药食兼用型金荞麦‘金荞1号’品质评价及最佳采收期研究
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摘要
为探讨金荞麦叶片作为药食兼用保健蔬菜的最佳采收期,以金荞麦优质高产新品种‘金荞1号’为研究对象,通过分析不同生长期黄酮类、多酚类和花青素类三种活性成分的含量变化并进行营养成分评价。结果表明:1)金荞麦‘金荞1号’茎叶中黄酮类和花青素类物质含量在整个苗期均高于株系;多酚类物质含量在苗期第45d时开始高于绿茎株系,苗期60d时多酚类、黄酮类及花青素类物质含量均达到最高;2)与常见叶类蔬菜和对照株系相比,‘金荞1号’出苗后60d,叶片蛋白质、膳食纤维、维生素C含量较高,脂肪含量显著降低,碳水化合物含量无差异。因此,以药食兼用品质为指标,‘金荞1号’叶片最佳采收期为出苗后60d左右。
The aim of this study was to investigate the best harvesting time of Fagopyrum dibotry as dual-purpose(medicine and food)vegetable.A high-epicatechin Fd species 'Jinqiao No.Ⅰ',which was selected from mutation breeding,was used as materials.The contents of active ingredients and nutrition ingredients were detected in the two species,and the best harvest time of Fdleaves was studied at different growth stages.The results showed that the contents of flavonoids and anthocyanin in'Jinqiao No.Ⅰ'were significantly higher than those in control.The contents of flavonoids,anthocyanin and polyphenol of Fdleaves reached the highest point at 60 dof seedling stage.Compared with normal leaf vegetable,the contents of protein,dietary fiber and VC in the leaves of'Jinqiao No.Ⅰ'increased,while the contend of fat decreased.In conclusion,according to the indexes of medicine and food quality,the best harvest time of Fdleaves was 60 dafter seedling-emerging.
The aim of this study was to investigate the best harvesting time of Fagopyrum dibotry as dual-purpose(medicine and food)vegetable.A high-epicatechin Fd species 'Jinqiao No.Ⅰ',which was selected from mutation breeding,was used as materials.The contents of active ingredients and nutrition ingredients were detected in the two species,and the best harvest time of Fdleaves was studied at different growth stages.The results showed that the contents of flavonoids and anthocyanin in'Jinqiao No.Ⅰ'were significantly higher than those in control.The contents of flavonoids,anthocyanin and polyphenol of Fdleaves reached the highest point at 60 dof seedling stage.Compared with normal leaf vegetable,the contents of protein,dietary fiber and VC in the leaves of'Jinqiao No.Ⅰ'increased,while the contend of fat decreased.In conclusion,according to the indexes of medicine and food quality,the best harvest time of Fdleaves was 60 dafter seedling-emerging.
引文
[1]中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会.既是食品又是药品的物品名单(卫法监发[2002]51号)[EB/OL].(2002-03-04)http://www.nhfpc.gov.cn/zwgkzt/wsbysj/200810/38175.shtml National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People’s Republic of China.List of items that are both food and medicine(Wei Fa Jian Fa[2002]No.51)[EB/OL].(2011-06-21)http://www.nhfpc.gov.cn/zwgkzt/wsbysj/200810/38175.shtml
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[7]黄小燕,黄莎,陈庆富.金荞麦叶发酵茶抗小鼠H22肿瘤的作用及机制研究[J].安徽农业大学学报,2015,42(6):854-859Huang X Y,Huang S,Chen Q F.Antineoplastic function and mechanism of gold buckwheat leaf fermented tea in the mice of H22tumor[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural University,2015,42(6):854-859(in Chinese)
[8]卜星星,雒晓鹏,白悦辰,李成磊,陈惠,吴琦.金荞麦花青素合酶基因的克隆及其表达与花青素量的相关性研究[J].中草药,2014,45(7):985-989Bu X X,Luo X P,Bai Y C,Li C L,Chen H,Wu Q.Gene cloning of anthocyanin synthase in Fagopyrum dibotrys and correlation between its expression level and anthocyanin content[J].Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs,2014,45(7):985-989(in Chinese)
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[10]张洁,邓蓉,杨芳,张定红.利用金荞麦替代部分精料饲喂育肥猪的增重效果试验[J].贵州畜牧兽医,2014,38(4):13-15Zhang J,Deng R,Yang F,Zhang D H.The feeding experiment was conducted on growing finishing pigs with poyigonum cymosum[J].Guizhou Journal of Animal Husbandry&Veterinary Medicine,2014,38(4):13-15(in Chinese)
