基于网络关系的制造企业知识管理方法研究
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摘要
[目的/意义]知识经济时代,单个企业竞争转向企业网络竞争,优化网络关系提升知识管理水平成为制造企业当前重要战略任务。[方法/过程]在揭示制造企业网络关系、知识管理内涵与构成维度基础上,分析了互惠、联结对知识获取、转移与创新的影响。根据理论分析,提出基于互惠的促进资源流动、提升网络开放性、增强合作意愿、增加转移价值、衍生同伴压力、缩短权利距离、减少专用投资、拓展外溢知识等知识管理方法;提出基于联结的降低机会主义、强化隐性知识、减少冲突、形成共识与心理契约、学习模仿、促进社会化与标准化的知识管理方法。[结果/结论]综上设计了基于网络关系的知识管理模型,研究可为制造企业优化网络关系、有效开展知识管理提供决策参考。
[Purpose/Significance]In knowledge economic era,the competition of single enterprise turns to be the competition among enterprises network,optimizing network relationship and enhancing knowledge management level become the significant strategic tasks for manufacturing enterprise.[Method/Process]Based on the analysis of manufacturing network relation and knowledge management connotation and components,network member reciprocity and connection influence on knowledge obtaining,transferring and innovation are discovered.According to the theoretical analysis,knowledge management methods based on reciprocity are brought forward to accelerate resource flow,enhance network openness,strengthen cooperating willingness,increase transferring value,derive partner pressure,shorten power distance,decrease special input and enlarge spillover knowledge; and then the knowledge management methods based on connection are also brought forward to decrease opportunistic behavior,strengthen tactic knowledge,reduce conflicts,form consensus viewpoints,establish psychological contract,and learn and imitate to promote socialization and standardization,etc.[Result/Conclusion]Accordingly,a knowledge management model was designed based on network,the research of which can offer decision supports for manufacturing enterprises to optimize network relationship and manage knowledge effectively.
[Purpose/Significance]In knowledge economic era,the competition of single enterprise turns to be the competition among enterprises network,optimizing network relationship and enhancing knowledge management level become the significant strategic tasks for manufacturing enterprise.[Method/Process]Based on the analysis of manufacturing network relation and knowledge management connotation and components,network member reciprocity and connection influence on knowledge obtaining,transferring and innovation are discovered.According to the theoretical analysis,knowledge management methods based on reciprocity are brought forward to accelerate resource flow,enhance network openness,strengthen cooperating willingness,increase transferring value,derive partner pressure,shorten power distance,decrease special input and enlarge spillover knowledge; and then the knowledge management methods based on connection are also brought forward to decrease opportunistic behavior,strengthen tactic knowledge,reduce conflicts,form consensus viewpoints,establish psychological contract,and learn and imitate to promote socialization and standardization,etc.[Result/Conclusion]Accordingly,a knowledge management model was designed based on network,the research of which can offer decision supports for manufacturing enterprises to optimize network relationship and manage knowledge effectively.
引文
[1]蒋楠,赵嵩正,吴楠.服务型制造企业服务提供、知识共创与服务创新绩效[J].科研管理,2016(6):57-64.
[2]吕兴群,蔡莉.知识获取对新企业创新绩效的影响研究[J].求是学刊,2016(3):79-87.
[3]尹洁,李锋,葛世伦,等.RP实施顾问向关键用户知识转移影响因素研究——基于制造企业的实证分析[J].科学学研究,2011(1):112-130.
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[5]疏礼兵,胡赤弟.面向业务流程的现代制造企业流程知识创新与管理策略研究[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2012(4):75-79.
[6]张惠,邱清盈,冯培恩,等.产品专利设计知识获取方法研究[J].哈尔滨工程大学学报,2009(7):785-791.
[7]姜黎辉.服务转型背景下制造企业知识管理架构与流程研究[J].科技管理研究,2016(2):145-152.
