佛山市“三生”用地演变及其驱动因素分析
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摘要
本文以佛山市为例,利用1990、2000和2016年3期遥感解译数据,建立了基于主导功能的"三生"用地分类体系,借助基尼系数、ESDA、景观格局指数、主成分分析法等方法揭示了经济快速发展地区"三生"用地的演变特征与驱动因素。结果表明:1)1990—2016年,佛山市"三生"用地发生变化面积为1 426.53km2,占土地总面积的37.56%,生活用地持续增加,生产用地显著减少,生态用地保持稳定;2)佛山市生产用地的镇域分布最为均匀,生活用地、生态用地分布差异较大;1990—2016年,生产用地增加、生活用地减少、生态用地增加与减少的全局Moran’s I指数分别为0.212 1、0.144 0、0.401 5和0.260 3,空间分布正相关性显著,呈现出相邻镇街的集中分布,而生产用地减少、生活用地增加的镇域集聚效果不明显;3)1990—2016年,佛山市"三生"用地景观分离度指数、香农多样性和香农均匀度指数分别由3.384 9、0.860 3和0.783 1增至8.259 5、1.083 4和0.986 1,景观异质性增强,空间结构趋于复杂;4)坡度、高程和土壤条件对佛山市生产、生活用地的演变和分布限制性作用较强,对生态用地影响较弱;经济发展、产业结构、居民生活、人口和交通运输是导致佛山市"三生"用地演变的主要社会经济因素。
Taking Foshan City as an example,this study established a production-living-ecological land classification system based on the dominant function by using remote sensing interpretation data from 1990,2000 and 2016.This study also identified the evolution features and driving factors of the production-living-ecological land in areas with rapid economic development by means of Gini Coefficient,ESDA,landscape pattern index,and principal component analysis.The results showed that the varying area of production-living-ecological land in Foshan City was 1 426.53 km2 from 1990 to 2016,accounting for 37.56% of the total area.Living land continued to increase;production land reduced significantly;and ecological land was relatively stable.The town field distribution of production land in Foshan City was the most uniform.The distribution of living land and ecological land was quite different.From 1990 to 2016,the global Moran's I index of increased production land,decreased living land,increased and decreased ecological land were 0.212 1,0.144 0,0.401 5 and 0.260 3,respectively.The spatial distribution patterns were positively correlated,showing the concentrated distribution of adjacent towns.However,the agglomeration effect of decreased production land and increased living land was not obvious.From 1990 to 2016,the splitting index,Shannon diversity,and Shannon evenness index of production-living-ecological land landscape in Foshan City increased from 3.384 9,0.860 3,0.783 1 to 8.259 5,1.083 4,0.986 1 respectively.This indicated that landscape heterogeneity increased,and the spatial structure was more sophisticated.Slope,elevation and soil conditions had a strong restrictive effect on the evolution and distribution of production and living land in Foshan City,and a weak impact on ecological land.Economic development,industrial structure,residents' lives,population,and transportation were the main social and economic factors that lead to the evolution of production-living-ecological land in Foshan City.
Taking Foshan City as an example,this study established a production-living-ecological land classification system based on the dominant function by using remote sensing interpretation data from 1990,2000 and 2016.This study also identified the evolution features and driving factors of the production-living-ecological land in areas with rapid economic development by means of Gini Coefficient,ESDA,landscape pattern index,and principal component analysis.The results showed that the varying area of production-living-ecological land in Foshan City was 1 426.53 km2 from 1990 to 2016,accounting for 37.56% of the total area.Living land continued to increase;production land reduced significantly;and ecological land was relatively stable.The town field distribution of production land in Foshan City was the most uniform.The distribution of living land and ecological land was quite different.From 1990 to 2016,the global Moran's I index of increased production land,decreased living land,increased and decreased ecological land were 0.212 1,0.144 0,0.401 5 and 0.260 3,respectively.The spatial distribution patterns were positively correlated,showing the concentrated distribution of adjacent towns.However,the agglomeration effect of decreased production land and increased living land was not obvious.From 1990 to 2016,the splitting index,Shannon diversity,and Shannon evenness index of production-living-ecological land landscape in Foshan City increased from 3.384 9,0.860 3,0.783 1 to 8.259 5,1.083 4,0.986 1 respectively.This indicated that landscape heterogeneity increased,and the spatial structure was more sophisticated.Slope,elevation and soil conditions had a strong restrictive effect on the evolution and distribution of production and living land in Foshan City,and a weak impact on ecological land.Economic development,industrial structure,residents' lives,population,and transportation were the main social and economic factors that lead to the evolution of production-living-ecological land in Foshan City.
