云南高黎贡山10种高山雀形目鸟类卵壳显微结构观察
|
摘要
对高黎贡山高山采集的10种雀形目鸟类卵壳进行扫描电镜观察,分析鸟类物种间卵壳显微结构特征差异,探讨鸟卵显微结构特征和筑巢位置的关系。结果表明:卵壳均是由表面结晶层、栅栏层、锥体层和壳膜层构成,但是表层上的透明保护膜只在火尾绿鹛、异色树莺、火尾太阳鸟和白眉林鸲上具有,其余6种没有;火尾太阳鸟和火尾绿鹛的乳锥形状在孵化后均呈不规则状,说明这一显微结构在孵化前才有可比性;卵壳的厚度、表面气孔和蜂窝小孔孔径等可量性特征存在种间差异,树上营巢的鸟类蜂窝小孔孔径显著大于地面营巢的鸟类,而地面营巢的鸟类壳膜纤维直径和壳膜纤维密度均显著高于树上营巢鸟类;这10种鸟类的卵壳蜂窝小孔孔径与热带鸟类相当,推测与高黎贡山降雨充沛、空气湿度大有关。
We focused on 10 spp. of passerine birds that breed in the alpine habitat of Mt. Gaoligong and use scanning electron microscope to characterize eggshell ultrastructures,and the relationship between the eggshell ultrastructures and nesting position was discussed. We found that the eggshells were composed similarly, they were all characterized by crystalline, palisade, and mammillary layers as well as a shell membrane. Four of the 10 species had additional materials covering the crystalline layer. We found that the mammilary core structures of Aethopyga ignicauda and Myzornis pyrrhoura changed after the completing of incubation, indicating that comparisons of the mammilary cores could only be made on samples collected before hatching. The eggshell thickness, surface pore and vesicles were different among species.We found that tree-nesting species tend to have larger vesicles than ground-nesting species. Conversely, ground-nesting species have denser and thinner-diameter membrane fibers. The vesicles of these 10 passerine species were similar to that of tropical birds. It is speculated that this is related to the abundant rainfall and high air humidity in Mt. Gaoligong.
We focused on 10 spp. of passerine birds that breed in the alpine habitat of Mt. Gaoligong and use scanning electron microscope to characterize eggshell ultrastructures,and the relationship between the eggshell ultrastructures and nesting position was discussed. We found that the eggshells were composed similarly, they were all characterized by crystalline, palisade, and mammillary layers as well as a shell membrane. Four of the 10 species had additional materials covering the crystalline layer. We found that the mammilary core structures of Aethopyga ignicauda and Myzornis pyrrhoura changed after the completing of incubation, indicating that comparisons of the mammilary cores could only be made on samples collected before hatching. The eggshell thickness, surface pore and vesicles were different among species.We found that tree-nesting species tend to have larger vesicles than ground-nesting species. Conversely, ground-nesting species have denser and thinner-diameter membrane fibers. The vesicles of these 10 passerine species were similar to that of tropical birds. It is speculated that this is related to the abundant rainfall and high air humidity in Mt. Gaoligong.
引文
[1]黎红辉,刘志玲.白枕鹤、东方白鹳、雪雁卵壳的超微结构[J].湖南师范大学学报(自然科学版),2003,26(1):69-72.
[2]常崇艳,张正旺,陈晓端,等.白冠长尾雉(Syrmaticus reevesii)卵壳的超微结构及元素组成研究[J].北京师范大学学报(自然科学版),2006,42(1):78-82.
[3]Ar A,Rahn H.Pores in avian eggshell:gas conductance,gas exchange and embryonic growth rate[J].Respiration Physiology,1985,61(1):1-20.
[4]赛道建,孙京田,李六文,等.3种海鸟卵壳的超微结构和无机成分的研究[J].动物学杂志,1997,32(1):33-36.
[5]常崇艳,张正旺,吴秀山,等.哈曼马鸡卵壳的超微结构和元素成分[J].动物学研究,2000,21(5):383-386.
[6]Castilla A M,Herrel A,Robles H,et al.The effect of developmental stage on eggshell thickness variation in endangered falcon[J].Zoology,2010,113(3):184-188.
[7]Stoddard M C,Yong E H,Akkaynak D,et al.Avian egg shape form,function,and evolution[J].Science,2017,356(6344):1249-1254.
[8]Grzegorz O,Lucyna H,Ewelina K,et al.Shell thinning due to embryo development in eggs of a small passerine bird[J].Journal of Ornithology,2015,157(2):565-572.
[9]赛道建,李六文,刘林英,等.白额鹱卵壳的扫描电镜观察[J].动物学研究,1996,17(1):23-26.
