三峡水库和下游河道泥沙模拟与调控技术研究
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摘要
三峡工程泥沙问题是贯穿三峡工程论证、设计、施工、运行中的关键技术问题之一,针对三峡水库蓄水运用以来出现的新情况、新问题和新需求,开展了三峡水库和下游河道泥沙模拟与调控技术研究,取得了如下主要成果:揭示了三峡水库泥沙絮凝规律、清水冲刷条件下推移质输沙及河床二次粗化机理、坝下游典型滩群演变与水库水沙过程调节的响应关系;提升了水库和坝下游河道泥沙数学模型技术,大幅提高了模拟精度;建立了三峡入库泥沙预测模式,提出了三峡入库新水沙系列;揭示了长江与洞庭湖、长江与鄱阳湖江湖分汇关系调整机理及变化趋势;研发了透水坝头和台阶式坝头两种新型航道整治结构技术;提出了三峡水库泥沙调控与多目标优化调度方案,优化了"蓄清排浑"运用方式,拓展了三峡工程综合效益,为三峡工程高效安全运行提供了技术支撑。
As the problem of sediment siltation is one of the key technical problems throughout the demonstration,design,construction and operation of the Three Gorges Project,the study on the sediment simulation and regulation techniques for the Three Gorges Reservoir and its downstream reach is carried out in accordance with the new situations,new problems and new demands occurred since the impoundment and operation of the reservoir,from which the main following results are obtained;i. e. the sediment flocculation law of the Three Gorges Reservoir,the bed-load transport and the secondary coarsening mechanism of the riverbed under the condition of clear-water scouring and the response relation between the evolution of the typical downstream shoals of the dam and the flow-sediment regulation of the reservoir are revealed; the mathematical sediment modeling techniques for the reservoir and its downstream reach are improved along with significant increases of the simulating accuracies; the predicting mode for the inflowing sediment is established and a new water-sediment inflow series for the Three Gorges Reservoir is put forward; the regulatory mechanism and evolutionary trend of the river-lake divergence-convergence relationship between the Yangtze River and Dongting Lake as well as Poyang Lake are exposed; the technologies of two types of new waterway regulating structures,namely,permeable groyne head and stepped groyne head are developed; furthermore,the sediment regulation and multi-objective optimal operation scheme for the Three Gorges Reservoir is proposed,from which the operation mode of "storing the clear water and releasing the muddy"is optimized,while the comprehensive benefit of the Three Gorges Project is extended as well,thus the relevant scientific and technical supports are provided for the efficient and safe operation of the Three Gorges Project.
As the problem of sediment siltation is one of the key technical problems throughout the demonstration,design,construction and operation of the Three Gorges Project,the study on the sediment simulation and regulation techniques for the Three Gorges Reservoir and its downstream reach is carried out in accordance with the new situations,new problems and new demands occurred since the impoundment and operation of the reservoir,from which the main following results are obtained;i. e. the sediment flocculation law of the Three Gorges Reservoir,the bed-load transport and the secondary coarsening mechanism of the riverbed under the condition of clear-water scouring and the response relation between the evolution of the typical downstream shoals of the dam and the flow-sediment regulation of the reservoir are revealed; the mathematical sediment modeling techniques for the reservoir and its downstream reach are improved along with significant increases of the simulating accuracies; the predicting mode for the inflowing sediment is established and a new water-sediment inflow series for the Three Gorges Reservoir is put forward; the regulatory mechanism and evolutionary trend of the river-lake divergence-convergence relationship between the Yangtze River and Dongting Lake as well as Poyang Lake are exposed; the technologies of two types of new waterway regulating structures,namely,permeable groyne head and stepped groyne head are developed; furthermore,the sediment regulation and multi-objective optimal operation scheme for the Three Gorges Reservoir is proposed,from which the operation mode of "storing the clear water and releasing the muddy"is optimized,while the comprehensive benefit of the Three Gorges Project is extended as well,thus the relevant scientific and technical supports are provided for the efficient and safe operation of the Three Gorges Project.
