种植密度对滴灌冬小麦茎秆特性及抗倒伏性能的影响
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摘要
【目的】研究新疆滴灌冬小麦抗倒伏性能适宜播种密度。【方法】在大田试验条件下,于2016～2017年冬小麦生长季,采用单因子随机区组设计,设置四个播种密度处理:M_1(525×10~4粒/hm~2),M_2(600×10~4粒/hm~2),M_3(675×10~4粒/hm~2),M_4(750×10~4粒/hm~2)。研究不同种植密度对滴灌冬小麦株高、重心高度、基部节间长度、基部节间茎粗、茎秆鲜重等形态特征和茎秆基部节间抗折力、茎秆基部节间充实度、木质素含量等理化特征的影响,以及对田间倒伏率和对产量因素的影响。【结果】滴灌冬小麦株高、基部节间长和重心高度均随着播种密度的增大而增大,茎秆基部节间木质素含量和充实度均随着密度的增加而降低。随着密度的增大各处理茎秆抗倒伏指数呈降低的趋势;产量以M_2处理为最高,为7 371.19 kg/hm~2,分别较M_3、M_1和M_4处理增加1.82%、3.45%和10.77%;田间倒伏率以M_4处理为最高,为61.1%。【结论】种植密度为675×10~4粒/hm~2时,滴灌冬小麦籽粒产量最高,茎秆高度适宜,重心高度相对较低,抗倒伏指数相对较高。
【Objective】To reveal the rules of different plant densities on stem morphology characteristic and lodging resistance of winter wheat under drip irrigation. 【Method】The field experiment was conducted with 4 plant densities: M_1(525 × 10~4/hm~2),M_2(600 × 10~4/hm~2),M_3(675 × 10~4/hm~2) and M_4(750 × 10~4/hm~2). The effects of different planting densities on the physical and chemical characteristics of winter wheat,such as height,height of center of gravity,length of base internode,stem diameter of base internode and fresh weight of stem,and the physical and chemical characteristics of internode flexural strength,internode plumpness and lignin content of stem base,and effect on yield factors and yield factors were studied.【Result】The height of the plant height,length of the basal internode and the height of the center of gravity increased with the increase of the sowing densities,and the lignin content and the plumpness of the basal internode of the stem decreased with the increase of densities. With the increase of densities,the lodging resistance index of each stalk decreased,the highest yield was M_2 treatment,which was 7,371. 19 kg/hm~2,which increased by1. 82%,3. 45% and 10. 77% compared with M_3,M_1 and M_4 respectively,and the field lodging rate was the highest of M_4 treatment,which was 61. 1%.【Conclusion】Under the conditions of this experiment,when the planting density was 600 × 10~4/hm~2,the grain yield of winter wheat was the highest,the height of stem was suitable,the height of the center of gravity was relatively low and the lodging resistance index was relatively high.
【Objective】To reveal the rules of different plant densities on stem morphology characteristic and lodging resistance of winter wheat under drip irrigation. 【Method】The field experiment was conducted with 4 plant densities: M_1(525 × 10~4/hm~2),M_2(600 × 10~4/hm~2),M_3(675 × 10~4/hm~2) and M_4(750 × 10~4/hm~2). The effects of different planting densities on the physical and chemical characteristics of winter wheat,such as height,height of center of gravity,length of base internode,stem diameter of base internode and fresh weight of stem,and the physical and chemical characteristics of internode flexural strength,internode plumpness and lignin content of stem base,and effect on yield factors and yield factors were studied.【Result】The height of the plant height,length of the basal internode and the height of the center of gravity increased with the increase of the sowing densities,and the lignin content and the plumpness of the basal internode of the stem decreased with the increase of densities. With the increase of densities,the lodging resistance index of each stalk decreased,the highest yield was M_2 treatment,which was 7,371. 19 kg/hm~2,which increased by1. 82%,3. 45% and 10. 77% compared with M_3,M_1 and M_4 respectively,and the field lodging rate was the highest of M_4 treatment,which was 61. 1%.【Conclusion】Under the conditions of this experiment,when the planting density was 600 × 10~4/hm~2,the grain yield of winter wheat was the highest,the height of stem was suitable,the height of the center of gravity was relatively low and the lodging resistance index was relatively high.
