自由贸易园区与区域经济增长——基于中国省级面板数据的实证分析
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摘要
作为改革开放战略中的一项重要举措,自由贸易园区对中国经济增长的重要性不言而喻。文章基于1990—2014年中国省级面板数据,利用个体时间双向固定效应模型实证检验了自由贸易园区对区域经济增长的作用。研究发现:自由贸易园区对劳动生产率的提高的促进作用显著;自由贸易园区与贸易开放的互补效应促进了劳动生产率的提高,这一特点主要体现在东部地区;中西部地区自由贸易园区对劳动生产率的提升作用并不显著,自由贸易园区与贸易开放对劳动生产率的提高具有明显的替代效应。进一步分析发现,自由贸易园区分布的地区间差异明显减小,设立自由贸易园区加快了东部地区经济收敛速度,且自由贸易园区与贸易开放对经济收敛速度的正向作用存在互补效应。
As an important measure in the reform and opening-up strategy,Free Trade Zone( FTZ) is important to economic growth which is self-evident. Based on the provincial panel data during the years from 1990 to 2014,the individual time two-way fixed effect model is applied to the empirical test on the impact of FTZ upon regional economic growth. The research finds that FTZ has a significantly positive impact on labor productivity. The complementary effect of FTZ and trade liberalization promotes the improvement of labor productivity,which is manifested mainly in the eastern area. FTZ in the central and western areas has no significant effect on the improvement of labor productivity. FTZ and trade liberalization have obvious substitution effect on the improvement of labor productivity. The further analysis finds that the regional difference in the distribution of FTZ has been significantly reduced,the establishment of FTZ has accelerated the economic convergence in eastern area,and there is complementary effect between FTZ and trade liberalization in their positive effect on economic convergence.
As an important measure in the reform and opening-up strategy,Free Trade Zone( FTZ) is important to economic growth which is self-evident. Based on the provincial panel data during the years from 1990 to 2014,the individual time two-way fixed effect model is applied to the empirical test on the impact of FTZ upon regional economic growth. The research finds that FTZ has a significantly positive impact on labor productivity. The complementary effect of FTZ and trade liberalization promotes the improvement of labor productivity,which is manifested mainly in the eastern area. FTZ in the central and western areas has no significant effect on the improvement of labor productivity. FTZ and trade liberalization have obvious substitution effect on the improvement of labor productivity. The further analysis finds that the regional difference in the distribution of FTZ has been significantly reduced,the establishment of FTZ has accelerated the economic convergence in eastern area,and there is complementary effect between FTZ and trade liberalization in their positive effect on economic convergence.
引文
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[16]裴长洪.全球治理视野的新一轮开放尺度:自上海自贸区观察[J].改革,2013(12):30-40.
[17]盛斌.天津自贸区:制度创新的综合试验田[J].国际贸易,2015(1):4-10.
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[22]刘瑞明,赵仁杰.国家高新区推动了地区经济发展吗?——基于双重差分方法的验证[J].管理世界,2015(8):30-38.
[23]叶修群.“一带一路”战略下我国自由贸易园区的贸易效应研究[J].广东财经大学学报,2016(2):25-32.
[24]姚飞,陈龙乾,王秉义,等.合肥市产业结构与土地经济密度的关联协调研究[J].中国土地科学,2016(5):53-61.
[25]叶修群,郭晓合.我国沿海自由贸易园区的贸易效应——基于面板数据的引力模型分析[J].经济经纬,2016(4):74-79.
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[27]贾润崧,张四灿.中国省际资本存量与资本回报率[J].统计研究,2014(11):35-42.
[28]陈钊,陆铭,金煜.中国人力资本和教育发展的区域差异:对于面板数据的估算[J].世界经济,2004(12):25-31.
[29]叶修群,陈雯诗.中国区域经济增长阶段性差异实证研究——基于省际面板数据[J].南昌航空大学学报(社会科学版),2015(2):26-33.
[30]王晶晶,黄繁华.FDI结构性转变是否促进经济增长[J].南方经济,2013(12):1-12.
[2]孟广文.建立中国自由贸易区的政治地理学理论基础及模式选择[J].地理科学,2015(1):19-29.
[3]叶修群.自由贸易园区(FTZ)的区位选择——基于中国省级面板数据的实证研究[J].当代经济科学,2016(2):115-123.
