基于结构与材料参数的S形薄壁梁抗撞性与轻量化研究
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摘要
以车身前部吸能部件前纵梁结构中常见方形截面S形薄壁梁为研究对象,探讨了如何通过合理引入诱导槽和加强筋设计提高其抗撞性,及基于材料属性实现轻量化设计。根据诱导槽位置分布、个数和加强筋分布的不同建立8种有限元模型,通过仿真优选了两种吸能特性较好的结构模型;在此基础上,以质量为约束,结构几何尺寸为设计变量,提高抗撞性为目标,对其中带有加强筋的S形薄壁梁进行多目标优化,并基于高精度代理模型快速获得了最优设计参数;对比碰撞力-位移仿真曲线与理论曲线,验证了优化模型的有效性;通过将加强筋板的材料改为镁铝合金,进一步实现了轻量化设计。研究成果为实现薄壁梁结构的抗撞性优化与轻量化提供新的解决方案。
A systemic investigation was done for the improvement of the crashworthiness of an automobile front rail structure,that was a S-shaped thin-walled beam with square section,by introducing inducting grooves and stiffeners,as well as by realizing lightweight design based on material properties. Eight finite element models were established according to the position distribution,number of inducting grooves and the position distribution of stiffeners. Considering the total mass as a constraint condition and geometrical parameters as design variables,the crashworthiness optimization design of the S-shaped thin-walled beam with stiffeners was carried out based on high precision surrogate models. The validity of the optimization model was verified by the comparison between simulated and theoretical force-displacement curves. The material of the stiffeners was changed to magnesium-aluminum alloy to realize lightweight design. The results provide a novel strategy for crashworthiness optimization and lightweight design of thin-walled beam structures.
A systemic investigation was done for the improvement of the crashworthiness of an automobile front rail structure,that was a S-shaped thin-walled beam with square section,by introducing inducting grooves and stiffeners,as well as by realizing lightweight design based on material properties. Eight finite element models were established according to the position distribution,number of inducting grooves and the position distribution of stiffeners. Considering the total mass as a constraint condition and geometrical parameters as design variables,the crashworthiness optimization design of the S-shaped thin-walled beam with stiffeners was carried out based on high precision surrogate models. The validity of the optimization model was verified by the comparison between simulated and theoretical force-displacement curves. The material of the stiffeners was changed to magnesium-aluminum alloy to realize lightweight design. The results provide a novel strategy for crashworthiness optimization and lightweight design of thin-walled beam structures.
引文
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[2]ZHOU Y,LAN F,CHEN J.Crashworthiness research on S-shaped front rails made of steel-aluminum hybrid materials[J].Thin-Walled Structures,2011,49(2):291-297.
[3]郝亮,徐涛,吉野辰萌,等.参数化诱导槽设计的吸能盒结构抗撞性多目标优化[J].吉林大学学报(工学版),2013,43(1):39-44.HAO Liang,XU Tao,YOSHINO Tatsuo,et al.Multiobjective optimization for crashworthiness of crash box with parameterized inducing grooves[J].Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology),2013,43(1):39-44.
[4]COSTAS M,DAZ J,ROMERA L,et al.A multi-objective surrogate-based optimization of the crashworthiness of a hybrid impact absorber[J].International Journal of Mechanical Sciences,2014,88(13):46-54.
[5]TANLAK N,SONMEZ F O.Optimal shape design of thinwalled tubes under high-velocity axial impact loads[J].Thin-Walled Structures,2014,84:302-312.
[6]ASANJARANI A,DIBAJIAN S H,MAHDIAN A.Multiobjective crashworthiness optimization of tapered thin-walled square tubes with indentations[J].Thin-Walled Structures,2017,116:26-36.
[7]HUSSAIN N N,REGALLA S P,RAO Y V D.Comparative study of trigger configuration for enhancement of crashworthiness of automobile crash box subjected to axial impact loading[J].Procedia Engineering,2017,173:1390-1398.
[8]KIM H S,WIERZBICKI T.Effect of the cross-sectional shape of hat-type cross-sections on crash resistance of an“S”-frame[J].Thin-Walled Structures,2001,39(7):535-554.
[9]BEIK V,FARD M,JAZAR R.Crashworthiness of tapered thin-walled S-shaped structures[J].Thin-Walled Structures,2016,102:139-147.
[10]ZHOU C,WANG B,MA J,et al.Dynamic axial crushing of origami crash boxes[J].International Journal of Mechanical Sciences,2016,118:1-12.
[11]FANG J,QIU N,AN X,et al.Crashworthiness design of a steel-aluminum hybrid rail using multi-response objectiveoriented sequential optimization[J].Advances in Engineering Software,2017,112:192-199.
[12]任露泉.试验优化设计与分析[M].长春:吉林科学技术出版社,2001.
[13]SHAO Q,XU T,YOSHINO T,et al.Optimization of the welding sequence and direction for the side beam of a bogie frame based on the discrete particle swarm algorithm[J].Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers,Part B:Journal of Engineering Manufacture,2018,232(8):1423-1435.
[14]YANG G,XU T,LI X,et al.An efficient hybrid algorithm for multiobjective optimization problems with upper and lower bounds in engineering[J].Mathematical Problems in Engineering,2015,10:1-13.
[15]KIM H S,WIERZBICKI T.Closed-form solution for crushing response of three-dimensional thin-walled“S”frames with rectangular cross-sections[J].International Journal of Impact Engineering,2004,30(1):87-112.