[10]麻常昕,周同,陈小麟,等.岩鹭卵壳的超微结构及其元素组成[J].电子显微学报,2006,25(5):440-444.
[11]乔建芳,高行宜.波斑鸨与大鸨卵壳的超微结构比较[J].动物学研究,2000,21(6):463-467.
[12]孙嘉辰,曹伊凡,赵亮.高寒草甸常见雀形目鸟类的卵壳特征[J].动物学杂志,2014,49(6):841-851.
[13]Birchard G F,Deeming D C.Avian eggshell thickness:scaling and maximum body mass in birds[J].Journal of Zoology,2009,279(1):95-101.
[14]吴新然,周用武,罗旭.白尾梢虹雉与血雉卵壳显微结构比较[J].西南林业大学学报(自然科学),2017,37(6):124-128.
[15]Tullett S G,Board R G.Determinants of avian eggshell porosity[J].Journal of Zoology,1977,183(2):203-211.
[16]Carey C.Structural and physiological differences between montane and lowland avian eggs and embryos[J].Journal of Biosciences,1994,19(4):429-440.
[17]Becking J H.The ultrastructure of the avian eggshell[J].The Ibis,1975,117(2):143-152.
[18]Board R G.Properties of avian egg shells and their adaptive value[J].Biological Reviews,1982,57(1):1-28.
[19]王佳月,唐思贤,王洁,等.四种鸟类卵壳的扫描电镜观察[J].华东师范大学学报(自然科学版),2007(2):65-71.
[20]Birchard G F,Kilgore Jr D L.Conductance of water vapor in eggs of burrowing and nonburrowing birds:implications for embryonic gas exchange[J].Physiological Zoology,1980,53(3):284-292.
[21]Hargitai R,Mateo R,János T.Shell thickness and pore density in relation to shell colouration,female characteristics,and environmental factors in the Collared Flycatcher Ficedula albicollis[J].Journal of Ornithology,2011,152(3):579-588.
[22]Ivy C M,Scott G R.Control of breathing and the circulation in high-altitude mammals and birds[J].Comparative Biochemistry&Physiology Part A Molecular&Integrative Physiology,2015,186:66-74.
[23]刘力华,陈晓澄,褚晖,等.高寒草甸常见雀形目鸟类共存机制的生态形态学解释[J].动物学研究,2013,34(3):160-165.
[24]Badyaev A V,Ghalambor C K.Evolution of life histories along elevational gradients:trade-off between parental care and fecundity[J].Ecology,2001,82(10):2948-2960.
[25]Rahn H,Carey C,Balmas K,et al.Reduction of pore area of the avian eggshell as an adaptation to altitude[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,1977,74(7):3095-3098.
[26]Stein L R,Badyaev A V.Evolution of eggshell structure during rapid range expansion in a passerine bird[J].Functional Ecology,2011,25(6):1215-1222.
[27]薛纪如.高黎贡山国家自然保护区[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1995.
[28]蒋爱伍,刘迺发,李晓东,等.弄岗穗鹛卵壳的超微结构及部分元素组成的初步研究[J].四川动物,2013,32(1):86-89.
[29]Jia C X,Sun Y H,Swenson J E.Unusual incubation behavior and embryonic tolerance of hypothermia by the Blood Pheasant(Ithaginis cruentus)[J].Auk,2010,127:926-931.
[30]Liang D,Gao G,Han L X,et al.Breeding biology of Fire-Tailed Myzornis(Myzornis pyrrhoura)in an alpine environment in Southwestern China[J].Wilson Journal of Ornithology,2017,129(3):568-575.
[31]Liang D,Gao G,Pagani-Nú?ez E,et al.Incubation behavior of a high-altitude species:the Fire-tailed Sunbird Aethopyga ingicauda[J].Bird Study,2018:1-5.
[32]Robson C.Family Turdidae(Thrushes)[M]//del Hoyo J,Elliot A,Christie D A.Handbook of the birds of the world:Vol.10.Barcelona:Lynx Edicions,2005.
[2]常崇艳,张正旺,陈晓端,等.白冠长尾雉(Syrmaticus reevesii)卵壳的超微结构及元素组成研究[J].北京师范大学学报(自然科学版),2006,42(1):78-82.
[3]Ar A,Rahn H.Pores in avian eggshell:gas conductance,gas exchange and embryonic growth rate[J].Respiration Physiology,1985,61(1):1-20.
[4]赛道建,孙京田,李六文,等.3种海鸟卵壳的超微结构和无机成分的研究[J].动物学杂志,1997,32(1):33-36.
[5]常崇艳,张正旺,吴秀山,等.哈曼马鸡卵壳的超微结构和元素成分[J].动物学研究,2000,21(5):383-386.