[4]史修松,赵曙东.中国经济增长的地区差异及其收敛机制(1978—2009年)[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2011(1):51-62.
[5]郑江淮,高彦彦,胡小文.企业“扎堆”、技术升级与经济绩效——开发区集聚效应的实证分析[J].经济研究,2008(5):33-46.
[6]刘重力,刘安军,邵敏.开发区对区外母城经济增长溢出效应研究[J].南开经济研究,2010(3):20-34.
[7]BAI X J,YAN W K,CHIU Y H.Performance evaluation of China's Hi-tech zones in the post financial crisis era:analysis based on the dynamic network SBM model[J].China Economic Review,2015,34(7):122-134.
[8]李力行,申广军.经济开发区、地区比较优势与产业结构调整[J].经济学(季刊),2015(3):885-910.
[9]JOHANSSON H,NILSSON L.Export processing zones as catalysts[J].World Development,1997,25(12):2115-2128.
[10]SCHRANK A.Export processing zones in the dominican republic:schools or stopgaps?[J].World Development,2008,36(8):1381-1397.
[11]CHEN Z,PONCET S,XIONG R.Inter-industry relatedness and industrial-policy efficiency:evidence from China’s export processing zones[Z].CEPII Working Paper,2016.
[12]SARGENT J,MATTHEWS L.What happens when relative costs increase in export processing zones?Technology,regional production networks,and Mexico’s maquiladoras[J].World Development,2004,32(12):2015-2030.
[13]JENKINS M.Sourcing patterns of firms in Export Processing Zones(EPZs):an empirical analysis of firm-level determinants[J].Journal of Business Research,2006,59(3):331-334.
[14]SEYOUM B,RAMIREZ J.Foreign trade zones in the United States:a study with special emphasis on the proposal for trade agreement parity[J].Journal of Economic Studies,2012,39(1):13-30.
[15]JENKINS M,ARCE R.Do backward linkages in export processing zones increase dynamically?Firm-level evidence from Costa Rica[J].Journal of Business Research,2016,69(2):400-409.
[16]裴长洪.全球治理视野的新一轮开放尺度:自上海自贸区观察[J].改革,2013(12):30-40.
[17]盛斌.天津自贸区:制度创新的综合试验田[J].国际贸易,2015(1):4-10.
[18]赵榄,常伟.全球化下中国保税区与腹地经济发展:基于面板数据的经验研究[J].重庆大学学报(社会科学版),2008(4):10-13.
[19]谭娜,周先波,林建浩.上海自贸区的经济增长效应研究——基于面板数据下的反事实分析方法[J].国际贸易问题,2015(10):14-24.
[20]郭晓合,叶修群.从中国入世到上海自贸区扩区的产业连锁效应[J].经济与管理研究,2016(8):43-51.
[21]叶修群.我国自由贸易园区(FTZ)的FDI引致效应实证研究[J].国际经贸探索,2016(2):81-90.
[22]刘瑞明,赵仁杰.国家高新区推动了地区经济发展吗?——基于双重差分方法的验证[J].管理世界,2015(8):30-38.
[23]叶修群.“一带一路”战略下我国自由贸易园区的贸易效应研究[J].广东财经大学学报,2016(2):25-32.
[24]姚飞,陈龙乾,王秉义,等.合肥市产业结构与土地经济密度的关联协调研究[J].中国土地科学,2016(5):53-61.
[25]叶修群,郭晓合.我国沿海自由贸易园区的贸易效应——基于面板数据的引力模型分析[J].经济经纬,2016(4):74-79.
[26]张军,吴桂英,张吉鹏.中国省际物质资本存量估算:1952—2000[J].经济研究,2004(10):35-44.
[27]贾润崧,张四灿.中国省际资本存量与资本回报率[J].统计研究,2014(11):35-42.
[28]陈钊,陆铭,金煜.中国人力资本和教育发展的区域差异:对于面板数据的估算[J].世界经济,2004(12):25-31.
[29]叶修群,陈雯诗.中国区域经济增长阶段性差异实证研究——基于省际面板数据[J].南昌航空大学学报(社会科学版),2015(2):26-33.
[30]王晶晶,黄繁华.FDI结构性转变是否促进经济增长[J].南方经济,2013(12):1-12.