引文
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[8]张向前,陈欢,赵竹,等.密度和行距对早播小麦生长、光合及产量的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2015,35(1):86-92.ZHANG Xiang-qian,CHEN Huan,ZHAO Zhu,et al.(2015).Effect of planting density and row spacing on growth photosynthesis and yield of wheat under early sowing[J].Journal of Triticeae Crops,35(1):86-92.(in Chinese)
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[10]王勇,李晴祺,李朝恒,等.小麦品种茎秆的质量及解剖学研究[J].作物学报,1998,24(7):452-458.WANG Yong,LI Qing-qi,LI Zhao-Heng,et al.(1998).Studies on the culm quality and anatomy of wheat varieties[J].Acta Agron Sin,24(7):452-458.(in Chinese)
[11]魏凤珍,李金才,王成雨,等.氮肥运筹模式对小麦茎秆抗倒性能的影响[J].作物学报,2008,34(6):1 080-1 085.(in Chinese)WEI Feng-zhen,LI Jin-cai,WANG Cheng-yu,et al.(2008).Effects of nitrogenous fertilizer application model on culm lodging resistance in winter wheat[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,34(6):1,083-1,085.(in Chinese)
[12]房琴,王红光,马伯威,等.密度和施氮量对超高产冬小麦群体质量和产量形成的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2015,35(3):364-371.FANG Qin,WANG Hong-guang,MA Bo-wei,et al.(2015).Effect of planting density and nitrogen application rate on population quality and yield formation of super high-yielding winter wheat[J].Journal of Triticeae Crops,35(3):364-371.(in Chinese)
[13]刘万代,杜沛鑫,尹钧,等.种植密度对超高产小麦豫麦49-198籽粒产量及品质的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2008,36(35):15 402-15 404.LIU Wan-dai,DU Pei-xin,YIN Jun,et al.(2008).Effects of planting density on Grain Yield and quality of super high yield wheat Yumai 49-198[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,36(35):15,402-15,404.(in Chinese)
[14]王成雨,代兴龙,石玉华,等.氮肥水平和种植密度对冬小麦茎秆抗倒性能的影响[J].作物学报,2012,38(1):121-128.WANG Cheng-yu,DAI Xing-long,SHI Yu-hua,et al.(2012).Effects of nitrogen application rate and plant density on lodging resistance in winter wheat[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,38(1):121-128.(in Chinese)
[15]樊高琼,李金刚,王秀芳,等.氮肥和种植密度对带状种植小麦抗倒能力的影响及边际效应[J].作物学报,2012,38(7):1 307-1 317.FAN Gao-qiong,LI Jin-gang,WANG Xiu-fang,et al.(2012).Lodging resistance of winter wheat in response to nitrogen and planting density and border effect under relay intercropping condition[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,38(7):1,307-1,317.(in Chinese)
[16]冯盛烨,王光禄,王怀恩,等.种植密度与施肥量对小麦抗倒伏性能的影响[J].山东农业科学,2016,48(6):50-53.FENG Sheng-ye,WANG Guang-lu,WANG Huai-en,et al.(2016).Effects of planting density and fertilizing amount on wheat lodging resistance[J].Shandong Agricultural Sciences,48(6):50-53.(in Chinese)
[17]陈晓光,王振林,彭佃亮,等.种植密度与喷施多效唑对冬小麦抗倒伏能力和产量的影响[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(6):1 465-1 470.CHENG Xiao-guang,WANG Zhen-lin,PENG Dian-liang,et al.(2011).Effects of planting density and Paclobutrazol on lodging resistance and yield of winter wheat[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,22(6):1,465-1,470.(in Chinese)
[2]孟令志,郭宪瑞,刘宏伟,等.小麦抗倒性研究进展[J].麦类作物学报,2014,34(12):1 720-1 727.MENG Ling-zhi,GUO Xian-rui,LIU Hong-wei,et al.(2014).Research progress on lodging resistance of wheat[J].Journal of Triticeae Crops,34(12):1,720-1,727.(in Chinese)
[3]韩金玲,杨晴,周印富,等.冀东地区种植密度对小麦京冬8号抗倒伏能力和产量的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2015,35(5):667-673.HAN Jin-ling,YANG Qing,ZHOU Yin-fu,et al.(2015).Effect of planting density on lodging resistance and grain yield of winter wheat in the east of Hebei Province[J].Journal of Triticeae Crops,35(5):667-673.(in Chinese)
[4]李斌,董召荣,葛琳琳,等.密度和氮肥运筹对超高产小麦产量和群体质量的影响[J].安徽农业大学学报,2009,36(3):446-450.LI Bin,DONG Zhao-rong,GE Lin-lin,et al.(2009).Effects of density and nitrogen application on Yield and population quality of super high yield wheat[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural University,36(3):446-450.(in Chinese)
