苹果树腐烂病菌挥发性代谢物及其毒素活性
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摘要
研究苹果树腐烂病菌代谢产生的挥发性物质及其毒素活性。通过在树皮培养基中培养苹果树腐烂病菌,采用普通蒸馏法收集其培养滤液中的挥发性代谢产物,利用气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)分离各个成分,将各组分质谱图与数据库标准物质质谱图对比,初步进行结构定性,并利用苹果枝条对其标准物质进行毒素活性测定。结果表明,苹果树腐烂病菌在发酵过程中产生5种挥发性物质,分别为2-氟丙烯、异戊醇、2-苯乙醇、4-乙基苯酚、4-乙基-2-甲氧基苯酚,其中异戊醇、2-苯乙醇、4-乙基苯酚、4-乙基-2-甲氧基苯酚均对苹果树枝具有毒素活性。苹果树腐烂病菌产生的挥发性代谢产物对苹果树具有毒素活性,为苹果树腐烂病菌致病机理的探索提供新的思路与方向。
In order to study the volatile metabolites and its toxin activity of Valsa mali,Valsa mali was cultured in a medium with apple-tree-rind,the cultural-filtrate were distilled and the volatile-distilled were collected in ethyl acetate.The collected volatile was isolated by GC-MS,and its structures were characterized by comparing mass spectrum with that of standard compounds in the database.The toxin activity was bio-assayed on apple shoots.These results showed that 5 volatile compounds were produced by Valsa mali during fermentation in the apple-tree-rind medium,namely 2-fluoroprop-1-ene,3-methylbutan-1-ol,2-phenylethanol,4-ethylphenol and 4-ethyl-2-methyloxyphenol.The last four compounds showed toxicity to apple shoots in bio-assay.the all results indicated that the four volatile compounds metabolized by Valsa mali were toxin to apple-tree,and this provides a new idea and direction for investigating the pathogenesis of Valsa mali.
In order to study the volatile metabolites and its toxin activity of Valsa mali,Valsa mali was cultured in a medium with apple-tree-rind,the cultural-filtrate were distilled and the volatile-distilled were collected in ethyl acetate.The collected volatile was isolated by GC-MS,and its structures were characterized by comparing mass spectrum with that of standard compounds in the database.The toxin activity was bio-assayed on apple shoots.These results showed that 5 volatile compounds were produced by Valsa mali during fermentation in the apple-tree-rind medium,namely 2-fluoroprop-1-ene,3-methylbutan-1-ol,2-phenylethanol,4-ethylphenol and 4-ethyl-2-methyloxyphenol.The last four compounds showed toxicity to apple shoots in bio-assay.the all results indicated that the four volatile compounds metabolized by Valsa mali were toxin to apple-tree,and this provides a new idea and direction for investigating the pathogenesis of Valsa mali.
引文
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[3]王娟,马强,庄霞,等.苹果树腐烂病病原菌分泌物中果胶酶的测定[J].内蒙古农业科技,2009(4):39-40.WANG J,MA Q,ZHUANG X,et al.Determination of pectinase in fungi secretion of apple tree canker[J].Inner Mongolia Agricultural Science and Technology,2009(4):39-40.
[4]何媛媛,于哲,王海英,等.不同碳氮源对苹果树腐烂病菌胞外果胶酶活性的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2014,42(11):81-86.HE Y Y,YU ZH,WANG H Y,et al.Effects of different carbon and nitrogen sources on activity of extracellular pectinase of Valsa mali var.mali[J].Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition),2014,42(11):81-86.
[5]王建华,柯希望,黄以超,等.苹果树腐烂病菌发酵液中根皮苷主要降解成分的分析[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2012,40(8):89-94.WANG J H,KE X W,HUANG Y CH,et al.Component analysis of Valsa mali var.mali fermentation liquid degrading phlorizin[J].Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition),2012,40(8):89-94.
[6]NATSUME H,SETO H,OTAKE N.Studies on apple canker disease.The necrotic toxins produced by Valsa ceratosperma[J].Agricultural&Biological Chemistry,1982,46(8):2101-2106.
[7]KOGANEZAWA H,SAKUMA T.Possible role of breakdown products of phloridzin in symptom development by Valsa ceratosperma[J].Annals of the Phytopathological Society of Japan,1982,48(4):521-552.
[8]TRAQUAIR J A.Oxalic acid and calcium oxalate produced by Leucostoma cincta and L.persoonii in culture and in peach bark tissues[J].Canadian Journal of Botany,1988,65(9):1952-1956.
[9]王建华.苹果树腐烂病菌致病物质的初步研究[D].陕西杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2012.WANG J H.Studies on the pathogenic substances produced by Valsa mali[D].Yangling Shaanxi:Northwest A&FUniversity,2012.
[10]田治国,王飞,刘洋,等.西北地区常见的6种植物挥发性物质抑菌效果研究[J].西北林学院学报,2009,24(6):124-128.TIAN ZH G,WANG F,LIU Y,et al.Effect of antibacterium of volatiles from six kinds of plants in Northwest China[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2009,24(6):124-128.
[11]史睿杰,谢寿安,赵薇,等.青海云杉针叶和枝条的挥发性化合物的固相微萃GC/MS分析[J].西北林学院学报,2011,26(6):95-99.SHI R J,XIE SH A,ZHAO W,et al.Analysis of volatile components in the needle and branch of Picea crassifolia by SPME/GC/MS[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2011,26(6):95-99.