引文
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[9]于莉,宋安安,郑宇,等.“三生用地”分类及其空间格局分析--以昌黎县为例[J].中国农业资源与区划,2017,38(2):89-96.Yu L,Song A A,Zheng Y,et al.The ecological-living-industrial land classification system and the analysis of its spatial distribution-Case of Changli County[J].Chinese Journal of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,2017,38(2):89-96.
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[13]陈晓华,王方,储金龙.基于“三生”空间协调的传统村镇居民点空间优化研究--以国家建制镇示范点源潭镇为例[J].安徽建筑大学学报,2016,24(6):84-90.Chen X H,Wang F,Chu J L.Spatial optimization of traditional town and village settlements based on coordination of production and living and ecological space--A case study of national administrative town model of Yuantan Town[J].Journal of Anhui Jianzhu University,2016,24(6):84-90.
[14]张文忠,王传胜,吕昕,等.珠江三角洲土地利用变化与工业化和城市化的耦合关系[J].地理学报,2003,58(5):677-685.Zhang W Z,Wang C S,LüX,et al.Coupling relationship between land use change and industrialization&urbanization in the Zhujiang River Delta[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2003,58(5):677-685.
[15]叶长盛,董玉祥.珠江三角洲土地利用分形特征及其影响机制[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(4):330-335.Ye C S,Dong Y X.Fractal analysis of land use in Zhujiang River Delta[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2011,27(4):330-335.
[16]吴艳娟,杨艳昭,杨玲,等.基于“三生空间”的城市国土空间开发建设适宜性评价--以宁波市为例[J].资源科学,2016,38(11):2072-2081.Wu Y J,Yang Y Z,Yang L,et al.Land spatial development and suitability for city construction based on ecological-livingindustrial space--Take Ningbo City as an example[J].Resources Science,2016,38(11):2072-2081.
[17]杨清可,段学军,王磊,等.基于“三生空间”的土地利用转型与生态环境效应--以长江三角洲核心区为例[J].地理科学,2018,38(1):97-106.Yang Q K,Duan X J,Wang L,et al.Land use transformation based on ecological-production-living spaces and associated ecoenvironment effects:A case study in the Yangtze River Delta[J].Scientia geographica Sinica,2018,38(1):97-106.
[18]周德民,宫辉力,胡金明,等.三江平原淡水湿地生态系统景观格局特征研究--以洪河湿地自然保护区为例[J].自然资源学报,2007,22(1):86-96.Zhou D M,Gong H L,Hu J M,et al.Probe into the landscape pattern of freshwater wetland communities--A case study in the Honghe national nature reserve in Sanjiang Plain,China[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2007,22(1):86-96.
[19]邬建国.景观生态学--格局、过程、尺度与等级(第二版)[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2007.Wu J G.Landscape Ecology--Pattern,Process,Scale and Hierarchy(second edition)[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2007.
[20]王秀兰,包玉海.土地利用动态变化研究方法探讨[J].地理科学进展,1999,18(1):81-87.Wang X L,Bao Y H.Study on the methods of land use dynamic change research[J].Progress in Geography,1999,18(1):81-87.
[21]佟光臣,林杰,陈杭,等.1986-2013年南京市土地利用/覆被景观格局时空变化及驱动力因素分析[J].水土保持研究,2017,24(2):240-245.Tong G C,Lin J,Chen H,et al.Land use and landscape pattern changes and the driving force factors in Nanjing from 1986 to2013[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2017,24(2):240-245.
[22]史利江,王圣云,姚晓军,等.1994-2006年上海市土地利用时空变化特征及驱动力分析[J].长江流域资源与环境,2012,21(12):1468-1479.Shi L J,Wang S Y,Yao X J,et al.Spatial and temporal variation characteristics of land use and its driving force in Shanghai City from 1994 to 2006[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2012,21(12):1468-1479.
