西部地区城市可持续竞争力评价研究
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摘要
城市可持续竞争力是城市竞争力在时间维度上的拓展,是城市在市场条件下与其他城市的竞争过程中具有获取并长期保持优势地位能力的一种状态。我国西部地区城市可持续竞争力总体较弱,不同省份间城市可持续竞争力差异较大,呈现明显的断层结构;受经济规模和开放水平制约,西部地区城市可持续竞争力不足;西北地区城市生态环境可持续性优于西南地区;社会可持续性则呈现两极分化趋势。当前,以城市群为载体促进大中型城市发展,依托"一带一路"、长江经济带战略提高开放水平,加强保护生态环境,着力缩小城乡差距,是提升西部地区可持续竞争力的关键。
Urban sustainable competitiveness is an expansion of urban competitiveness in the time dimension.It is a state in which the city has the ability to reach and maintain a dominant position for a long period of time in competition with other cities under market conditions.The urban sustainable competitiveness in West China is generally weak.The differences in the sustainable competitiveness of cities between different provinces are relatively large,showing a clear fault structure.Due to the constraints of economic size and opening levels,the competitiveness of cities in the western region is insufficient.The urban ecological environment in the Northwest China is more sustainable than in the Southwest.Social sustainability shows a polarization trend.At present,using urban agglomerations as a carrier to promote the development of large and medium-sized cities,relying on the "One Belt and One Road" strategy to increase the level of openness,strengthen the protection of the ecological environment,and strive to narrow the gap between urban and rural areas are the key to enhancing the sustainable competitiveness of the western region.
Urban sustainable competitiveness is an expansion of urban competitiveness in the time dimension.It is a state in which the city has the ability to reach and maintain a dominant position for a long period of time in competition with other cities under market conditions.The urban sustainable competitiveness in West China is generally weak.The differences in the sustainable competitiveness of cities between different provinces are relatively large,showing a clear fault structure.Due to the constraints of economic size and opening levels,the competitiveness of cities in the western region is insufficient.The urban ecological environment in the Northwest China is more sustainable than in the Southwest.Social sustainability shows a polarization trend.At present,using urban agglomerations as a carrier to promote the development of large and medium-sized cities,relying on the "One Belt and One Road" strategy to increase the level of openness,strengthen the protection of the ecological environment,and strive to narrow the gap between urban and rural areas are the key to enhancing the sustainable competitiveness of the western region.
引文
(1)“竞争的定义”,2017年12月2日,http:∥baike.baidu.com/link?url=HeN uop7HHe37bRNr4x8jcn8zP7zJqLGXNvZC1p_khxf8Rv6E59xWkd9XErAJOVorIt7r5kGcEzOT1_y-LBH8NFlce4RXhvuiczC2Z_SZQta,2018年3月5日。
(2)罗涛、张天海、甘永宏等:《中外城市竞争力理论研究综述》,《国际城市规划》2015年第1期,第7-15页。
(3)Peter Karl Kresl,“The Determinants of Urban Competitiveness:A Survey,”in P.K.Kresl,G.Gappert,eds.,North American Cities and the Global Economy,Thousand Oaks:Sage Publications,1995,pp.45-68.
(4)迈克尔·波特:《国家竞争优势》,李明轩等译,北京:华夏出版社,2002年,第3-4页。
(5)郝寿义、倪鹏飞:《中国城市竞争力研究---以若干城市为例》,《经济科学》1998年第3期,第50-56页;倪鹏飞:《中国城市竞争力的分析范式和概念框架》,《经济学动态》2001年第6期,第14-18页。
(6)I.Begg,“Cities and Competitiveness,”Urban Studies,Vol.36,Nos.5-6,1999,pp.795-809;D.Webster,L.Muller,“Urban Competitiveness Assessment in Developing Country Urban Regions:The Road Forward,”Paper Prepared for Urban Group,INFUD,The World Bank,2000,p.25.
