苹果枝条不同覆盖方式对果园土壤理化性质的影响
|
摘要
以‘寒富’苹果园为对象,研究不同覆盖方式包括冬季修剪枝条(粉碎枝条埋土(I)和成段枝条埋土(Ⅱ))和夏季修剪枝条(绿枝埋土(Ⅲ)和绿枝(Ⅳ))对果园土壤水分、养分和酶活性的影响。结果表明:苹果枝条覆盖能增加果园土壤水分含量,对土壤养分和土壤酶活性的影响不同。夏季修剪枝条覆盖土壤有机质、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾含量以及土壤酶活性均高于冬季修剪枝条覆盖,总体上表现为绿枝覆盖>绿枝埋土覆盖>成段枝条覆盖>粉碎枝条埋土覆盖>清耕。因此,夏季修剪枝条可直接作为覆盖材料进行果园地表覆盖,冬季修剪的苹果枝条应剪成段埋土覆盖。
Taking ‘Hanfu’ apple orchard as test object,the effects of different surface mulching patterns which were winter pruning branches mulching(crushed branches covered with soil(Ⅰ)and sectioned branches covered with soil(Ⅱ))and summer pruning branches(growing branches covered with soil(Ⅲ)and growing branches(Ⅳ))on soil moisture contents,nutrient contents and enzyme activities in this orchard were studied.The results showed that apple branches mulching could increase soil moisture content in orchard,and had different effects on soil nutrients and soil enzyme activity.Summer pruning branches mulching had higher contents of soil organic matter,alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content,available phosphorus content,available potassium content and enzyme activities in soil than winter pruning branches mulching,in the order Ⅳ>Ⅲ>Ⅱ>Ⅰ>CK.Therefore,the summer pruning branches could be directly mulched on the soil surface,while the winter pruning branches should be cut into sections to be buried in soil.
Taking ‘Hanfu’ apple orchard as test object,the effects of different surface mulching patterns which were winter pruning branches mulching(crushed branches covered with soil(Ⅰ)and sectioned branches covered with soil(Ⅱ))and summer pruning branches(growing branches covered with soil(Ⅲ)and growing branches(Ⅳ))on soil moisture contents,nutrient contents and enzyme activities in this orchard were studied.The results showed that apple branches mulching could increase soil moisture content in orchard,and had different effects on soil nutrients and soil enzyme activity.Summer pruning branches mulching had higher contents of soil organic matter,alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content,available phosphorus content,available potassium content and enzyme activities in soil than winter pruning branches mulching,in the order Ⅳ>Ⅲ>Ⅱ>Ⅰ>CK.Therefore,the summer pruning branches could be directly mulched on the soil surface,while the winter pruning branches should be cut into sections to be buried in soil.
引文
[1]国家苹果产业技术体系首席科学家办公室.2017年苹果产业发展趋势与建议[J].果农之友,2017(5):1-3.
[2]李明霞,杜社妮,白岗栓,等.渭北黄土高原苹果生产中的问题及解决方案[J].水土保持研究,2010,17(4):252-257.
[3]张超,李爱梅,周旭,等.地面覆盖对渭北旱地苹果园土壤理化性质与果实产量、品质的影响[J].西北农业学报,2017,26(4):609-616.
[4]曹欣冉,安贵阳,张紫嫣.几种覆盖方式对旱地苹果园土壤养分、酶活性及树体生长的影响[J].西北农业学报,2016,25(5):788-794.
[5]CHANTIGNY M H.Dissolved and water-extractable organic matter in soils:A review on the influence of land use and management practices[J].Geoderma,2003,113(3):357-380.
[6]张乃文,董彩霞,徐阳春.梨树修剪枝和果实从树体移走的养分研究[J].南京农业大学学报,2013,36(4):37-42.
[7]袁敏.果树枝条覆盖对土壤微生物数量与多样性的影响[J].内蒙古农业大学学报(自然科学版),2017(3):36-43.
[8]赵鹏,詹国勤,徐加宽,等.梨园秸秆和修剪枝条的还田效果研究[J].南京农业大学学报,2015,38(4):610-616.
[9]SNCHEZ A,YSUNZA F,BELTRN-GARCA M J,et al.Biodegradation of viticulture wastes by Pleurotus:A source of microbial and human food and its potential use in animal feeding[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2002,50(9):2537-2542.
[10]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1981.
[11]关松荫.土壤酶及其研究方法[M].北京:农业出版社,1986.
[12]卜玉山,王建程,邵海林,等.不同覆盖材料土壤生态效应与玉米增产效应研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2005,13(2):138-141.
[13]RAMAKRISHNA A,TAM H M,WANI S P,et al.Effect of mulch on soil temperature,moisture,weed infestation and yield of groundnut in northern Vietnam[J].Field Crops Research,2006,95(2):115-125.
[14]严正升,郭忠升,宁婷,等.枝条覆盖对半干旱黄土丘陵区平茬柠条林地土壤水分的影响[J].生态学报,2016(21):6872-6878.
[15]王慧杰,冯瑞云,张志军,等.不同有机覆盖物对土壤水分蒸发的影响[J].山西农业科学,2009,37(6):42-44,49.
[16]ZINK T A,ALLEN M F.The effects of organic amendmenis on the restoration of a disturbed coastal sage scurb habitat[J].Restoration Rcol,1998(6):52-58.
