深水浊积砂岩油田含水上升机理及优化注水技术——以西非尼日尔三角洲盆地AKPO油田为例
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摘要
通过对AKPO高挥发性油田储集层连通关系与油井见水后含水上升规律的分析,建立新型含水上升模型,确定优化注水时机和策略。可将含水上升形态划分为3种类型,其油井含水上升机理主要受储集层连通关系控制,单期水道或朵叶体内单期砂体直接连通,储集层发育及层内连通性好,直接注采受效,含水上升曲线呈"亚凸型";多期砂体搭接连通,层内连通性好,但搭接部位储集层物性、连通性较差,注水受效较慢,含水上升曲线呈"亚凹形";多期砂体复合连通,具有直接连通与搭接连通两种类型的特点,储集层物性与连通性介于两者之间,注水受效稍慢,含水上升曲线呈"亚S型"。以油水相对渗透率比值关系式为基础,建立了新型含水上升规律模型;通过对实际油井生产数据的拟合分析,提出了油井见水后实施优化注水的最佳时机与相应技术,水道储集层可采用"提高纵向波及"为核心、朵叶体储集层可采用"改善平面波及"为核心的优化注水技术;经AKPO油田实际应用,效果显著,可以指导同类油田的开发。图19表3参23
Through the analysis of the reservoir connection relationship and the water-cut rising rules after water breakthrough in the highly volatile oil AKPO oilfield, a new model of water-cut rising was established, and the timing and strategy of water injection were put forward. The water-cut rising shapes of producers after water breakthrough can be divided into three types, and their water-cut rising mechanism is mainly controlled by reservoir connectivity. For the producers which directly connect with injectors in the single-phase sand body of the single-phase channel or lobe with good reservoir connectivity, the water-cut rising curve is "sub-convex". For the producers which connect with injectors through sand bodies developed in multi-phases with good inner sand connectivity but poorer physical property and connectivity at the overlapping parts of sands, the response to water injection is slow and the water-cut rising curve is "sub-concave". For the producers which connect with injectors through multi-phase sand bodies with reservoir physical properties, connectivity in between the former two and characteristics of both direct connection and overlapping connection, the response to water injection is slightly slower and the water-cut rising curve is "sub-S". Based on ratio relationship of oil and water relative permeability, a new model of water cut rising was established. Through the fitting analysis of actual production data, the optimal timing and corresponding technology for water injection after water breakthrough were put forward. Composite channel and lobe reservoirs can adopt water injection strategies concentrating on improving the vertical sweep efficiency and areal sweep efficiency respectively. This technology has worked well in the AKPO oilfield and can guide the development of similar oilfields.
Through the analysis of the reservoir connection relationship and the water-cut rising rules after water breakthrough in the highly volatile oil AKPO oilfield, a new model of water-cut rising was established, and the timing and strategy of water injection were put forward. The water-cut rising shapes of producers after water breakthrough can be divided into three types, and their water-cut rising mechanism is mainly controlled by reservoir connectivity. For the producers which directly connect with injectors in the single-phase sand body of the single-phase channel or lobe with good reservoir connectivity, the water-cut rising curve is "sub-convex". For the producers which connect with injectors through sand bodies developed in multi-phases with good inner sand connectivity but poorer physical property and connectivity at the overlapping parts of sands, the response to water injection is slow and the water-cut rising curve is "sub-concave". For the producers which connect with injectors through multi-phase sand bodies with reservoir physical properties, connectivity in between the former two and characteristics of both direct connection and overlapping connection, the response to water injection is slightly slower and the water-cut rising curve is "sub-S". Based on ratio relationship of oil and water relative permeability, a new model of water cut rising was established. Through the fitting analysis of actual production data, the optimal timing and corresponding technology for water injection after water breakthrough were put forward. Composite channel and lobe reservoirs can adopt water injection strategies concentrating on improving the vertical sweep efficiency and areal sweep efficiency respectively. This technology has worked well in the AKPO oilfield and can guide the development of similar oilfields.
