GF677,Early Crest,May Crest and Arm King stem cuttings during the year in relation to carbohydrate and natural hormone content.Sci Hort,2006,108:200-204.
[30]Twokosk T,Takeda F.Rooting response of shoot cuttings from three peach growth habits.Scientia Horticulturae,Amsterdam,2007,115(1):98-100.
[31]Radmann E B,FeijóA R,Goulart R C,et al.Interaction between genotype and AIB in rooting of semi hardwood cuttings of peach rootsocks.Nativa Sinop,2014,2(4):129-133.
[32]Layne D A,Bassi D.The peach botany,production and uses.CABI USA,2008.
[33]赵剑波,姜全,郭继英,等.桃的扦插繁殖技术研究进展.北京农业科学,2002(2):14-17.
[34]Bartolini G.The effect of sampling time on the rooting of peach cuttings from cultivars with different cold requirement.Hort Abst,1980,50(7):5028.
[35]Fachinello J G.Effect of IBA on the rooting of hardwood cuttings of peach cultivars Diamante.Hort Abst,1982,52(12):7765.
[36]弦间洋(吴邦良译).桃树扦插繁殖的研究.国外农学-果树,1989(1):1-6.
[37]Tsipouridis C,Thornitlis T,Lsaztkidis A.Rooting of peach hardwood and semi-hardwood cuttings.Aust J Exp Agric,2003,43:200-204.
[38]Gur A,Altman A,Stern R,et al.Improving routing and survival of softwood peach cuttings.Scientia Horticulturae,1986,30:97-108.
[39]白晓燕,王力荣,王新卫,等.桃砧木组织培养和扦插生根的解剖学观察.果树学报,2015,32(1):74-78.
[40]Gaspar T,Kevers C,Hausman J F.Practical uses of peroxidase activity as a predictive marker of rooting performance of micropropagation shoots.Agronomic,1992(12):757-765.
[41]Evert D R,Smittle D A.Limb girdling influences rooting,survival,total sugar,and starch of dormant hardwood peach cuttings.HortScience,1990,25(10):1224-1226.
[42]Tworkoski T,Takeda F.Rooting response of shoot cuttings from three peach growth habits.Scientia Horticulturae,2007,115(1):98-100.
[43]Tsipouridis C,Thomidis T,Bladenopoulou S.Rhizogenesis of GF677,Early Crest,May Crest and Arm King stem cuttings during the year in relation to carbohydrate and natural hormone content.Scientia Horticulturae,2006,108(2):200-204.
[44]凌志奋,王业遴,马凯,等.桃绿枝气插体内养分变化与生根的关系.江苏农业学报,1995,11(3):36-40.
[45]Rowe D B,Blazich F A,Weir R T.Mineral nutrient and carbohydrate status of loblolly pine during mist propagation as influenced by stock plant nitrogen fertility.HortScience,1999,34(7):1279-1285.
[46]郑均宝.树木的营养繁殖.北京:中国林业出版社,1989:1-28.
[47]曾炳山,黄永芳,杨愁励,等.柚木嫩枝扦插生根过程中营养物质的研究.中南林业科技大学学报,2013,33(2):1-4.
[48]张宜春,刘同仇,谢振翅,等.植物营养原理.北京:农业出版社,1997:430-436,457-462.
[49]张宇和.果树繁殖.上海:上海科学技术出版,1984:69-99.
[50]王文英,翁和录,刑世岩.植物生长调节剂在扦插繁殖中的应用.林业实用技术,2002(7):9-10.
[51]郑均宝,刘玉军,裴保华,等.几种木本植物插穗生根与内源IAA、ABA的关系.植物生理学报,1991,17(3):313-316.
[52]刘关哲,李绪亮,由香玲,等.长白落叶松插穂内源激素变化与不定根产生的关系.东北林业大学学报,2000,28(1):19-20.
[53]肖关丽,杨清辉,李富生,等.甘蔗组培苗继代培养中内源激素与绿苗生根率关系研究.云南农业大学学报,2001,16(4):271-273.
[54]李焕勇,刘涛,张华新,等.植物扦插生根机理研究进展.世界林业研究,2014,27(1):23-28.
[55]曹帮华,扈红军,张大鹏,等.桑树硬枝扦插生根能力及其生根关联酶活性的研究.蚕业科学,2008,34(1):96-100.
[56]黄卓烈,林韶湘.桉树等植物吲哚乙酸氧化酶活性变化与插条生根的比较研究.林业科学研究,1996,9(5):510-516.
[2]Cochran G W.Propagation of peach from soft-wood cuttings.Pro Amer Soc Hort Sci,1945,46:230-240.
