夜间灯光数据的东三省城市群发展特征研究
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摘要
针对东北地区面积辽阔,传统的城市化研究方法耗时耗力的问题,该文基于DMSP/OLS数据,采用Elvidge校正模型,提出相对误差最小准则的阈值分割方法,结合景观指数,分析了1992—2012年东三省主要城市群的城市化发展演变特征。结果表明:东三省主要城市群在1992—2006年,原有城市面积的扩张以及合并小城镇是城区面积快速增加的主导因素,在2006年以后,新兴小城镇的不断涌现和相连成片是加快该区域城市化进程的主要因素,部分小城市区域逐渐连接在一起是导致面积扩张的另一因素。典型城市沈阳、长春、鞍山等持续扩张是因为主城区扩张以及与不断融合周边新兴小城镇。此外,以沈阳为中心,周边城市的连通性增加,形成密集城市群。大连等沿海城市的发展远快于鞍山、大庆等能源城市以及发展最慢的伊春等农业城市。
Aiming at the problem that traditional research methods of urbanization are time-consuming and costly due to the vast area of Northeast China,in this paper,the Elvidge calibration model was used to correct the DMSP/OLS data,making use of the threshold segmentation method that is based on minimum relative error criterion.Combined with the landscape metrics,cities urbanization process of Northeast China was analyzed from 1992 to 2012.The results revealed that the expansion of the original urban area and the merger of small towns were the dominant factors in the rapid increase of urban area in Northeast China from 1992 to 2006,small cities which were emerging and merging accelerated the process of urbanization in the region since 2006.Parts of the small city area were joining gradually which was another factor for the expansion of the urban area.The continuous expansion of the major cities such as Shenyang,Changchun and Anshan was due to the main city expansion and the integration with the emerging nearby small towns.In addition,Shenyang and the surrounding cities had formed a dense urban agglomeration.Dalian and other coastal cities have been developing rapidly,which is much faster than energy cities such as Anshan,Daqing,slowest-developing Yichun and other agricultural cities.
Aiming at the problem that traditional research methods of urbanization are time-consuming and costly due to the vast area of Northeast China,in this paper,the Elvidge calibration model was used to correct the DMSP/OLS data,making use of the threshold segmentation method that is based on minimum relative error criterion.Combined with the landscape metrics,cities urbanization process of Northeast China was analyzed from 1992 to 2012.The results revealed that the expansion of the original urban area and the merger of small towns were the dominant factors in the rapid increase of urban area in Northeast China from 1992 to 2006,small cities which were emerging and merging accelerated the process of urbanization in the region since 2006.Parts of the small city area were joining gradually which was another factor for the expansion of the urban area.The continuous expansion of the major cities such as Shenyang,Changchun and Anshan was due to the main city expansion and the integration with the emerging nearby small towns.In addition,Shenyang and the surrounding cities had formed a dense urban agglomeration.Dalian and other coastal cities have been developing rapidly,which is much faster than energy cities such as Anshan,Daqing,slowest-developing Yichun and other agricultural cities.
引文
[1]刘沁萍,杨永春,付冬暇,等.基于DMSP_OLS灯光数据的1992-2010年中国城市空间扩张研究[J].地理科学,2014,34(2):129-136.(LIU Qinping,YANG Yongchun,FU Dongxia,et al.Urban spatial expansion based on DMSP_OLS nighttime light data in China in 1992-2010[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2014,34(2):129-136.)
[2]李景刚,何春阳,史培军,等.基于DMSP/OLS灯光数据的快速城市化过程的生态效应评价研究:以环渤海城市群地区为例[J].遥感学报,2007,11(1):115-126.(LI Jinggang,HE Chunyang,SHI Peijun,et al.The use of multisource satellite and geospatial data to study the ecological effects of urbanization:a case of the urban agglomerations in Bohai[J].Journal of Remote Sensing,2007,11(1):115-126.)
[3]刘春霞,朱康文,李月臣.成渝经济区近20年城市扩展研究:基于DMSP/OLS夜间灯光数据[J].重庆师范大学学报(自然科学版),2017,34(6):117-126.(LIUChunxia,ZHU Kangwen,LI Yuechen.Research on the urban expansion in Chengdu-Chongqing economic zone based on DMSP/OLS nighttime light data in recent 20years[J].Journal of Chongqing Normal University(Natural Science),2017,34(6):117-126.)