[23]吴明发,欧名豪,廖荣浩.经济发达地区土地利用变化及其驱动力分析--以广东省为例[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(1):179-183.Wu M F,OU M H,Liao R H.Analysis on land use change and its driving forces in the developed area--A case study of Guangdong Province[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(1):179-183.
[24]姚安坤,张志强,郭军庭,等.北京密云水库上游潮河流域土地利用/覆被变化研究[J].水土保持研究,2013,20(2):53-59.Yao A K,Zhang Z Q,Guo J T,et al.Study on land use/cover changes in Chaohe River basin in the headwaters of Miyun Reservoir in Beijing[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2013,20(2):53-59.
[2]黄金川,林浩曦,漆潇潇.面向国土空间优化的三生空间研究进展[J].地理科学进展,2017,36(3):378-391.Huang J C,Lin H X,Qi X X.A literature review on optimization of spatial development pattern based on ecological-productionliving space[J].Progress in Geography,2017,36(3):378-391.
[3]张红旗,许尔琪,朱会义.中国“三生用地”分类及其空间格局[J].资源科学,2015,37(7):1332-1338.Zhang H Q,Xu E Q,Zhu H Y.An ecological-living-industrial land classification system and its spatial distribution in China[J].Resources Science,2015,37(7):1332-1338.
[4]陈婧,史培军.土地利用功能分类探讨[J].北京师范大学学报(自然科学版),2005,41(5):536-540.Chen J,Shi P J.Discussion on functional land use classification system[J].Journal of Beijing Normal University(Natural Science),2005,41(5):536-540.
[5]金贵.国土空间综合功能分区研究--以武汉城市圈为例[D].武汉:中国地质大学,2014.Jin G.Study on comprehensive function regionalization of national spatial territory:A case study of Wuhan Metropolitan Area[D].Wuhan:China University of Geosciences,2014.
[6]王考,姚云峰,包金兰.县级尺度“三生”用地动态变化及其空间集聚特征[J].水土保持通报,2018,38(1):306-312.Wang K,Yao Y F,Bao J L.Dynamic change of ecological-livingindustrial land and its spatial agglomeration at county-scale[J].Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2018,38(1):306-312.
[7]李睿康,黄勇,李阳兵,等.三峡库区腹地土地功能演变及其驱动机制分析[J].长江流域资源与环境,2018,27(3):594-604.Li R K,Huang Y,Li Y B,et al.Analysis of land function evolution and its driving forces in the hinterland of Three Gorges Reservoir area[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2018,27(3):594-604.
[8]张春花,曲玮,石水莲,等.基于“三生”空间视角的辽宁沿海经济带岸线利用适宜性评价--以大连庄河沿海为例[J].海洋开发与管理,2016,33(5):20-23,31.Zhang C H,Qu W,Shi S L,et al.Suitability evaluation of shoreline utilization in Liaoning coastal economic belt based on production living ecology spaces:Taking coastal zone in Zhuanghe,Dalian as an example[J].Ocean Development and Management,2016,33(5):20-23,31.
[9]于莉,宋安安,郑宇,等.“三生用地”分类及其空间格局分析--以昌黎县为例[J].中国农业资源与区划,2017,38(2):89-96.Yu L,Song A A,Zheng Y,et al.The ecological-living-industrial land classification system and the analysis of its spatial distribution-Case of Changli County[J].Chinese Journal of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,2017,38(2):89-96.
[10]陈龙,周生路,周兵兵,等.基于主导功能的江苏省土地利用转型特征与驱动力[J].经济地理,2015,35(2):155-162.Chen L,Zhou S L,Zhou B B,et al.Characteristics and driving forces of regional land use transition based on the leading function classification:A case study of Jiangsu Province[J].Economic Geography,2015,35(2):155-162.
[11]赵丽,张贵军,朱永明,等.基于土地利用转型的土地多功能转变与特征分析--以河北省唐县为例[J].中国土地科学,2017,31(6):42-50.Zhao L,Zhang G J,Zhu Y M,et al.Land multi-functional transformation and characteristic analysis based on land use transition:A case study of Tang County,Hebei Province[J].China Land Sciences,2017,31(6):42-50.
[12]刘鹏,陈荣蓉,杨朝现,等.基于“三生空间”协调的农村居民点布局优化研究[J].水土保持研究,2017,24(2):283-288.Liu P,Chen R R,Yang C X,et al.Study on layout optimization of rural settlements based on coordination of production,living and ecology space[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2017,24(2):283-288.