[11]黄小燕,黄莎,陈庆富.金荞麦叶发酵茶的抗炎作用研究[J].世界科学技术:中医药现代化,2015,17(5):981-984Huang X Y,Huang S,Chen Q F.Study on anti-inflammatory function of gold buckwheat fermented tea[J].World Science and Technology:Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Materia Medica,2015,17(5):981-984(in Chinese)
[12]吕桂兰,张萌麟,赵葆华,权丽辉,霍东景.金荞麦引种栽培与其产量和有效成分含量[J].中国兽药杂志,1995,29(4):19-22Lv G L,Zhang M L,Zhao B H,Quan L H,Huo D J.Cultivation,production and determination of active ingredient content of Fagopyrum Dibotrys[J].Chinese Journal of Veterinary Drug,1995,29(4):19-22(in Chinese)
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[15]Chen C X,Li A L.Transcriptome analysis of differentially expressed genes involved in Proanthocyanidinaccumulation in the rhizomes of Fagopyrum dibotrys and an irradiationinduced mutant[J].Frontiers in Physiology,2016,7:1-18
[16]中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会.GB5009.6-2016,食品中脂肪的测定[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2016National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China.GB5009.6-2016,The method of fat detection in food[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,2016
[17]中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会.GB5009.5-2016,食品中蛋白质的测定[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2016National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China.GB5009.5-2016,The method of protein detection in food[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,2016
[18]中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会.GB5009.88-2014,食品中膳食纤维的测定[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2016National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China.GB5009.88-2014,The method of dietary fiber detection in food[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,2016
[19]中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会.GB5009.86-2016,食品中抗坏血酸的测定[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2016National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China.GB5009.86-2016,The method of vitamin C detection in food[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,2016
[20]王光亚.中国食物成分表[M].北京:北京大学医学出版社,2009:78-115Wang G Y.China Food Composition[M].Beijing:Peking University Medical Press,2009:78-115(in Chinese)
[21]FAO/WHO Ad Hoc Expert Committee.Energy and protein requirements,FAO Nutrition Meeting Report Series,1973,52:40-73
[22]韩勇,邓蓉,刁其玉.不同生长期金荞麦营养成分含量及消化率测定研究.草业学报,2016,25(8):107-117Han Y,Deng R,Diao Q Y.Nutrient content and digestibility of Fagopyrum dibotrys at various growth stages[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2016,25(8):107-117(in Chinese)
[23]丁亚平,吴庆生,于力文.铁皮石斛最佳采收期的理论探讨.中国中药杂志,1998,23(8):458-460Ding Y P,Wu Q S,Yu L W.On the best time for harvesting Dedrobium candidum Wall ex Lindl[J].China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica,1998,23(8):458-460(in Chinese)
[24]张清明,赵卫敏,桂梅,马裕群.贵州地方苦荞生物类黄酮含量的研究[J].种子,2008,27(7):65-66Zhang Q M,Zhao W M,Gui M,Ma Y Q.Study on bioflavonoid contents from local tatary buckwheat of Guizhou[J].Seed,2008,27(7):65-66(in Chinese)
[25]韩志萍,曹艳萍.甜荞麦不同部位总黄酮含量测定[J].食品研究与开发,2005,26(3):147-149Han Z P,Cao Y P.Determination of the total content of flavones in different parts of buckwheat[J].Food Research and Development,2005,26(3):147-149(in Chinese)
[26]凌永霞,黄凯丰,陈庆富.两种提取方法测定大野荞植物叶中的黄酮含量[J].安徽农业科学,2011,39(13):7768-7770Ling Y X,Huang K F,Chen Q F.Comparison of two methods for measuring flavonoid content of Fagopyrummega spartanium leaves[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Science,2011,39(13):7768-7770(in Chinese)