[8]余维臻,李文杰,黄秋波.制造企业服务创新过程中核心知识及量表开发研究[J].科研管理,2014(12):145-151.
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[10]Perks D,Jeffery R.Global network configuration for innovation:a study of international fibre innovation[J].R&D M anagement,2006,36(1):67-83.
[11]Granovertter M.The strength of weak ties[J].American journal of sociology,1973,78(6):1360-1380.
[12]Tiehy N L,Tushman M L,Charles F.Social network analysis for organizations[J].Academy of M anagement Review,1979,4(4):507-519.
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[14]Hoffmann W H.Strategies for managing a portfolio of alliances[J].Strategic Management Journal,2007,28(6):827-856.
[15]Burt R.S.Structural holes and good ideas[J].American Journal of Sociology,2004,11(2):349-399.
[16]范钧,郭立强,聂津君.网络能力、组织隐性知识获取与突破性创新绩效[J].科研管理,2014(1):16-24.
[17]徐建锁,王正欧.基于知识链和DEA方法的管理策略研究[J].情报科学,2003,21(7):688-690.
[18]Parikh M.Knowledge management framework for high tech research and development[J].Engineering M anagement Journal,2001,13(3):27-34.
[19]Chandler G N,Lyon D W.Involvement in knowledge-acquisition activities by venture team members and venture performance[J].Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,2009,33(3):571-592.
[20]Argote L,Ingram P.Knowledge transfer:A basis for competitive advantage in firms[J].Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes,2000,82(1):150-169.
[21]陈力,鲁若愚.企业知识整合研究[J].科研管理,2003,24(3):32-38.
[22]张同建.互惠性偏好、知识转移与核心能力培育的相关性研究[J].研究与发展管理,2010,22(4):47-52.
[23]尤成德.企业家关系网络与组织知识获取:管制政策的权变影响[J].情报杂志,2016,35(6):195-201.
[24]Li W,Humphreys P K,Yeung A C L,etr al.The impact of specific supplier development efforts on buyer competitive advantage:An empirical model.International Journal of Production Economics,2007,106(1):230-247.
[25]Lin J L,Fang S-C,Fang S-R V,et al.Network embeddedness and technology transfer performance in R&D consortia in Taiwan[J].Technovation,2009,29(11):763-774.
[26]Mu J,C A D Benedetto.Strategic orientations and new product commercialization:Mediator,moderator,and interplay[J].R&D Management,2011,41(4):337-359.
[27]Goh S K,Sandhu M S.Affiliation reciprocal relationships and peer pressure in knowledge sharing in public universities in Malaysia[J].Asian Social Science,2013,9(7):290.
[28]胡远华,王艳洁.人际网络、互惠规范与知识转移的理论关系探析[J].未来与发展,2014(11):34-39.
[29]Cools E,Vanden B H.Development and validation of the cognitive style indicators[J].Journal of Psychology,2007,141(4):359-387.
[30]李子叶,冯根福.组织内部知识转移机制、组织结构与创新绩效的关系[J].经济管理,2013(1):130-140.
[31]张建华.知识管理中的知识进化绩效评价机制研究[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2013,34(8):28-37.
[32]谢洪明,任艳艳.网络互惠程度与企业管理创新关系研究——基于学习能力和成员集聚度的视角[J].科研管理,2014,35(1):90-97.
[2]吕兴群,蔡莉.知识获取对新企业创新绩效的影响研究[J].求是学刊,2016(3):79-87.
[3]尹洁,李锋,葛世伦,等.RP实施顾问向关键用户知识转移影响因素研究——基于制造企业的实证分析[J].科学学研究,2011(1):112-130.
[4]李随成,高攀.影响制造企业知识获取的探索性因素研究——供应商网络视角[J].科学学研究,2010(10):1540-1546.
[5]疏礼兵,胡赤弟.面向业务流程的现代制造企业流程知识创新与管理策略研究[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2012(4):75-79.