[13]陈晓华,王方,储金龙.基于“三生”空间协调的传统村镇居民点空间优化研究--以国家建制镇示范点源潭镇为例[J].安徽建筑大学学报,2016,24(6):84-90.Chen X H,Wang F,Chu J L.Spatial optimization of traditional town and village settlements based on coordination of production and living and ecological space--A case study of national administrative town model of Yuantan Town[J].Journal of Anhui Jianzhu University,2016,24(6):84-90.
[14]张文忠,王传胜,吕昕,等.珠江三角洲土地利用变化与工业化和城市化的耦合关系[J].地理学报,2003,58(5):677-685.Zhang W Z,Wang C S,LüX,et al.Coupling relationship between land use change and industrialization&urbanization in the Zhujiang River Delta[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2003,58(5):677-685.
[15]叶长盛,董玉祥.珠江三角洲土地利用分形特征及其影响机制[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(4):330-335.Ye C S,Dong Y X.Fractal analysis of land use in Zhujiang River Delta[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2011,27(4):330-335.
[16]吴艳娟,杨艳昭,杨玲,等.基于“三生空间”的城市国土空间开发建设适宜性评价--以宁波市为例[J].资源科学,2016,38(11):2072-2081.Wu Y J,Yang Y Z,Yang L,et al.Land spatial development and suitability for city construction based on ecological-livingindustrial space--Take Ningbo City as an example[J].Resources Science,2016,38(11):2072-2081.
[17]杨清可,段学军,王磊,等.基于“三生空间”的土地利用转型与生态环境效应--以长江三角洲核心区为例[J].地理科学,2018,38(1):97-106.Yang Q K,Duan X J,Wang L,et al.Land use transformation based on ecological-production-living spaces and associated ecoenvironment effects:A case study in the Yangtze River Delta[J].Scientia geographica Sinica,2018,38(1):97-106.
[18]周德民,宫辉力,胡金明,等.三江平原淡水湿地生态系统景观格局特征研究--以洪河湿地自然保护区为例[J].自然资源学报,2007,22(1):86-96.Zhou D M,Gong H L,Hu J M,et al.Probe into the landscape pattern of freshwater wetland communities--A case study in the Honghe national nature reserve in Sanjiang Plain,China[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2007,22(1):86-96.
[19]邬建国.景观生态学--格局、过程、尺度与等级(第二版)[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2007.Wu J G.Landscape Ecology--Pattern,Process,Scale and Hierarchy(second edition)[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2007.
[20]王秀兰,包玉海.土地利用动态变化研究方法探讨[J].地理科学进展,1999,18(1):81-87.Wang X L,Bao Y H.Study on the methods of land use dynamic change research[J].Progress in Geography,1999,18(1):81-87.
[21]佟光臣,林杰,陈杭,等.1986-2013年南京市土地利用/覆被景观格局时空变化及驱动力因素分析[J].水土保持研究,2017,24(2):240-245.Tong G C,Lin J,Chen H,et al.Land use and landscape pattern changes and the driving force factors in Nanjing from 1986 to2013[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2017,24(2):240-245.
[22]史利江,王圣云,姚晓军,等.1994-2006年上海市土地利用时空变化特征及驱动力分析[J].长江流域资源与环境,2012,21(12):1468-1479.Shi L J,Wang S Y,Yao X J,et al.Spatial and temporal variation characteristics of land use and its driving force in Shanghai City from 1994 to 2006[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2012,21(12):1468-1479.
[23]吴明发,欧名豪,廖荣浩.经济发达地区土地利用变化及其驱动力分析--以广东省为例[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(1):179-183.Wu M F,OU M H,Liao R H.Analysis on land use change and its driving forces in the developed area--A case study of Guangdong Province[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(1):179-183.
[24]姚安坤,张志强,郭军庭,等.北京密云水库上游潮河流域土地利用/覆被变化研究[J].水土保持研究,2013,20(2):53-59.Yao A K,Zhang Z Q,Guo J T,et al.Study on land use/cover changes in Chaohe River basin in the headwaters of Miyun Reservoir in Beijing[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2013,20(2):53-59.