肝移植治疗儿童重度肝肺综合征一例
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摘要
<正>肝肺综合征(hepatopulmonary syndrome,HPS)是慢性肝病的严重并发症之一,指无心肺基础疾病的肝功能不全患者肺内血管扩张与新生,致气体交换功能障碍而出现严重低氧血症[1-3]。成人肝病患者HPS发病率为1. 3%～32. 0%[3-8],呈渐进性发展,预后较差,且缺乏特异性内科治疗药物,肝移植是目前唯一可能根治HPS并逆转肺部病变的方法。儿童肝病患者亦可发生HPS,发病率为3%～
引文
1 Raevens S,Geerts A,van Steenkiste C,et al.Hepatopulmonary syndrome and portopulmonary hypertension:recent knowledge in pathogenesis and overview of clinical assessment[J].Liver Int,2015,35(6):1646-1660.
2 Tumgor G.Cirrhosis and hepatopulmonary syndrome[J].World JGastroenterol,2014,20(10):2586-2594.
3 Zhang J,Fallon MB.Hepatopulmonary syndrome:update on pathogenesis and clinical features[J].Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol,2012,9(9):539-549.
4 Enache I,Oswald-Mammosser M,Woehl-Jaegle ML,et al.Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy and hepatopulmonary syndrome:prevalence and prognosis in a series of patients[J].Respir Med,2013,107(7):1030-1036.
5 Pascasio JM,Grilo I,López-Pardo FJ,et al.Prevalence and severity of hepatopulmonary syndrome and its influence on survival in cirrhotic patients evaluated for liver transplantation[J].Am J Transplant,2014,14(6):1391-1399.
6 Voiosu AM,Daha IC,Voiosu TA,et al.Prevalence and impact on survival of hepatopulmonary syndrome and cirrhotic cardiomyopathy in a cohort of cirrhotic patients[J].Liver Int,2015,35(12):2547-2555.
7 Younis I,Sarwar S,Butt Z,et al.Clinical characteristics,predictors,and survival among patients with hepatopulmonary syndrome[J].Ann Hepatol,2015,14(3):354-360.
8 Deibert P,Allgaier HP,Loesch S,et al.Hepatopulmonary syndrome in patients with chronic liver disease:role of pulse oximetry[J].BMC Gastroenterol,2006,6:15.
9 Tumgor G,Arikan C,Yuksekkaya HA,et al.Childhood cirrhosis,hepatopulmonary syndrome and liver transplantation[J].Pediatr Transplant,2008,12(3):353-357.
10 Borkar VV,Poddar U,Kapoor A,et al.Hepatopulmonary syndrome in children:a comparative study of non-cirrhotic vs.cirrhotic portal hypertension[J].Liver Int,2015,35(6):1665-1672.
11 Yilmaz C,Onen Z,Farajov R,et al.Live donor liver transplantation for a child presented with severe hepatopulmonary syndrome and nodular liver lesions due to Abernethy malformation[J].Pediatr Transplant,2017,21(2).
12 Al-Hussaini A,Taylor RM,Samyn M,et al.Long-term outcome and management of hepatopulmonary syndrome in children[J].Pediatr Transplant,2010,14(2):276-282.
13 Fallon MB,Krowka MJ,Brown RS,et al.Impact of hepatopulmonary syndrome on quality of life and survival in liver transplant candidates[J].Gastroenterology,2008,135(4):1168-1175.
14 Swanson KL,Wiesner RH,Krowka MJ.Natural history of hepatopulmonary syndrome:Impact of liver transplantation[J].Hepatology,2005,41(5):1122-1129.
15 Iyer VN,Swanson KL,Cartin-Ceba R,et al.Hepatopulmonary syndrome:favorable outcomes in the MELD exception era[J].Hepatology,2013,57(6):2427-2435.
16 Saigal S,Choudhary N,Saraf N,et al.Excellent outcome of living donor liver transplantation in patients with hepatopulmonary syndrome:a single centre experience[J].Clin Transplant,2013,27(4):530-534.
17 Yi HM,Wang GS,Yi SH,et al.Prospective evaluation of postoperative outcome after liver transplantation in hepatopulmonary syndrome patients[J].Chin Med J(Engl),2009,122(21):2598-2602.
18 Deberaldini M,Arcanjo AB,Melo E,et al.Hepatopulmonary syndrome:morbidity and survival after liver transplantation[J].Transplant Proc,2008,40(10):3512-3516.
