中国省域FDI对环境污染的影响研究
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摘要
首先采用熵权法对我国大陆31个省市2001—2016年的环境污染数据进行处理,得到其环境污染综合指数,在此基础上使用Moran指数和地理集中度指数分析FDI和环境污染的空间分布和地理分布,结果表明:FDI、环境污染在空间分布上均具有空间自相关性;并且FDI与环境污染有强正相关关系,FDI集聚度高的地区,污染集聚也高。使用空间计量模型(SEM,SLM)进一步分析FDI对环境污染的影响,结果发现:FDI集聚与污染集聚均具有空间溢出效应,FDI在地理上的集聚对当地或邻近省域环境污染具有负效应,此外,经济增长对环境污染具有负效应,提升就业者平均教育年限、完善地区基础设施、加强经济对外开放在一定程度上有助于改善环境质量。
Firstly, this article analyzes environmental pollution data of 31 provinces from 2001 to 2016 in Mainland of China based on the entropy weight method and gets its comprehensive pollution index. On the basis, using Moran's index and geographic concentration index, it explores the spatial and geographical distribution of FDI and the environmental pollution. The result shows that FDI and environment pollution both have spatial autocorrelation; In addition, there is a strong positive correlation between FDI and environmental pollution, and the high concentration area of FDI is also a high concentration area of environmental pollution. Using spatial econometric model(SEM, SLM) to further analyze the influence of FDI on environmental pollution, the study shows that: FDI agglomeration and pollution agglomeration have spatial spillover effects, and the geographical agglomeration of FDI has negative effects on local or adjacent provincial environmental pollution. In addition, economic growth has a negative effect on environmental pollution. Increasing the average years of education for employees, improving regional infrastructure and strengthening economic opening to the outside world contribute to improving environmental quality to a certain extent.
Firstly, this article analyzes environmental pollution data of 31 provinces from 2001 to 2016 in Mainland of China based on the entropy weight method and gets its comprehensive pollution index. On the basis, using Moran's index and geographic concentration index, it explores the spatial and geographical distribution of FDI and the environmental pollution. The result shows that FDI and environment pollution both have spatial autocorrelation; In addition, there is a strong positive correlation between FDI and environmental pollution, and the high concentration area of FDI is also a high concentration area of environmental pollution. Using spatial econometric model(SEM, SLM) to further analyze the influence of FDI on environmental pollution, the study shows that: FDI agglomeration and pollution agglomeration have spatial spillover effects, and the geographical agglomeration of FDI has negative effects on local or adjacent provincial environmental pollution. In addition, economic growth has a negative effect on environmental pollution. Increasing the average years of education for employees, improving regional infrastructure and strengthening economic opening to the outside world contribute to improving environmental quality to a certain extent.
引文
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[21]黄磊,吴传清.长江经济带生态环境绩效评估及其提升方略[J].改革,2018(7):116-126.
[22] Moore D A,Carpenter T E. Spatial analytical methods and geographic information systems:use in health research and epide‐miology[J]. Epidemiologic Reviews,1999,21(2):143.
[23]刘春霞.产业地理集中度测度方法研究[J].经济地理,2006,26(5):742-747.
[24]刘华军,杜广杰.中国城市大气污染的空间格局与分布动态演进——基于161个城市AQI及6种分项污染物的实证[J].经济地理,2016,36(10):33-38.
[25]刘渝琳,郑效晨,王鹏. FDI与工业污染排放物的空间面板模型分析[J].管理工程学报,2015,29(2):142-148.
[26]胡安俊,孙久文.空间计量——模型、方法与趋势[J].世界经济文汇,2014(6):111-120.
[27]宋马林,王舒鸿.环境规制、技术进步与经济增长[J].经济研究,2013(3):122-134.
[28]米红,陈志坚. 21世纪初期(2001—2020)我国人口产业结构与环境污染、经济发展的关联模式仿真[J].系统工程理论与实践,2004,24(4):23-33.
[29]郜彗,金家胜,李锋,等.农村生态卫生基础设施集成系统效益分析[J].环境科学与技术,2016,39(4):182-189.
[2] Hoffmann R,Lee C G,Ramasamy B,et al. FDI and pollution:a granger causality test using panel data[J]. Journal of Interna‐tional Development,2005,17(3):311-317.