[17]阚丽艳,奚霄松,何晓颖,等.有机覆盖物对城市园林植物土壤养分状况的影响[J].上海交通大学学报(农业科学版),2014,32(1):79-88.
[18]周继华,张立秋,刘宝文,等.环绕式滴灌条件下不同枝条覆盖对苹果品质和产量的影响[J].中国园艺文摘,2014,30(1):34-36.
[19]李全起,陈雨海,于舜章,等.覆盖与灌溉条件下农田耕层土壤养分含量的动态变化[J].水土保持学报,2006,20(1):37-40.
[20]PAUL E A,CLARK F E.Soil microbiology and biochemistry[M].San Diego:Academic Press,1989.
[21]薛立,陈红跃,邝立刚.湿地松混交林地土壤养分,微生物和酶活性的研究[J].应用生态学报,2003(1):157-159.
[22]温晓霞,殷瑞敬,高茂盛,等.不同覆盖模式下旱作苹果园土壤酶活性和微生物数量时空动态研究[J].西北农业学报,2011,20(11):82-88.
[23]李志刚,谢应忠.翻埋与覆盖林木枝条改善宁夏沙化土壤性质[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(10):174-181.
[24]杨文权,寇建村,贺璐,等.起垄后不同覆盖方式对苹果园土壤微生物和酶活性的影响[J].土壤通报,2014,45(6):1377-1382.
[2]李明霞,杜社妮,白岗栓,等.渭北黄土高原苹果生产中的问题及解决方案[J].水土保持研究,2010,17(4):252-257.
[3]张超,李爱梅,周旭,等.地面覆盖对渭北旱地苹果园土壤理化性质与果实产量、品质的影响[J].西北农业学报,2017,26(4):609-616.
[4]曹欣冉,安贵阳,张紫嫣.几种覆盖方式对旱地苹果园土壤养分、酶活性及树体生长的影响[J].西北农业学报,2016,25(5):788-794.
[5]CHANTIGNY M H.Dissolved and water-extractable organic matter in soils:A review on the influence of land use and management practices[J].Geoderma,2003,113(3):357-380.
[6]张乃文,董彩霞,徐阳春.梨树修剪枝和果实从树体移走的养分研究[J].南京农业大学学报,2013,36(4):37-42.
[7]袁敏.果树枝条覆盖对土壤微生物数量与多样性的影响[J].内蒙古农业大学学报(自然科学版),2017(3):36-43.
[8]赵鹏,詹国勤,徐加宽,等.梨园秸秆和修剪枝条的还田效果研究[J].南京农业大学学报,2015,38(4):610-616.
[9]SNCHEZ A,YSUNZA F,BELTRN-GARCA M J,et al.Biodegradation of viticulture wastes by Pleurotus:A source of microbial and human food and its potential use in animal feeding[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2002,50(9):2537-2542.
[10]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1981.
[11]关松荫.土壤酶及其研究方法[M].北京:农业出版社,1986.
[12]卜玉山,王建程,邵海林,等.不同覆盖材料土壤生态效应与玉米增产效应研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2005,13(2):138-141.
[13]RAMAKRISHNA A,TAM H M,WANI S P,et al.Effect of mulch on soil temperature,moisture,weed infestation and yield of groundnut in northern Vietnam[J].Field Crops Research,2006,95(2):115-125.
[14]严正升,郭忠升,宁婷,等.枝条覆盖对半干旱黄土丘陵区平茬柠条林地土壤水分的影响[J].生态学报,2016(21):6872-6878.
[15]王慧杰,冯瑞云,张志军,等.不同有机覆盖物对土壤水分蒸发的影响[J].山西农业科学,2009,37(6):42-44,49.
[16]ZINK T A,ALLEN M F.The effects of organic amendmenis on the restoration of a disturbed coastal sage scurb habitat[J].Restoration Rcol,1998(6):52-58.
[17]阚丽艳,奚霄松,何晓颖,等.有机覆盖物对城市园林植物土壤养分状况的影响[J].上海交通大学学报(农业科学版),2014,32(1):79-88.
[18]周继华,张立秋,刘宝文,等.环绕式滴灌条件下不同枝条覆盖对苹果品质和产量的影响[J].中国园艺文摘,2014,30(1):34-36.
[19]李全起,陈雨海,于舜章,等.覆盖与灌溉条件下农田耕层土壤养分含量的动态变化[J].水土保持学报,2006,20(1):37-40.
[20]PAUL E A,CLARK F E.Soil microbiology and biochemistry[M].San Diego:Academic Press,1989.
[21]薛立,陈红跃,邝立刚.湿地松混交林地土壤养分,微生物和酶活性的研究[J].应用生态学报,2003(1):157-159.
[22]温晓霞,殷瑞敬,高茂盛,等.不同覆盖模式下旱作苹果园土壤酶活性和微生物数量时空动态研究[J].西北农业学报,2011,20(11):82-88.
[23]李志刚,谢应忠.翻埋与覆盖林木枝条改善宁夏沙化土壤性质[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(10):174-181.
[24]杨文权,寇建村,贺璐,等.起垄后不同覆盖方式对苹果园土壤微生物和酶活性的影响[J].土壤通报,2014,45(6):1377-1382.