引文
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[7]张文彪,段太忠,刘志强,等.深水浊积水道多点地质统计模拟:以安哥拉Plutonio油田为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2016,43(3):403-410.ZHANG Wenbiao,DUAN Taizhong,LIU Zhiqiang,et al.Application of multi-point geostatistics in deep-water turbidity channel simulation:A case study of Plutonio oilfield in Angola[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2016,43(3):403-410.
[8]卜范青,张宇焜,杨宝泉,等.深水复合浊积水道砂体连通性精细表征技术及应用[J].断块油气田,2015,22(3):309-313,337.BU Fanqing,ZHANG Yukun,YANG Baoquan,et al.Technique and application of fine connectivity characterization of composite deep water turbidite channels[J].Fault-Block Oil&Gas Field,2015,22(3):309-313,337.
[9]宋立志.文昌13-1油田含水上升机理研究及挖潜措施[J].石油钻采工艺,2007,29(6):70-72.SONG Lizhi.Study on water rising mechanism and capacity enhancement in Wenchang13-1 oilfield[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2007,29(6):70-72.
[10]李隆新,吴锋,张烈辉,等.缝洞型底水油藏油井见水及含水规律实验研究[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2013,35(2):127-134.LI Longxin,WU Feng,ZHANG Liehui,et al.Physical simulation research of water breakthrough and well water cut performance in fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science&Technology Edition),2013,35(2):127-134.
[11]潘有军,徐赢,吴美娥,等.牛圈湖区块西山窑组油藏含水上升规律及控水对策研究[J].岩性油气藏,2014,26(5):113-118.PAN Youjun,XU Ying,WU Mei’e,et al.Water cut rising rules and water control countermeasures of reservoir of Xishanyao Formation in Niuquanhu block[J].Lithologic Reservoirs,2014,26(5):113-118.
[12]闵华军,陈利新,王连山,等.哈拉哈塘缝洞型油藏油井产水特征及机理分析[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2017,39(1):114-123.MIN Huajun,CHEN Lixin,WANG Lianshan,et al.Characteristics and mechanism of water production for fractured vuggy carbonate reservoirs,Halahatang Oilfield[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science&Technology Edition),2017,39(1):114-123.
[13]宋兆杰,李治平,赖枫鹏,等.高含水期油田水驱特征曲线关系式的理论推导[J].石油勘探与开发,2013,40(2):201-208.SONG Zhaojie,LI Zhiping,LAI Fengpeng,et al.Derivation of water flooding characteristic curve for high water-cut oilfields[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2013,40(2):201-208.
[14]DAMUTH J E.Neogene gravity tectonics and depositional processes on the deep Niger Delta continental margin[J].Marine&Petroleum Geology,1994,11(3):320-346.
[15]COHEN H A,MCCLAY K.Sedimentation and shale tectonics of the northwestern Niger Delta front[J].Marine&Petroleum Geology,1996,13(3):313-328.
[16]CORREDOR F,SHAW J H,BILOTTI F.Structural styles in the deepwater fold and thrust belts of the Niger Delta[J].AAPG Bulletin,2005,89(6):753-780.
[17]ADEOGBA A A,MCHARGUE T R,GRAHAM S A.Transient fan architecture and depositional controls from near-surface 3-D seismic data,Niger delta continental slope[J].AAPG Bulletin,2005,89(5):627-643.
[18]蔡露露,王雅宁,王颖,等.西非深水沉积类型特征及油气勘探意义[J].石油学报,2016,37(增刊1):131-142.CAI Lulu,WANG Yaning,WANG Ying,et al.Type features and hydrocarbon exploration significance of deepwater sedimentary in West Africa[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2016,37(Supp.1):131-142.
[19]李传亮.油藏工程原理[M].2版.北京:石油工业出版社,2011.LI Chuanliang.Fundamentals of reservoir engineering[M].2nd ed.Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2011.