(7)Ian Gordon,“Internationalization and Urban Competition,”Urban Studies,Vol.36,Nos.5-6,1999,pp.1001-1016;Ivan Turok,“Cities,Regions and Competitiveness,”Regional Studies,Vol.38,No.9,1999,pp.1069-1083.
(8)姚士谋、于春、年福华:《城市化问题的深度认识---关于提升南京城市竞争力》,《南京社会科学》2002年增刊,第254-260页。
(1)Audrone Balkyte,Manuela Tvaronaviciene,“Perception of Competitiveness in the Context of Sustainable Development:Facets of‘Sustainable Competitiveness’,”Journal of Business Economics and Management,Vol.11,Iss.2,2010,pp.341-365.
(2)The Global Competitiveness Report 2012-2013,Geneva:World Economic Forum,2013,pp.35-42.
(3)倪鹏飞:《中国城市竞争力2016:新引擎---多中心群网化城市体系》,北京:中国社会科学出版社,2016年,第5页。
(4)Kresl,“The Determinants of Urban Competitiveness:A Survey,”in Kresl,Gappert,eds.,North American Cities and the Global Economy,pp.45-68.
(5)Kresl,“The Determinants of Urban Competitiveness:A Survey,”in Kresl,Gappert,eds.,North American Cities and the Global Economy,pp.45-68.
(6)D.Rondinelli,G.Vastag,“Urban Economic Growth in the 21st Century:Assessing the International Competitiveness of Metropolitan Areas,”R.Bilsborrow,ed.,Migration Urbanization and Development:New Directions and Issues,The Netherlands:Kluwer Academic Publishers,1998,pp.469-514.
(7)Webster,Muller,“Urban Competitiveness Assessment in Developing Country Urban Regions,”p.25.
(8)M.Sotarauta,R.Linnamaa,“Urban Competitiveness and Management of Urban Policy Networks:Some Reflections from Tampere and Oulu,”Paper Presented in Conference on Cities at the Millennium,1998,pp.1-17.
(1)Gordon,“Internationalization and Urban Competition,”pp.1001-1016.
(2)B.Gardiner,R.Martin and P.Tyler,Competitiveness,Productivity and Economic Growth across the European Regions,London:Regional Studies Association's Regional Productivity Forum Seminar,2004,p.50.
(3)迈克尔·波特:《国家竞争优势》,第4页。
(4)尔东:《中国十个最具代表性城市综合实力比较》,《当代经济》2011年第11期,第8页。
(5)倪鹏飞:《中国城市竞争力理论研究与实证分析》,北京:中国经济出版社,2001年,第32页。
(6)北京国际城市发展研究院:《中国城市蓝皮书》,北京:中国时代经济出版,2003年,第52页。
(7)倪鹏飞:《中国城市竞争力报告No.2---定位:让中国城市共赢》,北京:社会科学文献出版社,2004年,第43页。
(8)The Global Competitiveness Report 2012-2013,pp.35-42.
(9)倪鹏飞等:《城市竞争力蓝皮书:中国城市竞争力(No.12)》,北京:社会科学文献出版社,2014年,第52页。
(1)因西藏自治区城市相关数据缺失较多,未纳入本次评价。
(1)重庆作为直辖市,本文将其主城区作为单一城市进行评价,与多个城市的省区间没有可比性,故未将重庆纳入省级层面比较。
(2)罗涛、张天海、甘永宏等:《中外城市竞争力理论研究综述》,《国际城市规划》2015年第1期,第7-15页。
(3)Peter Karl Kresl,“The Determinants of Urban Competitiveness:A Survey,”in P.K.Kresl,G.Gappert,eds.,North American Cities and the Global Economy,Thousand Oaks:Sage Publications,1995,pp.45-68.