[6]张惠,邱清盈,冯培恩,等.产品专利设计知识获取方法研究[J].哈尔滨工程大学学报,2009(7):785-791.
[7]姜黎辉.服务转型背景下制造企业知识管理架构与流程研究[J].科技管理研究,2016(2):145-152.
[8]余维臻,李文杰,黄秋波.制造企业服务创新过程中核心知识及量表开发研究[J].科研管理,2014(12):145-151.
[9]Zahra S A.,Ireland R D,Hitt M A.International expansion by new venture firms:International diversity,mode of market entry,technological learning,and performance[J].Academy of M anagement Journal,2000,43(5):925-950.
[10]Perks D,Jeffery R.Global network configuration for innovation:a study of international fibre innovation[J].R&D M anagement,2006,36(1):67-83.
[11]Granovertter M.The strength of weak ties[J].American journal of sociology,1973,78(6):1360-1380.
[12]Tiehy N L,Tushman M L,Charles F.Social network analysis for organizations[J].Academy of M anagement Review,1979,4(4):507-519.
[13]Andersson U,Frouperson M,Holm U.The strategic impact of external netw orks:Subsidiary performance and competence development in the multinational corporation[J].Strategic M anagement Journal,2002,23(11):979-996.
[14]Hoffmann W H.Strategies for managing a portfolio of alliances[J].Strategic Management Journal,2007,28(6):827-856.
[15]Burt R.S.Structural holes and good ideas[J].American Journal of Sociology,2004,11(2):349-399.
[16]范钧,郭立强,聂津君.网络能力、组织隐性知识获取与突破性创新绩效[J].科研管理,2014(1):16-24.
[17]徐建锁,王正欧.基于知识链和DEA方法的管理策略研究[J].情报科学,2003,21(7):688-690.
[18]Parikh M.Knowledge management framework for high tech research and development[J].Engineering M anagement Journal,2001,13(3):27-34.
[19]Chandler G N,Lyon D W.Involvement in knowledge-acquisition activities by venture team members and venture performance[J].Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,2009,33(3):571-592.
[20]Argote L,Ingram P.Knowledge transfer:A basis for competitive advantage in firms[J].Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes,2000,82(1):150-169.
[21]陈力,鲁若愚.企业知识整合研究[J].科研管理,2003,24(3):32-38.
[22]张同建.互惠性偏好、知识转移与核心能力培育的相关性研究[J].研究与发展管理,2010,22(4):47-52.
[23]尤成德.企业家关系网络与组织知识获取:管制政策的权变影响[J].情报杂志,2016,35(6):195-201.
[24]Li W,Humphreys P K,Yeung A C L,etr al.The impact of specific supplier development efforts on buyer competitive advantage:An empirical model.International Journal of Production Economics,2007,106(1):230-247.
[25]Lin J L,Fang S-C,Fang S-R V,et al.Network embeddedness and technology transfer performance in R&D consortia in Taiwan[J].Technovation,2009,29(11):763-774.
[26]Mu J,C A D Benedetto.Strategic orientations and new product commercialization:Mediator,moderator,and interplay[J].R&D Management,2011,41(4):337-359.
[27]Goh S K,Sandhu M S.Affiliation reciprocal relationships and peer pressure in knowledge sharing in public universities in Malaysia[J].Asian Social Science,2013,9(7):290.
[28]胡远华,王艳洁.人际网络、互惠规范与知识转移的理论关系探析[J].未来与发展,2014(11):34-39.
[29]Cools E,Vanden B H.Development and validation of the cognitive style indicators[J].Journal of Psychology,2007,141(4):359-387.
[30]李子叶,冯根福.组织内部知识转移机制、组织结构与创新绩效的关系[J].经济管理,2013(1):130-140.
[31]张建华.知识管理中的知识进化绩效评价机制研究[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2013,34(8):28-37.
[32]谢洪明,任艳艳.网络互惠程度与企业管理创新关系研究——基于学习能力和成员集聚度的视角[J].科研管理,2014,35(1):90-97.