罗汉果组培苗高产栽培技术研究
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摘要
【目的】通过研究不同种植时间、不同移栽方式以及不同授粉时间等对罗汉果组培苗生长的影响,探明罗汉果组培苗高产栽培关键技术,为罗汉果组培苗推广发展提供参考和理论依据。【方法】设置5个不同的种植时间、4种不同的移栽方式、两种天气情况下6个不同的授粉时间以及3种不同的花粉贮存方式,研究罗汉果组培苗生长。【结果】随着种植时间的推移,罗汉果的裂果率逐渐增加,6月上旬尤为严重,综合考虑4月下旬种植最为理想;在4种不同移栽方式中,将小苗由小营养钵转到大钵继续在温室大棚中培育至4月中旬气温相对较高时再移栽大田定植产量最高且果径最大;在对罗汉果进行授粉时以阴凉天气下10∶00效果最佳,并且将罗汉果花粉保存在5～8℃冰箱之中可以延长花粉的活性至3 d。【结论】在桂北地区发展种植罗汉果组培苗,首先组培小苗需要转大钵在温棚培育,并在4月上旬至5月中旬种植,由此可以提早上棚、显蕾、开花结果;采集的花粉应当保存在5～8℃冰箱,并在阴凉天气8∶00～10∶00完成授粉。
【Objective】 The planting period, transplanting method and pollination time on the seedling growth of Siraitia grosvenorii plantlets were varied to investigate conditions for a high-yield cultivation practice. 【Method】 Five variations on planting periods, 4 on transplanting methods and 6 on pollination times were applied under 2 different weather conditions and 3 pollen storage methods for the experiment to determine the optimal conditions for the plantlet growth and development.【Result】Cracking of harvested S. grosvenorii nuts increased when planting was postponed in the season, especially if the planting was held in as late as early-June. A late-April planting was determined to be most desirable. The optimal seedling transplantation was conducted by transferring the seedlings from small nutrient pots to a large ones for greenhouse cultivation until mid-April when the weather became warmer. The plantlets were then transplanted to the field for latter stages of plant growth and fruiting. Pollination was best performed at 10 a.m. on a cool day. By storing in a 5-8℃ refrigerator the pollen vitality could be extended to 3 days. 【Conclusion】Planting S. grosvenorii seedlings in northern Guangxi required an initial training stage to allow the plantlets grow in a greenhouse prior to field cultivation in between early-April and mid-May. That would better the climbing ability, budding, blossoming and yielding fruit early of the plants. The collected pollens should be stored at 5-8℃, and pollination be completed between 8 and 10 a.m. under cool weather.
【Objective】 The planting period, transplanting method and pollination time on the seedling growth of Siraitia grosvenorii plantlets were varied to investigate conditions for a high-yield cultivation practice. 【Method】 Five variations on planting periods, 4 on transplanting methods and 6 on pollination times were applied under 2 different weather conditions and 3 pollen storage methods for the experiment to determine the optimal conditions for the plantlet growth and development.【Result】Cracking of harvested S. grosvenorii nuts increased when planting was postponed in the season, especially if the planting was held in as late as early-June. A late-April planting was determined to be most desirable. The optimal seedling transplantation was conducted by transferring the seedlings from small nutrient pots to a large ones for greenhouse cultivation until mid-April when the weather became warmer. The plantlets were then transplanted to the field for latter stages of plant growth and fruiting. Pollination was best performed at 10 a.m. on a cool day. By storing in a 5-8℃ refrigerator the pollen vitality could be extended to 3 days. 【Conclusion】Planting S. grosvenorii seedlings in northern Guangxi required an initial training stage to allow the plantlets grow in a greenhouse prior to field cultivation in between early-April and mid-May. That would better the climbing ability, budding, blossoming and yielding fruit early of the plants. The collected pollens should be stored at 5-8℃, and pollination be completed between 8 and 10 a.m. under cool weather.