(4)迈克尔·波特:《国家竞争优势》,李明轩等译,北京:华夏出版社,2002年,第3-4页。
(5)郝寿义、倪鹏飞:《中国城市竞争力研究---以若干城市为例》,《经济科学》1998年第3期,第50-56页;倪鹏飞:《中国城市竞争力的分析范式和概念框架》,《经济学动态》2001年第6期,第14-18页。
(6)I.Begg,“Cities and Competitiveness,”Urban Studies,Vol.36,Nos.5-6,1999,pp.795-809;D.Webster,L.Muller,“Urban Competitiveness Assessment in Developing Country Urban Regions:The Road Forward,”Paper Prepared for Urban Group,INFUD,The World Bank,2000,p.25.
(7)Ian Gordon,“Internationalization and Urban Competition,”Urban Studies,Vol.36,Nos.5-6,1999,pp.1001-1016;Ivan Turok,“Cities,Regions and Competitiveness,”Regional Studies,Vol.38,No.9,1999,pp.1069-1083.
(8)姚士谋、于春、年福华:《城市化问题的深度认识---关于提升南京城市竞争力》,《南京社会科学》2002年增刊,第254-260页。
(1)Audrone Balkyte,Manuela Tvaronaviciene,“Perception of Competitiveness in the Context of Sustainable Development:Facets of‘Sustainable Competitiveness’,”Journal of Business Economics and Management,Vol.11,Iss.2,2010,pp.341-365.
(2)The Global Competitiveness Report 2012-2013,Geneva:World Economic Forum,2013,pp.35-42.
(3)倪鹏飞:《中国城市竞争力2016:新引擎---多中心群网化城市体系》,北京:中国社会科学出版社,2016年,第5页。
(4)Kresl,“The Determinants of Urban Competitiveness:A Survey,”in Kresl,Gappert,eds.,North American Cities and the Global Economy,pp.45-68.
(5)Kresl,“The Determinants of Urban Competitiveness:A Survey,”in Kresl,Gappert,eds.,North American Cities and the Global Economy,pp.45-68.
(6)D.Rondinelli,G.Vastag,“Urban Economic Growth in the 21st Century:Assessing the International Competitiveness of Metropolitan Areas,”R.Bilsborrow,ed.,Migration Urbanization and Development:New Directions and Issues,The Netherlands:Kluwer Academic Publishers,1998,pp.469-514.
(7)Webster,Muller,“Urban Competitiveness Assessment in Developing Country Urban Regions,”p.25.
(8)M.Sotarauta,R.Linnamaa,“Urban Competitiveness and Management of Urban Policy Networks:Some Reflections from Tampere and Oulu,”Paper Presented in Conference on Cities at the Millennium,1998,pp.1-17.
(1)Gordon,“Internationalization and Urban Competition,”pp.1001-1016.
(2)B.Gardiner,R.Martin and P.Tyler,Competitiveness,Productivity and Economic Growth across the European Regions,London:Regional Studies Association's Regional Productivity Forum Seminar,2004,p.50.
(3)迈克尔·波特:《国家竞争优势》,第4页。
(4)尔东:《中国十个最具代表性城市综合实力比较》,《当代经济》2011年第11期,第8页。
(5)倪鹏飞:《中国城市竞争力理论研究与实证分析》,北京:中国经济出版社,2001年,第32页。
(6)北京国际城市发展研究院:《中国城市蓝皮书》,北京:中国时代经济出版,2003年,第52页。
(7)倪鹏飞:《中国城市竞争力报告No.2---定位:让中国城市共赢》,北京:社会科学文献出版社,2004年,第43页。
(8)The Global Competitiveness Report 2012-2013,pp.35-42.
(9)倪鹏飞等:《城市竞争力蓝皮书:中国城市竞争力(No.12)》,北京:社会科学文献出版社,2014年,第52页。
(1)因西藏自治区城市相关数据缺失较多,未纳入本次评价。
(1)重庆作为直辖市,本文将其主城区作为单一城市进行评价,与多个城市的省区间没有可比性,故未将重庆纳入省级层面比较。