[27]杨明宏,卢进,张玉方,王斌,向赤忠,王祖文.金荞麦采收SOP探讨与研究[J].世界科学技术:中医药现代化,2002,4(1):56-58Yang M H,Lu J,Zhang Y F,Wang B,Xiang C Z,Wang Z W.A probe into standard operating procedures in collecting Rhizome Fagopyri Cymosi[J].World Science and Technology:Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Materia Medica,2002,4(1):56-58(in Chinese)
[2]国家食品药品监督管理总局.可用于保健食品的物品名单[EB/OL].(2012-12-07)http://www.nhfpc.gov.cn/zwgkzt/wsbysj/200810/38175.shtml China Food and Drug Administration.List of items that are available for functional health food[EB/OL].(2012-12-07)http://www.nhfpc.gov.cn/zwgkzt/wsbysj/200810/38175.shtml
[3]中国饲用植物志编辑委员会.中国饲用植物志(第一卷).[M].北京:农业出版社,1987:479-480The Editorial Committee of Chinese Forage Plants Records.Chinese Forage Plants Records(1st volumes)[M].Beijing:Agricultural Press,1987:479-480(in Chinese)
[4]王安虎,夏明忠,蔡光泽,杨坪,王海蓉.金荞麦的栽培产量及其有效成分含量研究[J].西昌学院学报,2011,25(2):1-3Wang A H,Xia M Z,Cai G Z,Yang P,Wang H R.A study on the cultivation yield of the golden buckwheat and content of active constituent in it[J].Journal of Xichang College,2011,25(2):1-3,17(in Chinese)
[5]邓蓉,王安娜,张定红,梁应林,罗启华.3个金荞麦品种生长表型研究[J].耕作与栽培,2015(5):52-53Deng R,Wang A N,Zhang D H,Liang Y L,Luo Q H.Growth performance of 3golden buckwheat varieties[J].Tillage and Cultivation,2015(5):52-53(in Chinese)
[6]顾亮亮,陈庆富.不同金荞麦收集系叶中黄酮及γ-氨基丁酸含量的变异[J].西南农业学报,2014,27(2):582-586Gu L L,Chen Q F.Variation of flavonoid and gaba content in leaves among different golden buckwheat accessions[J].Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2015,27(2):582-586(in Chinese)
[7]黄小燕,黄莎,陈庆富.金荞麦叶发酵茶抗小鼠H22肿瘤的作用及机制研究[J].安徽农业大学学报,2015,42(6):854-859Huang X Y,Huang S,Chen Q F.Antineoplastic function and mechanism of gold buckwheat leaf fermented tea in the mice of H22tumor[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural University,2015,42(6):854-859(in Chinese)
[8]卜星星,雒晓鹏,白悦辰,李成磊,陈惠,吴琦.金荞麦花青素合酶基因的克隆及其表达与花青素量的相关性研究[J].中草药,2014,45(7):985-989Bu X X,Luo X P,Bai Y C,Li C L,Chen H,Wu Q.Gene cloning of anthocyanin synthase in Fagopyrum dibotrys and correlation between its expression level and anthocyanin content[J].Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs,2014,45(7):985-989(in Chinese)
[9]薛红,艾蓉,邓蓉,张定红.“黔金荞麦1号”的营养成分及利用方式研究[J].四川畜牧兽医,2016,305(1):27-29Xue H,Ai R,Deng R,Zhang D H.Nutrient content and comprehensive utilization of Qian Fagopyrum Dibotrys[J].Sichuan Animal&Veterinary Sciences,2016,305(1):27-29(in Chinese)
[10]张洁,邓蓉,杨芳,张定红.利用金荞麦替代部分精料饲喂育肥猪的增重效果试验[J].贵州畜牧兽医,2014,38(4):13-15Zhang J,Deng R,Yang F,Zhang D H.The feeding experiment was conducted on growing finishing pigs with poyigonum cymosum[J].Guizhou Journal of Animal Husbandry&Veterinary Medicine,2014,38(4):13-15(in Chinese)
[11]黄小燕,黄莎,陈庆富.金荞麦叶发酵茶的抗炎作用研究[J].世界科学技术:中医药现代化,2015,17(5):981-984Huang X Y,Huang S,Chen Q F.Study on anti-inflammatory function of gold buckwheat fermented tea[J].World Science and Technology:Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Materia Medica,2015,17(5):981-984(in Chinese)
[12]吕桂兰,张萌麟,赵葆华,权丽辉,霍东景.金荞麦引种栽培与其产量和有效成分含量[J].中国兽药杂志,1995,29(4):19-22Lv G L,Zhang M L,Zhao B H,Quan L H,Huo D J.Cultivation,production and determination of active ingredient content of Fagopyrum Dibotrys[J].Chinese Journal of Veterinary Drug,1995,29(4):19-22(in Chinese)
[13]刘铁城,刘继忠,李为民,刘惠卿.金荞麦不同生育期根茎的增长动态及缩合原花色甙元含量变化[J].中国中药杂志,1983,8(6):5-6Liu T C,Liu J Z,Li W M,Liu H Q.Variation of growth and condensation proanthocyanidins content of Fagopyrum dibotrys during different developmental stages[J].China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica,1983,8(6):5-6(in Chinese)