[3] K Bakhsh,S Rose,MF Ali,et al. Economic growth,CO2emissions,renewable waste and FDI relation in Pakistan:New evi‐dences from 3 SLS[J]. Journal of Environmental Management,2017,196:627-632.
[4] Jungho Baek. A new look at the FDI-income-energy-environment nexus:Dynamic panel data analysis of ASEAN[J]. Ener‐gy Policy,2016,91:22-27.
[5]周杰琦,汪同三.外资特征、环境规制与环境效率——理论与中国经验[J].当代财经,2017(8):89-100.
[6]姜磊,周海峰,柏玲.外商直接投资对空气污染影响的空间异质性分析——以中国150个城市空气质量指数(AQI)为例[J].地理科学,2018,38(3):351-360.
[7]阚大学. FDI对中国环境污染影响的实证研究[J].环境科学研究,2014,27(1):106-112.
[8]邓柏盛,宋德勇.我国对外贸易、FDI与环境污染之间关系的研究:1995—2005[J].国际贸易问题,2008(4):101-108.
[9]秦晓丽,于文超.外商直接投资、经济增长与环境污染——基于中国259个地级市的空间面板数据的实证研究[J].宏观经济研究,2016(6):127-134,151.
[10]李金凯,程立燕,张同斌.外商直接投资是否具有“污染光环”效应?[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2017,27(10):74-83.
[11]金春雨,吴安兵.工业经济结构、经济增长对环境污染的非线性影响[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2017,27(10):64-73.
[12] Prechel H,Touche G. The Effects of Organizational Characteristics and State Environmental Policies on Sulfur-Dioxide Pol‐lution in U. S. Electrical Energy Corporations[J]. Social Sci‐ence Quarterly,2014,95(1):76-96.
[13]王远,王春春,赵静.江苏省SO2排放环境库茨涅茨关系研究——基于半参数面板数据模型分析[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(10):3 143-3 149.
[14] Rubin E S,Rao AB. A Technical,Economic,and Environmental Assessment of Amine-Based CO2Capture Technology for Power Plant Greenhouse Gas Control[J]. Environmental Sci‐ence&Technology,2002,36(20):4 467-4 475.
[15]何建武,李善同.二氧化碳减排与区域经济发展[J].管理评论,2010,22(6):9-16.
[16]杨骞,刘华军.中国二氧化碳排放的区域差异分解及影响因素——基于1995—2009年省际面板数据的研究[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2012(5):36-49.
[17]王谦,王迎春,徐靓依.贸易对我国不同地区环境污染效应的量化分析[J].科研管理,2012,33(12):59-67.
[18]阳立高,李婷,杨华峰,等. FDI对我国制造业升级的影响研究——基于省级面板数据的实证[J].科学决策,2017(7):51-67.
[19]曾冰,郑建锋,邱志萍.环境政策工具对改善环境质量的作用研究——基于2001—2012年中国省际面板数据的分析[J].上海经济研究,2016(5):39-46.
[20]许和连,邓玉萍.外商直接投资导致了中国的环境污染吗?——基于中国省际面板数据的空间计量研究[J].管理世界,2012(2):30-43.
[21]黄磊,吴传清.长江经济带生态环境绩效评估及其提升方略[J].改革,2018(7):116-126.
[22] Moore D A,Carpenter T E. Spatial analytical methods and geographic information systems:use in health research and epide‐miology[J]. Epidemiologic Reviews,1999,21(2):143.
[23]刘春霞.产业地理集中度测度方法研究[J].经济地理,2006,26(5):742-747.
[24]刘华军,杜广杰.中国城市大气污染的空间格局与分布动态演进——基于161个城市AQI及6种分项污染物的实证[J].经济地理,2016,36(10):33-38.
[25]刘渝琳,郑效晨,王鹏. FDI与工业污染排放物的空间面板模型分析[J].管理工程学报,2015,29(2):142-148.
[26]胡安俊,孙久文.空间计量——模型、方法与趋势[J].世界经济文汇,2014(6):111-120.
[27]宋马林,王舒鸿.环境规制、技术进步与经济增长[J].经济研究,2013(3):122-134.
[28]米红,陈志坚. 21世纪初期(2001—2020)我国人口产业结构与环境污染、经济发展的关联模式仿真[J].系统工程理论与实践,2004,24(4):23-33.
[29]郜彗,金家胜,李锋,等.农村生态卫生基础设施集成系统效益分析[J].环境科学与技术,2016,39(4):182-189.