引文
[1]水利部长江水利委员会.长江三峡水利枢纽初步设计报告[R].武汉:水利部长江水利委员会,1992.
[2]胡春宏,方春明,陈绪坚,等.三峡工程泥沙运动规律与调控技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2017.
[3]胡春宏,李丹勋,方春明,等.三峡工程泥沙模拟与调控[M].北京:水利水电出版社,2017.
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[7]王延贵,曾险,苏佳林,等.三峡水库蓄水后重庆河段冲淤特性研究[J].泥沙研究,2017,42(4):1-8.
[8]假冬冬,黑鹏飞,邵学军,等.分层岸滩侧蚀坍塌过程及其水动力响应模拟[J].水科学进展,2014,25(1):83-89.
[9]段炎冲,李丹勋,王兴奎.长江上游梯级水库群拦沙效果分析[J].四川大学报(工程科学版),2015,47(6):15-23.
[10]周曼,徐涛.三峡水利枢纽多目标优化调度及其综合效益分析[J].水力发电学报,2014,33(3):55-60.
[11]周曼,黄仁勇,徐涛.三峡水库尾泥沙减淤调度研究与实践[J].水力发电学报,2015,34(4):98-104.
[12]JIA D D,SHAO X T,ZHANG X N,et al.Morphological responses in a meandering and island-braided reach of the Middle Yangtze River to Three Gorges Reservoir impoundment[J].International journal of sediment research,2016,31(2):131-138.
[13]方春明,胡春宏,陈绪坚.三峡水库运用对荆江口分流及洞庭湖的影响[J].水利学报,2014,45(1):36-41.
[14]徐照明,胡维忠,游中琼.三峡水库运用后鄱阳湖区枯水情势及成因分析[J].人民长江,2014,45(7):18-22.
[2]胡春宏,方春明,陈绪坚,等.三峡工程泥沙运动规律与调控技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2017.
[3]胡春宏,李丹勋,方春明,等.三峡工程泥沙模拟与调控[M].北京:水利水电出版社,2017.
[4]陈绪坚,郑邦民,胡春宏.三峡水库泥沙运动随机分析[J].泥沙研究,2013,38(6):6-11.
[5]WANG D W,JI Z W,DONG Z D,et al.Mechanism of sediment flocs formation in the Three Gorges Reservoir[J].Advance materials research,2014,955-959:2988-2995.
[6]孟震,陈槐,李丹勋.推移质平衡输沙率公式研究[J].水利学报,2015,46(9):1080-1088.
[7]王延贵,曾险,苏佳林,等.三峡水库蓄水后重庆河段冲淤特性研究[J].泥沙研究,2017,42(4):1-8.
[8]假冬冬,黑鹏飞,邵学军,等.分层岸滩侧蚀坍塌过程及其水动力响应模拟[J].水科学进展,2014,25(1):83-89.
[9]段炎冲,李丹勋,王兴奎.长江上游梯级水库群拦沙效果分析[J].四川大学报(工程科学版),2015,47(6):15-23.
[10]周曼,徐涛.三峡水利枢纽多目标优化调度及其综合效益分析[J].水力发电学报,2014,33(3):55-60.
[11]周曼,黄仁勇,徐涛.三峡水库尾泥沙减淤调度研究与实践[J].水力发电学报,2015,34(4):98-104.
[12]JIA D D,SHAO X T,ZHANG X N,et al.Morphological responses in a meandering and island-braided reach of the Middle Yangtze River to Three Gorges Reservoir impoundment[J].International journal of sediment research,2016,31(2):131-138.
[13]方春明,胡春宏,陈绪坚.三峡水库运用对荆江口分流及洞庭湖的影响[J].水利学报,2014,45(1):36-41.
[14]徐照明,胡维忠,游中琼.三峡水库运用后鄱阳湖区枯水情势及成因分析[J].人民长江,2014,45(7):18-22.