19 Khan HH,Schroeder L,Fitzpatrick MS,et al.Successful venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for prolonged hepatopulmonary syndrome following pediatric liver transplantation:Acase report and review of the literature[J].Pediatr Transplant,2017,21(7).
20 Schiller O,Avitzur Y,Kadmon G,et al.Nitric oxide for post-livertransplantation hypoxemia in pediatric hepatopulmonary syndrome:case report and review[J].Pediatr Transplant,2011,15(7):E130-E134.
2 Tumgor G.Cirrhosis and hepatopulmonary syndrome[J].World JGastroenterol,2014,20(10):2586-2594.
3 Zhang J,Fallon MB.Hepatopulmonary syndrome:update on pathogenesis and clinical features[J].Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol,2012,9(9):539-549.
4 Enache I,Oswald-Mammosser M,Woehl-Jaegle ML,et al.Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy and hepatopulmonary syndrome:prevalence and prognosis in a series of patients[J].Respir Med,2013,107(7):1030-1036.
5 Pascasio JM,Grilo I,López-Pardo FJ,et al.Prevalence and severity of hepatopulmonary syndrome and its influence on survival in cirrhotic patients evaluated for liver transplantation[J].Am J Transplant,2014,14(6):1391-1399.
6 Voiosu AM,Daha IC,Voiosu TA,et al.Prevalence and impact on survival of hepatopulmonary syndrome and cirrhotic cardiomyopathy in a cohort of cirrhotic patients[J].Liver Int,2015,35(12):2547-2555.
7 Younis I,Sarwar S,Butt Z,et al.Clinical characteristics,predictors,and survival among patients with hepatopulmonary syndrome[J].Ann Hepatol,2015,14(3):354-360.
8 Deibert P,Allgaier HP,Loesch S,et al.Hepatopulmonary syndrome in patients with chronic liver disease:role of pulse oximetry[J].BMC Gastroenterol,2006,6:15.
9 Tumgor G,Arikan C,Yuksekkaya HA,et al.Childhood cirrhosis,hepatopulmonary syndrome and liver transplantation[J].Pediatr Transplant,2008,12(3):353-357.
10 Borkar VV,Poddar U,Kapoor A,et al.Hepatopulmonary syndrome in children:a comparative study of non-cirrhotic vs.cirrhotic portal hypertension[J].Liver Int,2015,35(6):1665-1672.
11 Yilmaz C,Onen Z,Farajov R,et al.Live donor liver transplantation for a child presented with severe hepatopulmonary syndrome and nodular liver lesions due to Abernethy malformation[J].Pediatr Transplant,2017,21(2).
12 Al-Hussaini A,Taylor RM,Samyn M,et al.Long-term outcome and management of hepatopulmonary syndrome in children[J].Pediatr Transplant,2010,14(2):276-282.
13 Fallon MB,Krowka MJ,Brown RS,et al.Impact of hepatopulmonary syndrome on quality of life and survival in liver transplant candidates[J].Gastroenterology,2008,135(4):1168-1175.
14 Swanson KL,Wiesner RH,Krowka MJ.Natural history of hepatopulmonary syndrome:Impact of liver transplantation[J].Hepatology,2005,41(5):1122-1129.
15 Iyer VN,Swanson KL,Cartin-Ceba R,et al.Hepatopulmonary syndrome:favorable outcomes in the MELD exception era[J].Hepatology,2013,57(6):2427-2435.
16 Saigal S,Choudhary N,Saraf N,et al.Excellent outcome of living donor liver transplantation in patients with hepatopulmonary syndrome:a single centre experience[J].Clin Transplant,2013,27(4):530-534.
17 Yi HM,Wang GS,Yi SH,et al.Prospective evaluation of postoperative outcome after liver transplantation in hepatopulmonary syndrome patients[J].Chin Med J(Engl),2009,122(21):2598-2602.
18 Deberaldini M,Arcanjo AB,Melo E,et al.Hepatopulmonary syndrome:morbidity and survival after liver transplantation[J].Transplant Proc,2008,40(10):3512-3516.
19 Khan HH,Schroeder L,Fitzpatrick MS,et al.Successful venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for prolonged hepatopulmonary syndrome following pediatric liver transplantation:Acase report and review of the literature[J].Pediatr Transplant,2017,21(7).
20 Schiller O,Avitzur Y,Kadmon G,et al.Nitric oxide for post-livertransplantation hypoxemia in pediatric hepatopulmonary syndrome:case report and review[J].Pediatr Transplant,2011,15(7):E130-E134.