[3]Mehri H,Mhanna K,Soltane A,et al.Performance of olive cuttings(Olea europaea L.)of different cultivars growing in the agro-climatic conditions of Al-Jouf(Saudi Arabia).American Journal of Plant Physiology,2013,8(1):41-49.
[4]Rana R S,Sood K K.Effect of cutting diameter and hormonal application on the propagation of Ficus roxburghii Wall.through branch cuttings.Annals of Forest Research,2012,55(1):69-84.
[5]周艳,李朝蝉,周洪英,等.大白杜鹃扦插繁殖技术研究.种子,2012,31(4):123-126.
[6]叶昌辉,陈廷慧,陈恒恒,等.IBA与NAA对桃金娘扦插繁殖的影响.亚热带植物科学,2017,46(2):185-187.
[7]郑开文,潘季淑.桃扦插繁殖试验初报.北京农业大学学报,1990,16(1):165-169.
[8]Tsipouridis C,Thomidis T,Michailides Z.Influence of some external factors on the rooting of GF677,peach and nectarine shoot hardwood cuttings.Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture,2005,45:107-113.
[9]Dessy S,Radice S,Andorno A,et al.GF655-2 rootstocks:propagation by cuttings with growth regulators and bottom heat.Acta Horticulturae,2004,658:629-635.
[10]Loreti F,Morini F,Grilli A.Rooting response of P.S.B2 and GF677rootstock cuttings.Acta Horticulturae,1985,173:261-269.
[11]Mayer N A,Reighard G L.Peach rootstock propagation under intermittent mist system.Acta Horticulturae,2015,1084:53-62.
[12]魏书,刘以仁,梁应物.桃绿枝扦插繁殖技术研究.果树科学,1994,11(4):247-249.
[13]贾稊,贾稝,贾频,等.桃树绿枝扦插育苗研究.山西农业科学,1986(7):7-9.
[14]Couvillon G A,Erez A.Rooting,survival,and development of several peach cultivars propagated from semi hardwood cutting.HortSciences,1980,15(1):41-43.
[15]靳晨,刘志民,马焕普.桃砧木筑波5号绿枝扦插生根技术研究.北京农学院学报,2006,21(4):5-7.
[16]Markovski A,Popovska M,Gjamovski V.Investigation of the possibility for production of some stone fruit rootstocks by rooting cuttings.Acta Agriculturae Serbica,2015,39:75-83.
[17]杜继煜,白岩,白宝璋.植物的插条繁殖生理.农业与技术,2004(5):96-99.
[18]Rosa G G,Zanandrea I,Mayere N A,et al.Effect of genotype on rooting and acclimatization of semi hardwood cutting of peach rootstocks.Revista de Ciências Agroveterinárias,2017,16(3):449-455.
[19]肖祖飞,谭城城,刘香玉,等.童性、IBA和扦插季节对香樟绿枝扦插生根的影响.江西农业大学学报,2017,39(5):907-912,927.
[20]戴菲,董胜军,单守田,等.不同基质及生长调节剂对山杏扦插生根的影响.北方园艺,2012(13):32-34.
[21]张猛,王丹,任少雄,等.不同基质和植物生长调节剂对费约果嫩枝扦插生根的影响.中国南方果树,2009,35(4):47-49.
[22]刘庆忠,王甲威,张道辉,等.4个甜樱桃矮化砧木绿枝扦插技术研究.中国果树,2011(1):11.
[23]刘明彰,廖康,陈文椒,等.新疆桃的绿枝扦插试验.八一农学院学报,1989(1):17-20.
[24]Timm C R F,Schuch M W,Tomaz Z F P,et al.Rooting of herbaceous mini cuttings of peach rootstock under effect of indole butyric acid(IBA).Semina:Ciências Agrárias,Londrina,2015,36(1):135-140.
[25]林重宏.桃嫩(芽)梢扦插繁殖.中国园艺,1990,36(1):29-35.
[26]Smith N G,Wareing P F.The rooting of actively growing and dormant leafy cuttings in relation to endogenous hormone levels and photoperiod.New Phytol,1972,71:483-500.
[27]NordstrSm A C,Jacobs F A,Eliasson L.Effect of exogenous indole-3-acetic acid and indole-3-butyric acid on internal levels of the respective auxins and their conjugation with aspartic acid during adventitious root formation in peach cutting.Plant Physiology,1991,96(3):856-858.
[28]Tewfic A A.Effect of IBA,planting media and type of cutting on rooting of Nemaguard peach rootstock under Egyptian conditions.Acta Hort,2002,592:169-175.