引文
[1]刘金磊,李典鹏,黄永林,等.HPLC法测定不同生长期罗汉果甙ⅡE,Ⅲ,V的含量[J].广西植物,2007,27(4):665-668.LIU J L,LI D P,HUANG Y L,et al.Determination of mogrol glycosides from fruits of Siraitia grosvenorii in different growing ages by HPLC[J].Guihaia,2007,27(4):665-668.(in Chinese)
[2]陈全斌,义祥辉,余丽娟,等.不同生长周期的罗汉果鲜果中甜甙Ⅴ和总黄酮含量变化规律研究[J].广西植物,2005,25(3):274-277.CHEN Q B,YI X H ,YU L J,et al.Study on the variation of mogroside V and flavone glycoside in Siraitia grosvenorii fresh-fruits in different growth periods[J].Guihaia,2005,25(3):274-277.(in Chinese)
[3]李典鹏,黄永林,刘金磊,等.HPLC 法测定罗汉果中罗汉果苷ⅡE、苷Ⅲ的含量[J].天然产物研究与开发,2006,18:850-853.LI D P,HUANG Y L,LIU J L,et al.Quantitative Determination of MogrosidesⅡ E and Ⅲ in the Fruit of Siraitia grosvenorii by HPLC[J].Nat Prod Res Dev,2006,18:850-853.(in Chinese)
[4]秦碧霞 ,蔡健和,刘志明,等.罗汉果花叶病毒(WMV-2-Luo)抗血清制备及 ELISA 检测技术研究[J].西南农业学报,2001,14(4):14-16.QIN B X,CAI J H,LIU Z M,et al.Polyclonal antiserum preparation and ELISA detection of Luohanguo mosaic virus(WMV-2-Luo)[J].Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2001,14(4):14-16.(in Chinese)
[5]刘耕源,蒋道俊.罗汉果组培苗下山栽培的几个关键技术[J].南方园艺,2009,20(5):22-23.LIU G Y,JIANG D J.Several key techniques of tissue culture seedlings from Siraitia grosvenorii mountain[J].Southern Horticulture,2009,20(05):22-23.(in Chinese)
[6]张雅昕,白先达,邹玲,等.罗汉果生长气象条件分析[J].广西气象,2004(3):25-27.ZHANG Y X,BAI X D,ZOU L,et al.Analysis on Meteorological Condition for Fructus Momordicae Growth[J].Jouturnal of Guangxi Meteorology,2004(3):25-27.(in Chinese)
[7]白先达,赵洪,唐更生,等.气象条件对罗汉果生长影响的分析[J].江西农业学报,2009,21(7):113-116.BAI X D,ZHAO H,TANG G S,et al.Analysis of Meteorological Condition Influence on Growth of Siraitia grosvenori[J].Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi,2009,21(7):113-116.(in Chinese)
[8]蒋水元,邓业成,李锋,等.罗汉果组培苗营养动态与施肥技术研究[J].广西科学,2010,17(4):382-386.JIANG S Y,DENG Y C,LI F,et al.Reseach on Nutrient Dynamic and Fertilization Technology of Tissue Cultured Plantlets of Siraitia grosvenorii(Swingle)C.Jeffrey[J].Guangxi Sciences,2010,17(4):382- 386.
[9]潘丽梅,马小军,莫长明,等.罗汉果组培苗移栽条件优化及施肥试验[J].广东农业科学,2014,41(11):29-32.PAN L M,MA X J,MO C M,et al.Transplanting condition optimization and fertilizingtest on in vitro plantlets of Siraitia grosvenorii[J].Guangdong Agricultural Sciences,2014,41(11):29-32.
[10]冯世鑫,莫长明,唐其,等.枯草芽孢杆菌肥在罗汉果上应用的效应分析[J].广西植物,2015,35(6):807-811.FENG S X,MO C M,TANG Q,et al.Effects of the bio-fertilizer of Bacillus subtilis on the application of Siraitia grosvenorii[J].Guihaia,2015,35(6):807-811.(in Chinese)
[11]康公平,李建新,高健强,等.罗汉果种质资源创新研究进展[J].安徽农学通报,2017,23(14):127-128.KANG G P,LI J X,GAO J Q,et al.Advance in the Germplasm Resources Creation of Siraitia grosvenorii[J].Anhui Agri Sci Bull,2017,23(14):127-128.(in Chinese)
[12]马静,杨晓红,马小军,等.罗汉果微量元素的花粉直感效应研究[J].广西植物,2009,29(6):905-908.MA J,YANG X H,MA X J,et al.Study on xenia effect on trace elements of Siraitia grosvenorii[J].Guihaia,2009,29(6):905-908.(in Chinese)
[13]陈继富,田启建,刘世彪.不同栽培方式对罗汉果生长、结果及品质的影响[J].热带作物学报,2012,33(12):2185-2189.CHEN J F,TIAN Q J,LIU S B.Effects of Different Cultivation Modes on Growth,Fructification and Fruit Quality of Siraitia grosvenorii[J].Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops,2012,33(12):2185-2189.(in Chinese)