[20]王继强,石成方,纪淑红,等.特高含水期新型水驱特征曲线[J].石油勘探与开发,2017,44(6):955-960.WANG Jiqiang,SHI Chengfang,JI Shuhong,et al.New water drive characteristic curves at ultra-high water cut stage[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2017,44(6):955-960.
[21]金蓉蓉.新型含水率与采出程度关系理论曲线的推导[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2015,34(3):72-75.JIN Rongrong.Derivation of the new theoretical relationship curve between water cut and recovery factor[J].Petroleum Geology&Oilfield Development in Daqing,2015,34(3):72-75.
[22]李传亮,李冬梅.渗吸的动力不是毛管压力[J].岩性油气藏,2011,23(2):114-117.LI Chuanliang,LI Dongmei.Imbibition is not caused by capillary pressure[J].Lithologic Reservoirs,2011,23(2):114-117.
[23]李传亮,朱苏阳.水驱油效率可达到100%[J].岩性油气藏,2016,28(1):1-5.LI Chuanliang,ZHU Suyang.The efficiency of water flooding can reach 100%[J].Lithologic Reservoirs,2016,28(1):1-5.
[2]李磊,王英民,黄志超,等.尼日尔三角洲深水区层序地层及地震相研究[J].沉积学报,2008,26(3):407-416.LI Lei,WANG Yingmin,HUANG Zhichao,et al.Study on sequence stratigraphy and seismic facies in deep-water Niger Delta[J].Acta Sedimentological Sinica,2008,26(3):407-416.
[3]吕明,王颖,陈莹.尼日利亚深水区海底扇沉积模式成因探讨及勘探意义[J].中国海上油气,2008,20(4):275-282.LYU Ming,WANG Ying,CHEN Ying.A discussion on origins of submarine fan deposition model and its exploration significance in Nigeria deep-water area[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2008,20(4):275-282.
[4]卜范青,张旭,陈国宁.尼日尔三角洲盆地重力流沉积模式及储层特征:以AKPO油田为例[J].西安石油大学学报(自然科学版),2017,32(1):64-70.BU Fanqing,ZHANG Xu,CHEN Guoning.Gravity flow depositional mode and reservoir characteristics of Niger Delta Basin:Taking AKPO Oilfield as an example[J].Journal of Xi’an Shiyou University(Natural Science Edition),2017,32(1):64-70.
[5]赵晓明,吴胜和,刘丽.西非陆坡区深水复合水道沉积构型模式[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2012,36(6):1-5.ZHAO Xiaoming,WU Shenghe,LIU Li.Sedimentary architecture model of deep-water channel complexes in slope area of West Africa[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2012,36(6):1-5.
[6]赵晓明,吴胜和,刘丽.尼日尔三角洲盆地AKPO油田新近系深水浊积水道储层构型表征[J].石油学报,2012,33(6):1049-1058.ZHAO Xiaoming,WU Shenghe,LIU Li.Characterization of reservoir architectures for Neogene deepwater turbidity channels of AKPO oilfield in Niger Delta Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2012,33(6):1049-1058.
[7]张文彪,段太忠,刘志强,等.深水浊积水道多点地质统计模拟:以安哥拉Plutonio油田为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2016,43(3):403-410.ZHANG Wenbiao,DUAN Taizhong,LIU Zhiqiang,et al.Application of multi-point geostatistics in deep-water turbidity channel simulation:A case study of Plutonio oilfield in Angola[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2016,43(3):403-410.
[8]卜范青,张宇焜,杨宝泉,等.深水复合浊积水道砂体连通性精细表征技术及应用[J].断块油气田,2015,22(3):309-313,337.BU Fanqing,ZHANG Yukun,YANG Baoquan,et al.Technique and application of fine connectivity characterization of composite deep water turbidite channels[J].Fault-Block Oil&Gas Field,2015,22(3):309-313,337.
[9]宋立志.文昌13-1油田含水上升机理研究及挖潜措施[J].石油钻采工艺,2007,29(6):70-72.SONG Lizhi.Study on water rising mechanism and capacity enhancement in Wenchang13-1 oilfield[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2007,29(6):70-72.