[6]Castilla A M,Herrel A,Robles H,et al.The effect of developmental stage on eggshell thickness variation in endangered falcon[J].Zoology,2010,113(3):184-188.
[7]Stoddard M C,Yong E H,Akkaynak D,et al.Avian egg shape form,function,and evolution[J].Science,2017,356(6344):1249-1254.
[8]Grzegorz O,Lucyna H,Ewelina K,et al.Shell thinning due to embryo development in eggs of a small passerine bird[J].Journal of Ornithology,2015,157(2):565-572.
[9]赛道建,李六文,刘林英,等.白额鹱卵壳的扫描电镜观察[J].动物学研究,1996,17(1):23-26.
[10]麻常昕,周同,陈小麟,等.岩鹭卵壳的超微结构及其元素组成[J].电子显微学报,2006,25(5):440-444.
[11]乔建芳,高行宜.波斑鸨与大鸨卵壳的超微结构比较[J].动物学研究,2000,21(6):463-467.
[12]孙嘉辰,曹伊凡,赵亮.高寒草甸常见雀形目鸟类的卵壳特征[J].动物学杂志,2014,49(6):841-851.
[13]Birchard G F,Deeming D C.Avian eggshell thickness:scaling and maximum body mass in birds[J].Journal of Zoology,2009,279(1):95-101.
[14]吴新然,周用武,罗旭.白尾梢虹雉与血雉卵壳显微结构比较[J].西南林业大学学报(自然科学),2017,37(6):124-128.
[15]Tullett S G,Board R G.Determinants of avian eggshell porosity[J].Journal of Zoology,1977,183(2):203-211.
[16]Carey C.Structural and physiological differences between montane and lowland avian eggs and embryos[J].Journal of Biosciences,1994,19(4):429-440.
[17]Becking J H.The ultrastructure of the avian eggshell[J].The Ibis,1975,117(2):143-152.
[18]Board R G.Properties of avian egg shells and their adaptive value[J].Biological Reviews,1982,57(1):1-28.
[19]王佳月,唐思贤,王洁,等.四种鸟类卵壳的扫描电镜观察[J].华东师范大学学报(自然科学版),2007(2):65-71.
[20]Birchard G F,Kilgore Jr D L.Conductance of water vapor in eggs of burrowing and nonburrowing birds:implications for embryonic gas exchange[J].Physiological Zoology,1980,53(3):284-292.
[21]Hargitai R,Mateo R,János T.Shell thickness and pore density in relation to shell colouration,female characteristics,and environmental factors in the Collared Flycatcher Ficedula albicollis[J].Journal of Ornithology,2011,152(3):579-588.
[22]Ivy C M,Scott G R.Control of breathing and the circulation in high-altitude mammals and birds[J].Comparative Biochemistry&Physiology Part A Molecular&Integrative Physiology,2015,186:66-74.
[23]刘力华,陈晓澄,褚晖,等.高寒草甸常见雀形目鸟类共存机制的生态形态学解释[J].动物学研究,2013,34(3):160-165.
[24]Badyaev A V,Ghalambor C K.Evolution of life histories along elevational gradients:trade-off between parental care and fecundity[J].Ecology,2001,82(10):2948-2960.
[25]Rahn H,Carey C,Balmas K,et al.Reduction of pore area of the avian eggshell as an adaptation to altitude[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,1977,74(7):3095-3098.
[26]Stein L R,Badyaev A V.Evolution of eggshell structure during rapid range expansion in a passerine bird[J].Functional Ecology,2011,25(6):1215-1222.
[27]薛纪如.高黎贡山国家自然保护区[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1995.
[28]蒋爱伍,刘迺发,李晓东,等.弄岗穗鹛卵壳的超微结构及部分元素组成的初步研究[J].四川动物,2013,32(1):86-89.
[29]Jia C X,Sun Y H,Swenson J E.Unusual incubation behavior and embryonic tolerance of hypothermia by the Blood Pheasant(Ithaginis cruentus)[J].Auk,2010,127:926-931.
[30]Liang D,Gao G,Han L X,et al.Breeding biology of Fire-Tailed Myzornis(Myzornis pyrrhoura)in an alpine environment in Southwestern China[J].Wilson Journal of Ornithology,2017,129(3):568-575.
[31]Liang D,Gao G,Pagani-Nú?ez E,et al.Incubation behavior of a high-altitude species:the Fire-tailed Sunbird Aethopyga ingicauda[J].Bird Study,2018:1-5.
[32]Robson C.Family Turdidae(Thrushes)[M]//del Hoyo J,Elliot A,Christie D A.Handbook of the birds of the world:Vol.10.Barcelona:Lynx Edicions,2005.