[4]HENDERSON M,YEH E T,GONG P,et al.Validation of urban boundaries derived from global night-time satellite imagery[J].International Journal of Remote Sensing,2003,24(3):595-609.
[5]SUTTON P,ROBERTS D,ELVIDGE C,et al.A comparison of nighttime satellite imagery and population density for the continental United States[J].Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing,1997,63(11):1303-1313.
[6]范俊甫,马廷,周成虎,等.1992-2010年基于DMSP-OLS图像的环渤海城市群空间格局变化分析[J].地球信息科学学报,2013,15(2):280-288.(FAN Junfu,MA Ting,ZHOU Chenghu,et al.Changes in spatial patterns of urban landscape in Bohai Rim from 1992to 2010using DMSP-OLS data[J].Journal of Geo-information Science,2013,15(2):280-288.)
[7]高亚红,顾羊羊,乔旭宁,等.基于夜间灯光数据的南京城镇用地提取[J].测绘科学,2017,42(6):93-98,154.(GAO Yahong,GU Yangyang,QIAO Xuning,et al.Study on extracting urban area in Nanjing based on DMSP/OLS nighttime light data[J].Science of Surveying and Mapping,2017,42(6):93-98,154.)
[8]金梦,邓顺强,杨成术,等.基于夜间灯光遥感数据多尺度城市聚类分析[J].遥感技术与应用,2017,32(5):973-982.(JIN Meng,DENG Shunqiang,YANG Chengshu,et al.Multi-scale clustering analysis on based on nighttime light image[J].Remote Sensing Technology and Application,2017,32(5):973-982.)
[9]白彩全,易行,何晨.夜间灯光遥感数据应用研究的文献计量分析:以美国国防气象卫星计划运行线扫描系统为例[J].测绘科学,2017,42(8):116-123.(BAICaiquan,YI Xing,HE Chen.Bibliometric analysis of the applications of nighttime light remote sensing data:a case study of defense meteorological satellite program operational linescan system[J].Science of Surveying and Mapping,2017,42(8):116-123.)
[10]刘纪远,张增祥,徐新良,等.21世纪初中国土地利用变化的空间格局与驱动力分析[J].地理学报,2009,64(12):1411-1420.(LIU Jiyuan,ZHANG Zengxiang,XUXinliang,et al.Spatial patterns and driving forces of land use change in China in the early 21st century[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2009,64(12):1411-1420.)
[11]ELVIDGE C D,BAUGH K E,KI E A,et al.Relation between satellite observed visible near infrared emissions population,economic activity and electric power consumption[J].International Journal of Remote Sensing,1997,18(6):1373-1379.
[12]徐卓顺.东北三省城市群的发展现状及特征[J].城市问题,2014(11):44-49.(XU Zhuoshun.The development status and characteristics of the urban agglomeration in Northeast of China[J].Urban Problems,2014(11):44-49.)
[13]何春阳,史培军,李景刚,等.基于DMSP/OLS夜间灯光数据和统计数据的中国大陆20世纪90年代城市化空间过程重建研究[J].科学通报,2006,51(7):856-861.(HE Chunyang,SHI Peijun,LI Jinggang,et al.Study on the urban spatial process reconstruction of Chinese mainland in 1990s based on DMSP/OLS night light data and statistical data[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2006,51(7):856-861.)
[14]王翠平,王豪伟,李春明,等.基于DMSP/OLS影像的我国主要城市群空间扩张特征分析[J].生态学报,2012,32(3):942-954.(WANG Cuiping,WANG Haowei,LI Chunming,et al.Analysis of the spatial expansion characteristics of major urban agglomerations in China using DMSP/OLS images[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2012,32(3):942-954.)
[15]李明阳.基于夜间灯光数据的县域经济区划方法研究:以西峡县为例[C]∥基于互联网的商业管理学术会议.武汉:科研出版社,2010:1031-1036.(LI Ming-yang.County-level economic regionalization based on open DM-SP/OLS data:a case study in Xixia[C]∥Proceedings of the Conference on Web Based Business Management.Wuhan:Scientific Research Publishing,2010:1031-1036.)
[16]邹进贵,陈艳华,田径,等.基于ArcGIS的DMSP/OLS夜间灯光影像校正模型的构建[J].测绘地理信息,2014,39(4):33-37.(ZOU Jingui,CHEN Yanhua,TIAN Jing,et al.Construction of the calibration model for DMSP/OLS nighttime light images based on ArcGIS[J].Journal of Geomatics,2014,39(4):33-37.)