[14]林贵美,吴代东,李朝生,等.桂南地区罗汉果的引种栽培与品质分析[J].中国农业科技导报,2007,9(5):115-119.LIN G M,WU D D,LI C S,et al.Introduction Cultivation and Quality Analysis of Siraitia grosvenorii in South Guangxi Region[J].Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology,2007,9(5):115-119.(in Chinese)
[15]蒋水元,李锋,李虹,等.罗汉果组培苗生物学特性研究[J].广西植物,2008,28(5):640-644.JIANG S Y,LI F,LI H,et al.Biological characteristics of tissue cultured plantlets of Siraitia grosvenorii[J].Guihaia,2008,28(5):640-644.(in Chinese)
[16]陈继富,田启建.罗汉果组培苗在湖南湘西地区的引种研究[J].北方园艺,2010(21):206-209.CHEN J F,TIAN Q J.Study on the introduction of tissue culture seedlings of Siraitia grosvenorii in western Hunan[J].Northern Horticulture,2010(21):206-209.(in Chinese)
[17]何金旺.高寒山区罗汉果组培苗品比试验初报[J].广西农学报,2007,22(S1):87-89.HE J W.A preliminary report on the comparison of tissue culture of seedlings Siraitia grosvenorii in alpine region[J].Journal of Guangxi Agriculture,2007,22(S1):87-89.(in Chinese)
[18]秦芳,薛进军.不同罗汉果苗生长及结果特性初探[J].广西农业科学,2008,39(1):78-79.QIN F,XUE J J.Bearing characteristics and grafted seedling growth of Siraitia grosvenorii[J].Guangxi Agricultural Sciences,2008,39(1):78-79.(in Chinese)
[19]李锋,蒋汉明,江新能,等.罗汉果组培苗的栽培研究[J].广西植物,1990,10(4):359-363.LI F,JIANG H M,JIANG X N,et al.Study on the cultivation of tissue culture seedlings of Siraitia grosvenorii[J].Guihaia,1990,10(4):359-363.(in Chinese)
[20]何金旺.培育罗汉果优质大果的关键措施[J].广西农学报,2006,23(3):44-45.HE J W.Key measures to cultivate high quality fruit of Siraitia grosvenorii[J].Journal of Guangxi Agriculture,2006,23(3):44-45.
[2]陈全斌,义祥辉,余丽娟,等.不同生长周期的罗汉果鲜果中甜甙Ⅴ和总黄酮含量变化规律研究[J].广西植物,2005,25(3):274-277.CHEN Q B,YI X H ,YU L J,et al.Study on the variation of mogroside V and flavone glycoside in Siraitia grosvenorii fresh-fruits in different growth periods[J].Guihaia,2005,25(3):274-277.(in Chinese)
[3]李典鹏,黄永林,刘金磊,等.HPLC 法测定罗汉果中罗汉果苷ⅡE、苷Ⅲ的含量[J].天然产物研究与开发,2006,18:850-853.LI D P,HUANG Y L,LIU J L,et al.Quantitative Determination of MogrosidesⅡ E and Ⅲ in the Fruit of Siraitia grosvenorii by HPLC[J].Nat Prod Res Dev,2006,18:850-853.(in Chinese)
[4]秦碧霞 ,蔡健和,刘志明,等.罗汉果花叶病毒(WMV-2-Luo)抗血清制备及 ELISA 检测技术研究[J].西南农业学报,2001,14(4):14-16.QIN B X,CAI J H,LIU Z M,et al.Polyclonal antiserum preparation and ELISA detection of Luohanguo mosaic virus(WMV-2-Luo)[J].Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2001,14(4):14-16.(in Chinese)
[5]刘耕源,蒋道俊.罗汉果组培苗下山栽培的几个关键技术[J].南方园艺,2009,20(5):22-23.LIU G Y,JIANG D J.Several key techniques of tissue culture seedlings from Siraitia grosvenorii mountain[J].Southern Horticulture,2009,20(05):22-23.(in Chinese)
[6]张雅昕,白先达,邹玲,等.罗汉果生长气象条件分析[J].广西气象,2004(3):25-27.ZHANG Y X,BAI X D,ZOU L,et al.Analysis on Meteorological Condition for Fructus Momordicae Growth[J].Jouturnal of Guangxi Meteorology,2004(3):25-27.(in Chinese)
[7]白先达,赵洪,唐更生,等.气象条件对罗汉果生长影响的分析[J].江西农业学报,2009,21(7):113-116.BAI X D,ZHAO H,TANG G S,et al.Analysis of Meteorological Condition Influence on Growth of Siraitia grosvenori[J].Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi,2009,21(7):113-116.(in Chinese)
[8]蒋水元,邓业成,李锋,等.罗汉果组培苗营养动态与施肥技术研究[J].广西科学,2010,17(4):382-386.JIANG S Y,DENG Y C,LI F,et al.Reseach on Nutrient Dynamic and Fertilization Technology of Tissue Cultured Plantlets of Siraitia grosvenorii(Swingle)C.Jeffrey[J].Guangxi Sciences,2010,17(4):382- 386.