[10]李隆新,吴锋,张烈辉,等.缝洞型底水油藏油井见水及含水规律实验研究[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2013,35(2):127-134.LI Longxin,WU Feng,ZHANG Liehui,et al.Physical simulation research of water breakthrough and well water cut performance in fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science&Technology Edition),2013,35(2):127-134.
[11]潘有军,徐赢,吴美娥,等.牛圈湖区块西山窑组油藏含水上升规律及控水对策研究[J].岩性油气藏,2014,26(5):113-118.PAN Youjun,XU Ying,WU Mei’e,et al.Water cut rising rules and water control countermeasures of reservoir of Xishanyao Formation in Niuquanhu block[J].Lithologic Reservoirs,2014,26(5):113-118.
[12]闵华军,陈利新,王连山,等.哈拉哈塘缝洞型油藏油井产水特征及机理分析[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2017,39(1):114-123.MIN Huajun,CHEN Lixin,WANG Lianshan,et al.Characteristics and mechanism of water production for fractured vuggy carbonate reservoirs,Halahatang Oilfield[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science&Technology Edition),2017,39(1):114-123.
[13]宋兆杰,李治平,赖枫鹏,等.高含水期油田水驱特征曲线关系式的理论推导[J].石油勘探与开发,2013,40(2):201-208.SONG Zhaojie,LI Zhiping,LAI Fengpeng,et al.Derivation of water flooding characteristic curve for high water-cut oilfields[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2013,40(2):201-208.
[14]DAMUTH J E.Neogene gravity tectonics and depositional processes on the deep Niger Delta continental margin[J].Marine&Petroleum Geology,1994,11(3):320-346.
[15]COHEN H A,MCCLAY K.Sedimentation and shale tectonics of the northwestern Niger Delta front[J].Marine&Petroleum Geology,1996,13(3):313-328.
[16]CORREDOR F,SHAW J H,BILOTTI F.Structural styles in the deepwater fold and thrust belts of the Niger Delta[J].AAPG Bulletin,2005,89(6):753-780.
[17]ADEOGBA A A,MCHARGUE T R,GRAHAM S A.Transient fan architecture and depositional controls from near-surface 3-D seismic data,Niger delta continental slope[J].AAPG Bulletin,2005,89(5):627-643.
[18]蔡露露,王雅宁,王颖,等.西非深水沉积类型特征及油气勘探意义[J].石油学报,2016,37(增刊1):131-142.CAI Lulu,WANG Yaning,WANG Ying,et al.Type features and hydrocarbon exploration significance of deepwater sedimentary in West Africa[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2016,37(Supp.1):131-142.
[19]李传亮.油藏工程原理[M].2版.北京:石油工业出版社,2011.LI Chuanliang.Fundamentals of reservoir engineering[M].2nd ed.Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2011.
[20]王继强,石成方,纪淑红,等.特高含水期新型水驱特征曲线[J].石油勘探与开发,2017,44(6):955-960.WANG Jiqiang,SHI Chengfang,JI Shuhong,et al.New water drive characteristic curves at ultra-high water cut stage[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2017,44(6):955-960.
[21]金蓉蓉.新型含水率与采出程度关系理论曲线的推导[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2015,34(3):72-75.JIN Rongrong.Derivation of the new theoretical relationship curve between water cut and recovery factor[J].Petroleum Geology&Oilfield Development in Daqing,2015,34(3):72-75.
[22]李传亮,李冬梅.渗吸的动力不是毛管压力[J].岩性油气藏,2011,23(2):114-117.LI Chuanliang,LI Dongmei.Imbibition is not caused by capillary pressure[J].Lithologic Reservoirs,2011,23(2):114-117.
[23]李传亮,朱苏阳.水驱油效率可达到100%[J].岩性油气藏,2016,28(1):1-5.LI Chuanliang,ZHU Suyang.The efficiency of water flooding can reach 100%[J].Lithologic Reservoirs,2016,28(1):1-5.