[14]国家药典委员会.中华人民共和国药典.一部[M].北京:中国医药科技出版社,2015:218Chinese Pharmacopoeia Commission.Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China[J].Beijing:China Medical Sciences Press,2015:218(in Chinese)
[15]Chen C X,Li A L.Transcriptome analysis of differentially expressed genes involved in Proanthocyanidinaccumulation in the rhizomes of Fagopyrum dibotrys and an irradiationinduced mutant[J].Frontiers in Physiology,2016,7:1-18
[16]中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会.GB5009.6-2016,食品中脂肪的测定[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2016National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China.GB5009.6-2016,The method of fat detection in food[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,2016
[17]中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会.GB5009.5-2016,食品中蛋白质的测定[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2016National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China.GB5009.5-2016,The method of protein detection in food[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,2016
[18]中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会.GB5009.88-2014,食品中膳食纤维的测定[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2016National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China.GB5009.88-2014,The method of dietary fiber detection in food[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,2016
[19]中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会.GB5009.86-2016,食品中抗坏血酸的测定[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2016National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China.GB5009.86-2016,The method of vitamin C detection in food[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,2016
[20]王光亚.中国食物成分表[M].北京:北京大学医学出版社,2009:78-115Wang G Y.China Food Composition[M].Beijing:Peking University Medical Press,2009:78-115(in Chinese)
[21]FAO/WHO Ad Hoc Expert Committee.Energy and protein requirements,FAO Nutrition Meeting Report Series,1973,52:40-73
[22]韩勇,邓蓉,刁其玉.不同生长期金荞麦营养成分含量及消化率测定研究.草业学报,2016,25(8):107-117Han Y,Deng R,Diao Q Y.Nutrient content and digestibility of Fagopyrum dibotrys at various growth stages[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2016,25(8):107-117(in Chinese)
[23]丁亚平,吴庆生,于力文.铁皮石斛最佳采收期的理论探讨.中国中药杂志,1998,23(8):458-460Ding Y P,Wu Q S,Yu L W.On the best time for harvesting Dedrobium candidum Wall ex Lindl[J].China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica,1998,23(8):458-460(in Chinese)
[24]张清明,赵卫敏,桂梅,马裕群.贵州地方苦荞生物类黄酮含量的研究[J].种子,2008,27(7):65-66Zhang Q M,Zhao W M,Gui M,Ma Y Q.Study on bioflavonoid contents from local tatary buckwheat of Guizhou[J].Seed,2008,27(7):65-66(in Chinese)
[25]韩志萍,曹艳萍.甜荞麦不同部位总黄酮含量测定[J].食品研究与开发,2005,26(3):147-149Han Z P,Cao Y P.Determination of the total content of flavones in different parts of buckwheat[J].Food Research and Development,2005,26(3):147-149(in Chinese)
[26]凌永霞,黄凯丰,陈庆富.两种提取方法测定大野荞植物叶中的黄酮含量[J].安徽农业科学,2011,39(13):7768-7770Ling Y X,Huang K F,Chen Q F.Comparison of two methods for measuring flavonoid content of Fagopyrummega spartanium leaves[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Science,2011,39(13):7768-7770(in Chinese)
[27]杨明宏,卢进,张玉方,王斌,向赤忠,王祖文.金荞麦采收SOP探讨与研究[J].世界科学技术:中医药现代化,2002,4(1):56-58Yang M H,Lu J,Zhang Y F,Wang B,Xiang C Z,Wang Z W.A probe into standard operating procedures in collecting Rhizome Fagopyri Cymosi[J].World Science and Technology:Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Materia Medica,2002,4(1):56-58(in Chinese)