[17]FAN Junfu,HE Huixin,HU Taoying,et al.Urban landscape spatial pattern estimation of cities in Shandong province using nighttime luminosity data[C]∥International Archives of the Photogrammetry,Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences.[S.l.]:[s.n.],2017:1113-1120.
[18]IMHOFF M L,LAWRENCE W T,STUTZER D C,et al.A technique for using composite DMSP/OLS“city lights”satellite data to accurately map urban areas[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,1997,61(3):361-370.
[19]国家统计局城市社会经济调查总队.中国城市统计年鉴[M].北京:中国统计出版社,1992-2012.(National Bureau of Urban Social and Economic Survey of the National Bureau of Statistics.China’s urban statistical yearbook[M].Beijing:China Statistics Press,1992-2012.)
[20]吉林省统计局.吉林统计年鉴[M].北京:中国统计出版社,1992-2012.(Statistics Bureau of Jilin Province.The statistical yearbook of Jilin[M].Beijing:China Statistics Press,1992-2012.)
[21]辽宁省统计局.辽宁统计年鉴[M].北京:中国统计出版社,1992-2012.(Statistics Bureau of Liaoning Province.The statistical yearbook of Liaoning[M].Beijing:China Statistics Press,1992-2012.)
[22]黑龙江省统计局.黑龙江统计年鉴[M].北京:中国统计出版社,1992-2012.(Statistics Bureau of Heilongjiang Province.The statistical yearbook of Heilongjiang[M].Beijing:China Statistics Press,1992-2012.)
[23]SMALL C,ELVIDGE C D,BALK D,et al.Spatial scaling of stable night lights[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2011,115(2):269-280.
[2]李景刚,何春阳,史培军,等.基于DMSP/OLS灯光数据的快速城市化过程的生态效应评价研究:以环渤海城市群地区为例[J].遥感学报,2007,11(1):115-126.(LI Jinggang,HE Chunyang,SHI Peijun,et al.The use of multisource satellite and geospatial data to study the ecological effects of urbanization:a case of the urban agglomerations in Bohai[J].Journal of Remote Sensing,2007,11(1):115-126.)
[3]刘春霞,朱康文,李月臣.成渝经济区近20年城市扩展研究:基于DMSP/OLS夜间灯光数据[J].重庆师范大学学报(自然科学版),2017,34(6):117-126.(LIUChunxia,ZHU Kangwen,LI Yuechen.Research on the urban expansion in Chengdu-Chongqing economic zone based on DMSP/OLS nighttime light data in recent 20years[J].Journal of Chongqing Normal University(Natural Science),2017,34(6):117-126.)
[4]HENDERSON M,YEH E T,GONG P,et al.Validation of urban boundaries derived from global night-time satellite imagery[J].International Journal of Remote Sensing,2003,24(3):595-609.
[5]SUTTON P,ROBERTS D,ELVIDGE C,et al.A comparison of nighttime satellite imagery and population density for the continental United States[J].Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing,1997,63(11):1303-1313.
[6]范俊甫,马廷,周成虎,等.1992-2010年基于DMSP-OLS图像的环渤海城市群空间格局变化分析[J].地球信息科学学报,2013,15(2):280-288.(FAN Junfu,MA Ting,ZHOU Chenghu,et al.Changes in spatial patterns of urban landscape in Bohai Rim from 1992to 2010using DMSP-OLS data[J].Journal of Geo-information Science,2013,15(2):280-288.)
[7]高亚红,顾羊羊,乔旭宁,等.基于夜间灯光数据的南京城镇用地提取[J].测绘科学,2017,42(6):93-98,154.(GAO Yahong,GU Yangyang,QIAO Xuning,et al.Study on extracting urban area in Nanjing based on DMSP/OLS nighttime light data[J].Science of Surveying and Mapping,2017,42(6):93-98,154.)
[8]金梦,邓顺强,杨成术,等.基于夜间灯光遥感数据多尺度城市聚类分析[J].遥感技术与应用,2017,32(5):973-982.(JIN Meng,DENG Shunqiang,YANG Chengshu,et al.Multi-scale clustering analysis on based on nighttime light image[J].Remote Sensing Technology and Application,2017,32(5):973-982.)