[29]Tsipouridis C,Thomidis T,Bladenopoulou S.Rhizogenesis of GF677,Early Crest,May Crest and Arm King stem cuttings during the year in relation to carbohydrate and natural hormone content.Sci Hort,2006,108:200-204.
[30]Twokosk T,Takeda F.Rooting response of shoot cuttings from three peach growth habits.Scientia Horticulturae,Amsterdam,2007,115(1):98-100.
[31]Radmann E B,FeijóA R,Goulart R C,et al.Interaction between genotype and AIB in rooting of semi hardwood cuttings of peach rootsocks.Nativa Sinop,2014,2(4):129-133.
[32]Layne D A,Bassi D.The peach botany,production and uses.CABI USA,2008.
[33]赵剑波,姜全,郭继英,等.桃的扦插繁殖技术研究进展.北京农业科学,2002(2):14-17.
[34]Bartolini G.The effect of sampling time on the rooting of peach cuttings from cultivars with different cold requirement.Hort Abst,1980,50(7):5028.
[35]Fachinello J G.Effect of IBA on the rooting of hardwood cuttings of peach cultivars Diamante.Hort Abst,1982,52(12):7765.
[36]弦间洋(吴邦良译).桃树扦插繁殖的研究.国外农学-果树,1989(1):1-6.
[37]Tsipouridis C,Thornitlis T,Lsaztkidis A.Rooting of peach hardwood and semi-hardwood cuttings.Aust J Exp Agric,2003,43:200-204.
[38]Gur A,Altman A,Stern R,et al.Improving routing and survival of softwood peach cuttings.Scientia Horticulturae,1986,30:97-108.
[39]白晓燕,王力荣,王新卫,等.桃砧木组织培养和扦插生根的解剖学观察.果树学报,2015,32(1):74-78.
[40]Gaspar T,Kevers C,Hausman J F.Practical uses of peroxidase activity as a predictive marker of rooting performance of micropropagation shoots.Agronomic,1992(12):757-765.
[41]Evert D R,Smittle D A.Limb girdling influences rooting,survival,total sugar,and starch of dormant hardwood peach cuttings.HortScience,1990,25(10):1224-1226.
[42]Tworkoski T,Takeda F.Rooting response of shoot cuttings from three peach growth habits.Scientia Horticulturae,2007,115(1):98-100.
[43]Tsipouridis C,Thomidis T,Bladenopoulou S.Rhizogenesis of GF677,Early Crest,May Crest and Arm King stem cuttings during the year in relation to carbohydrate and natural hormone content.Scientia Horticulturae,2006,108(2):200-204.
[44]凌志奋,王业遴,马凯,等.桃绿枝气插体内养分变化与生根的关系.江苏农业学报,1995,11(3):36-40.
[45]Rowe D B,Blazich F A,Weir R T.Mineral nutrient and carbohydrate status of loblolly pine during mist propagation as influenced by stock plant nitrogen fertility.HortScience,1999,34(7):1279-1285.
[46]郑均宝.树木的营养繁殖.北京:中国林业出版社,1989:1-28.
[47]曾炳山,黄永芳,杨愁励,等.柚木嫩枝扦插生根过程中营养物质的研究.中南林业科技大学学报,2013,33(2):1-4.
[48]张宜春,刘同仇,谢振翅,等.植物营养原理.北京:农业出版社,1997:430-436,457-462.
[49]张宇和.果树繁殖.上海:上海科学技术出版,1984:69-99.
[50]王文英,翁和录,刑世岩.植物生长调节剂在扦插繁殖中的应用.林业实用技术,2002(7):9-10.
[51]郑均宝,刘玉军,裴保华,等.几种木本植物插穗生根与内源IAA、ABA的关系.植物生理学报,1991,17(3):313-316.
[52]刘关哲,李绪亮,由香玲,等.长白落叶松插穂内源激素变化与不定根产生的关系.东北林业大学学报,2000,28(1):19-20.
[53]肖关丽,杨清辉,李富生,等.甘蔗组培苗继代培养中内源激素与绿苗生根率关系研究.云南农业大学学报,2001,16(4):271-273.
[54]李焕勇,刘涛,张华新,等.植物扦插生根机理研究进展.世界林业研究,2014,27(1):23-28.
[55]曹帮华,扈红军,张大鹏,等.桑树硬枝扦插生根能力及其生根关联酶活性的研究.蚕业科学,2008,34(1):96-100.
[56]黄卓烈,林韶湘.桉树等植物吲哚乙酸氧化酶活性变化与插条生根的比较研究.林业科学研究,1996,9(5):510-516.