[9]潘丽梅,马小军,莫长明,等.罗汉果组培苗移栽条件优化及施肥试验[J].广东农业科学,2014,41(11):29-32.PAN L M,MA X J,MO C M,et al.Transplanting condition optimization and fertilizingtest on in vitro plantlets of Siraitia grosvenorii[J].Guangdong Agricultural Sciences,2014,41(11):29-32.
[10]冯世鑫,莫长明,唐其,等.枯草芽孢杆菌肥在罗汉果上应用的效应分析[J].广西植物,2015,35(6):807-811.FENG S X,MO C M,TANG Q,et al.Effects of the bio-fertilizer of Bacillus subtilis on the application of Siraitia grosvenorii[J].Guihaia,2015,35(6):807-811.(in Chinese)
[11]康公平,李建新,高健强,等.罗汉果种质资源创新研究进展[J].安徽农学通报,2017,23(14):127-128.KANG G P,LI J X,GAO J Q,et al.Advance in the Germplasm Resources Creation of Siraitia grosvenorii[J].Anhui Agri Sci Bull,2017,23(14):127-128.(in Chinese)
[12]马静,杨晓红,马小军,等.罗汉果微量元素的花粉直感效应研究[J].广西植物,2009,29(6):905-908.MA J,YANG X H,MA X J,et al.Study on xenia effect on trace elements of Siraitia grosvenorii[J].Guihaia,2009,29(6):905-908.(in Chinese)
[13]陈继富,田启建,刘世彪.不同栽培方式对罗汉果生长、结果及品质的影响[J].热带作物学报,2012,33(12):2185-2189.CHEN J F,TIAN Q J,LIU S B.Effects of Different Cultivation Modes on Growth,Fructification and Fruit Quality of Siraitia grosvenorii[J].Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops,2012,33(12):2185-2189.(in Chinese)
[14]林贵美,吴代东,李朝生,等.桂南地区罗汉果的引种栽培与品质分析[J].中国农业科技导报,2007,9(5):115-119.LIN G M,WU D D,LI C S,et al.Introduction Cultivation and Quality Analysis of Siraitia grosvenorii in South Guangxi Region[J].Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology,2007,9(5):115-119.(in Chinese)
[15]蒋水元,李锋,李虹,等.罗汉果组培苗生物学特性研究[J].广西植物,2008,28(5):640-644.JIANG S Y,LI F,LI H,et al.Biological characteristics of tissue cultured plantlets of Siraitia grosvenorii[J].Guihaia,2008,28(5):640-644.(in Chinese)
[16]陈继富,田启建.罗汉果组培苗在湖南湘西地区的引种研究[J].北方园艺,2010(21):206-209.CHEN J F,TIAN Q J.Study on the introduction of tissue culture seedlings of Siraitia grosvenorii in western Hunan[J].Northern Horticulture,2010(21):206-209.(in Chinese)
[17]何金旺.高寒山区罗汉果组培苗品比试验初报[J].广西农学报,2007,22(S1):87-89.HE J W.A preliminary report on the comparison of tissue culture of seedlings Siraitia grosvenorii in alpine region[J].Journal of Guangxi Agriculture,2007,22(S1):87-89.(in Chinese)
[18]秦芳,薛进军.不同罗汉果苗生长及结果特性初探[J].广西农业科学,2008,39(1):78-79.QIN F,XUE J J.Bearing characteristics and grafted seedling growth of Siraitia grosvenorii[J].Guangxi Agricultural Sciences,2008,39(1):78-79.(in Chinese)
[19]李锋,蒋汉明,江新能,等.罗汉果组培苗的栽培研究[J].广西植物,1990,10(4):359-363.LI F,JIANG H M,JIANG X N,et al.Study on the cultivation of tissue culture seedlings of Siraitia grosvenorii[J].Guihaia,1990,10(4):359-363.(in Chinese)
[20]何金旺.培育罗汉果优质大果的关键措施[J].广西农学报,2006,23(3):44-45.HE J W.Key measures to cultivate high quality fruit of Siraitia grosvenorii[J].Journal of Guangxi Agriculture,2006,23(3):44-45.