[9]白彩全,易行,何晨.夜间灯光遥感数据应用研究的文献计量分析:以美国国防气象卫星计划运行线扫描系统为例[J].测绘科学,2017,42(8):116-123.(BAICaiquan,YI Xing,HE Chen.Bibliometric analysis of the applications of nighttime light remote sensing data:a case study of defense meteorological satellite program operational linescan system[J].Science of Surveying and Mapping,2017,42(8):116-123.)
[10]刘纪远,张增祥,徐新良,等.21世纪初中国土地利用变化的空间格局与驱动力分析[J].地理学报,2009,64(12):1411-1420.(LIU Jiyuan,ZHANG Zengxiang,XUXinliang,et al.Spatial patterns and driving forces of land use change in China in the early 21st century[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2009,64(12):1411-1420.)
[11]ELVIDGE C D,BAUGH K E,KI E A,et al.Relation between satellite observed visible near infrared emissions population,economic activity and electric power consumption[J].International Journal of Remote Sensing,1997,18(6):1373-1379.
[12]徐卓顺.东北三省城市群的发展现状及特征[J].城市问题,2014(11):44-49.(XU Zhuoshun.The development status and characteristics of the urban agglomeration in Northeast of China[J].Urban Problems,2014(11):44-49.)
[13]何春阳,史培军,李景刚,等.基于DMSP/OLS夜间灯光数据和统计数据的中国大陆20世纪90年代城市化空间过程重建研究[J].科学通报,2006,51(7):856-861.(HE Chunyang,SHI Peijun,LI Jinggang,et al.Study on the urban spatial process reconstruction of Chinese mainland in 1990s based on DMSP/OLS night light data and statistical data[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2006,51(7):856-861.)
[14]王翠平,王豪伟,李春明,等.基于DMSP/OLS影像的我国主要城市群空间扩张特征分析[J].生态学报,2012,32(3):942-954.(WANG Cuiping,WANG Haowei,LI Chunming,et al.Analysis of the spatial expansion characteristics of major urban agglomerations in China using DMSP/OLS images[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2012,32(3):942-954.)
[15]李明阳.基于夜间灯光数据的县域经济区划方法研究:以西峡县为例[C]∥基于互联网的商业管理学术会议.武汉:科研出版社,2010:1031-1036.(LI Ming-yang.County-level economic regionalization based on open DM-SP/OLS data:a case study in Xixia[C]∥Proceedings of the Conference on Web Based Business Management.Wuhan:Scientific Research Publishing,2010:1031-1036.)
[16]邹进贵,陈艳华,田径,等.基于ArcGIS的DMSP/OLS夜间灯光影像校正模型的构建[J].测绘地理信息,2014,39(4):33-37.(ZOU Jingui,CHEN Yanhua,TIAN Jing,et al.Construction of the calibration model for DMSP/OLS nighttime light images based on ArcGIS[J].Journal of Geomatics,2014,39(4):33-37.)
[17]FAN Junfu,HE Huixin,HU Taoying,et al.Urban landscape spatial pattern estimation of cities in Shandong province using nighttime luminosity data[C]∥International Archives of the Photogrammetry,Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences.[S.l.]:[s.n.],2017:1113-1120.
[18]IMHOFF M L,LAWRENCE W T,STUTZER D C,et al.A technique for using composite DMSP/OLS“city lights”satellite data to accurately map urban areas[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,1997,61(3):361-370.
[19]国家统计局城市社会经济调查总队.中国城市统计年鉴[M].北京:中国统计出版社,1992-2012.(National Bureau of Urban Social and Economic Survey of the National Bureau of Statistics.China’s urban statistical yearbook[M].Beijing:China Statistics Press,1992-2012.)
[20]吉林省统计局.吉林统计年鉴[M].北京:中国统计出版社,1992-2012.(Statistics Bureau of Jilin Province.The statistical yearbook of Jilin[M].Beijing:China Statistics Press,1992-2012.)
[21]辽宁省统计局.辽宁统计年鉴[M].北京:中国统计出版社,1992-2012.(Statistics Bureau of Liaoning Province.The statistical yearbook of Liaoning[M].Beijing:China Statistics Press,1992-2012.)
[22]黑龙江省统计局.黑龙江统计年鉴[M].北京:中国统计出版社,1992-2012.(Statistics Bureau of Heilongjiang Province.The statistical yearbook of Heilongjiang[M].Beijing:China Statistics Press,1992-2012.)
[23]SMALL C,ELVIDGE C D,BALK D,et al.Spatial scaling of stable night lights[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2011,115(2):269-280.