[5]余松烈.中国小麦栽培理论与实践[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社出版,2006.YU Song-lie.(2006).The theory and practice of Chinese wheat cultivation[M].Shanghai:Shanghai Scientific&Technical Publishers.(in Chinese)
[6]李金才,尹钧,魏凤珍.播种密度对冬小麦茎秆形态特征和抗倒指数的影响[J].作物学报,2005,31(5):662-666.LI Jin-cai,YIN Jun,WEI Feng-zhen.(2005).Effects of planting density on characters of culm and culm lodging resistant index in winter wheat[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,31(5):662-666.(in Chinese)
[7]刘慧婷,李瑞奇,王红光,等.密度和施氮量对强筋小麦藁优2018产量和抗倒性的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2017,37(12):1 619-1 626.LIU Hui-ting,LI Rui-qi,WANG Hong-guang,et al.(2017).Effect of plant density and nitrogen fertilization rate on lodging resistance and grain yield of strong gluten wheat Gaoyou2018[J].Journal of Triticeae Crops,37(12):1,619-1,626.(in Chinese)
[8]张向前,陈欢,赵竹,等.密度和行距对早播小麦生长、光合及产量的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2015,35(1):86-92.ZHANG Xiang-qian,CHEN Huan,ZHAO Zhu,et al.(2015).Effect of planting density and row spacing on growth photosynthesis and yield of wheat under early sowing[J].Journal of Triticeae Crops,35(1):86-92.(in Chinese)
[9]Zheng,M.,Jin,C.,Shi,Y.,Li,Y.,Yin,Y.,&Yang,D.,et al.(2017).Manipulation of lignin metabolism by plant densities and its relationship with lodging resistance in wheat.Scientific Reports,7,41805.
[10]王勇,李晴祺,李朝恒,等.小麦品种茎秆的质量及解剖学研究[J].作物学报,1998,24(7):452-458.WANG Yong,LI Qing-qi,LI Zhao-Heng,et al.(1998).Studies on the culm quality and anatomy of wheat varieties[J].Acta Agron Sin,24(7):452-458.(in Chinese)
[11]魏凤珍,李金才,王成雨,等.氮肥运筹模式对小麦茎秆抗倒性能的影响[J].作物学报,2008,34(6):1 080-1 085.(in Chinese)WEI Feng-zhen,LI Jin-cai,WANG Cheng-yu,et al.(2008).Effects of nitrogenous fertilizer application model on culm lodging resistance in winter wheat[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,34(6):1,083-1,085.(in Chinese)
[12]房琴,王红光,马伯威,等.密度和施氮量对超高产冬小麦群体质量和产量形成的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2015,35(3):364-371.FANG Qin,WANG Hong-guang,MA Bo-wei,et al.(2015).Effect of planting density and nitrogen application rate on population quality and yield formation of super high-yielding winter wheat[J].Journal of Triticeae Crops,35(3):364-371.(in Chinese)
[13]刘万代,杜沛鑫,尹钧,等.种植密度对超高产小麦豫麦49-198籽粒产量及品质的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2008,36(35):15 402-15 404.LIU Wan-dai,DU Pei-xin,YIN Jun,et al.(2008).Effects of planting density on Grain Yield and quality of super high yield wheat Yumai 49-198[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,36(35):15,402-15,404.(in Chinese)
[14]王成雨,代兴龙,石玉华,等.氮肥水平和种植密度对冬小麦茎秆抗倒性能的影响[J].作物学报,2012,38(1):121-128.WANG Cheng-yu,DAI Xing-long,SHI Yu-hua,et al.(2012).Effects of nitrogen application rate and plant density on lodging resistance in winter wheat[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,38(1):121-128.(in Chinese)
[15]樊高琼,李金刚,王秀芳,等.氮肥和种植密度对带状种植小麦抗倒能力的影响及边际效应[J].作物学报,2012,38(7):1 307-1 317.FAN Gao-qiong,LI Jin-gang,WANG Xiu-fang,et al.(2012).Lodging resistance of winter wheat in response to nitrogen and planting density and border effect under relay intercropping condition[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,38(7):1,307-1,317.(in Chinese)
[16]冯盛烨,王光禄,王怀恩,等.种植密度与施肥量对小麦抗倒伏性能的影响[J].山东农业科学,2016,48(6):50-53.FENG Sheng-ye,WANG Guang-lu,WANG Huai-en,et al.(2016).Effects of planting density and fertilizing amount on wheat lodging resistance[J].Shandong Agricultural Sciences,48(6):50-53.(in Chinese)
[17]陈晓光,王振林,彭佃亮,等.种植密度与喷施多效唑对冬小麦抗倒伏能力和产量的影响[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(6):1 465-1 470.CHENG Xiao-guang,WANG Zhen-lin,PENG Dian-liang,et al.(2011).Effects of planting density and Paclobutrazol on lodging resistance and yield of winter wheat[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,22(6):1,465-1,470.(in Chinese)