海洋时空基准网的进展与趋势
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摘要
全球时空基准网是获取地球时空信息的基础设施,它包括地基时空基准网、空间时空基准网和海洋时空基准网3个部分,其中海洋时空基准网的建设尚属起步阶段。先就海洋时空基准网的概念及内涵进行了分析,并从海洋定位导航基准、高精度海洋水平及垂直定位基准等角度介绍并分析了其发展现状及未来趋势。海洋时空基准网的主要构建方式是综合运用GNSS(Global Navigation Satellite System)卫星定位、水下声学定位以及压力传感器等技术将全球统一的时空基准传递到海洋表层、内部和底部。它的建设在我国还属于空白,故需结合国情、配合国家战略规划大力推进;指出当前全球和各国海洋环境监测的需求普遍甚旺,而现有海洋环境监测网多为局域网络,未与时空基准网融合,故海洋环境缓变或快变的时空位置不清楚或不精确,因此,将海洋时空基准网与海洋环境监测网融合起来建设,实现效益、效率和功能的互补提升,显得尤为重要和紧迫。在此基础上还认为,融合后的海洋时空基准网与环境监测网加上通信和数据交换功能,以实现海洋环境精准监测并进行海洋信息传输的目的,进而逐渐推进以形成具有时空位置属性的全球性海洋环境感知认知网络,即为海洋物联网。进一步探讨设想:将海洋物联网与海底通信光缆链接起来,同时通过海面浮标观测舱与通信卫星链接起来,就构成了有时空位置属性的海洋互联网。最后认为,我国应加快建立以中国周边海域为主的精密动态海洋时空基准和环境监测网,并通过国际合作开展全球性海洋时空基准与环境监测网的布设。
Global space-time frame network is an infrastructure to acquire space-time information of the earth. It consists of three parts: ground, space and marine frame networks. Among them, the marine space-time frame network still sees its construction in an initial stage. This paper firstly defines the concept and connotation of marine space-time frame network and analyzes its development status quo and future trends from perspectives of marine positioning and navigation reference frame stations, and high-precision marine horizontal and vertical positioning reference frame stations. The major construction method of marine frame network is comprehensively utilizing GNSS(global navigation satellite system) positioning, underwater acoustic positioning and pressure sensor technologies to deliver the global unified space-time frame to surface layer, inside and bottom of the ocean. The construction of marine space-time frame network is still absent in China, so it should be pushed forward vigorously based on national realities and strategic planning. This paper points out: There is a universally great demand for global and national marine environment monitoring. However, the existing marine environment monitoring networks are mostly local networks and not integrated with space-time frame network, so space-time locations, changed slowly or rapidly, of marine environment cannot be clearly or accurately acquired. Therefore, it becomes imperative to integrate the construction of marine space-time frame network and marine environment monitoring network so as to achieve complementary improvement of benefits, efficiency and functions. Based on above mentioned, this paper deems that integrated marine frame network and marine environment monitoring network together with communication and data exchange functions can achieve the purpose of accurate marine environment monitoring and marine information transmission, and then with advancing gradually, global marine environment sensing and perceiving network with space-time location attributes i.e. Marine Internet of Things can be formed. Furthermore, this paper discusses assumptions: Marine Internet with space-time location attributes can be formed by linking Marine Internet of Things with seafloor communication cable and to communication satellites through buoy observation cabins on ocean surface. At last, this paper puts forward the opinion that China should accelerate its construction of a precise dynamic marine space-time frame and environment monitoring network that mainly focuses on its surrounding sea areas, and establish global marine space-time frame and environment monitoring network through conduction international cooperation.
Global space-time frame network is an infrastructure to acquire space-time information of the earth. It consists of three parts: ground, space and marine frame networks. Among them, the marine space-time frame network still sees its construction in an initial stage. This paper firstly defines the concept and connotation of marine space-time frame network and analyzes its development status quo and future trends from perspectives of marine positioning and navigation reference frame stations, and high-precision marine horizontal and vertical positioning reference frame stations. The major construction method of marine frame network is comprehensively utilizing GNSS(global navigation satellite system) positioning, underwater acoustic positioning and pressure sensor technologies to deliver the global unified space-time frame to surface layer, inside and bottom of the ocean. The construction of marine space-time frame network is still absent in China, so it should be pushed forward vigorously based on national realities and strategic planning. This paper points out: There is a universally great demand for global and national marine environment monitoring. However, the existing marine environment monitoring networks are mostly local networks and not integrated with space-time frame network, so space-time locations, changed slowly or rapidly, of marine environment cannot be clearly or accurately acquired. Therefore, it becomes imperative to integrate the construction of marine space-time frame network and marine environment monitoring network so as to achieve complementary improvement of benefits, efficiency and functions. Based on above mentioned, this paper deems that integrated marine frame network and marine environment monitoring network together with communication and data exchange functions can achieve the purpose of accurate marine environment monitoring and marine information transmission, and then with advancing gradually, global marine environment sensing and perceiving network with space-time location attributes i.e. Marine Internet of Things can be formed. Furthermore, this paper discusses assumptions: Marine Internet with space-time location attributes can be formed by linking Marine Internet of Things with seafloor communication cable and to communication satellites through buoy observation cabins on ocean surface. At last, this paper puts forward the opinion that China should accelerate its construction of a precise dynamic marine space-time frame and environment monitoring network that mainly focuses on its surrounding sea areas, and establish global marine space-time frame and environment monitoring network through conduction international cooperation.
引文
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