河北涞源祁家峪剖面寒武系层序地层划分
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摘要
河北涞源祁家峪剖面寒武系出露连续,层序界面清楚且沉积现象丰富,是进行华北地台寒武系层序划分的较为典型的剖面之一。在新的寒武系年代地层框架下,依据地层的叠置形式、纵向上的沉积相变化及其内部的旋回特征,将该剖面寒武系划分为8个三级层序。结果表明:研究区域从馒头组、毛庄组的"TST+HST"沉积序列转变为"CS+HST"的淹没不整合型层序序列,反映出从混积潮坪沉积序列向缓坡型碳酸盐台地的演化过程,也意味着华北地台寒武系碳酸盐台地从发展阶段向成熟阶段的重大转变;该剖面芙蓉统内部的竹叶状灰岩与长山组顶部、凤山组第1个三级层序顶部发育的均一石生物丘代表了华北地台寒武系末期"贫乏骨骼的风暴海"以及"随着后生动物辐射,微生物碳酸盐岩也在增加"两大特殊沉积现象较为典型的沉积样式。基于层序地层框架内的沉积相叠加方式和地层记录中旋回特征的描述,对河北涞源祁家峪剖面进行层序地层划分,将为探索华北地台在太行山北缘广泛分布的寒武系提供参考实例,也为今后更大区域范围的对比研究提供线索。
Qijiayu section in Hebei Laiyuan,characterized by continuous Cambrian stratigraphic succession,distinct sequence interfaces and rich depositional occurrences,is one of the typical profiles for Cambrian sequence stratigraphic division in North China Platform. Within the framework of new Cambrian strata,according to the stacked patterns of the formation,the changes of the sedimentary facies and characteristics of the inner cycle,8 third-order sequences were subdivided for the Cambrian section. The achievements show that "TST + HST"sedimentary sequences in Mantou and Maozhuang Formations in the study area change into "CS + HST"drowned un-conformity ones,this phenomena indicate that the evolutionary process from the mixed tidal flat sedimentary sequence to the ramp carbonate platform i. e. the pretty big transformation from the developing stage to the mature one for Cambrian carbonate system of North China Platform; the well-developed uniform stony bioherms on the tops of the edgewise conglomerate in Furong series,Changshan Formation and the first third-order sequence of Fengshan Formation represent the more typical depositional patterns of the two special sedimentary phenomena during Late Cambrian in North China Platform i. e. "the deposition inside the skeletal-deficient stormy sea"and"the increase in the microbial carbonate abundance with the radiation of the metazoan". Based on the facies superposed models and described cycle characteristics of the stratigraphic record,the sequence stratigraphic division was conducted for Qijiayu section in Hebei Laiyuan,that's to say to provide a reference example for the exploration of Cambrian strata widely distributed at the northern margin of Taihang Mountains in North China Platform,and furthermore also present the clues for the comparative studies and correlation on the larger regional scale.
Qijiayu section in Hebei Laiyuan,characterized by continuous Cambrian stratigraphic succession,distinct sequence interfaces and rich depositional occurrences,is one of the typical profiles for Cambrian sequence stratigraphic division in North China Platform. Within the framework of new Cambrian strata,according to the stacked patterns of the formation,the changes of the sedimentary facies and characteristics of the inner cycle,8 third-order sequences were subdivided for the Cambrian section. The achievements show that "TST + HST"sedimentary sequences in Mantou and Maozhuang Formations in the study area change into "CS + HST"drowned un-conformity ones,this phenomena indicate that the evolutionary process from the mixed tidal flat sedimentary sequence to the ramp carbonate platform i. e. the pretty big transformation from the developing stage to the mature one for Cambrian carbonate system of North China Platform; the well-developed uniform stony bioherms on the tops of the edgewise conglomerate in Furong series,Changshan Formation and the first third-order sequence of Fengshan Formation represent the more typical depositional patterns of the two special sedimentary phenomena during Late Cambrian in North China Platform i. e. "the deposition inside the skeletal-deficient stormy sea"and"the increase in the microbial carbonate abundance with the radiation of the metazoan". Based on the facies superposed models and described cycle characteristics of the stratigraphic record,the sequence stratigraphic division was conducted for Qijiayu section in Hebei Laiyuan,that's to say to provide a reference example for the exploration of Cambrian strata widely distributed at the northern margin of Taihang Mountains in North China Platform,and furthermore also present the clues for the comparative studies and correlation on the larger regional scale.
引文
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[14]梅冥相.从沉积层序到海平面变化层序:层序地层学一个重要的新进展[J].地层学杂志,2015,39(1):58-73.
[15]Catuneanu O,Abreu V,Bhattacharya J P,et al.Towards the standardization of sequence stratigraphy[J].Earth-Science Reviews,2009,94(1):95-97.
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[23]梅冥相.淹没不整合型碳酸盐三级旋回层序:兼论碳酸盐台地的“凝缩作用”[J].沉积与特提斯地质,1996,16(6):24-33.
[24]梅冥相,梅仕龙.华北中寒武世张夏组复合海平面变化旋回层序[J].沉积学报,1997,15(4):7-12.
[25]史晓颖,陈建强,梅仕龙.华北地台东部寒武系层序地层年代格架[J].地学前缘,1997,4(3-4):165-177.
[26]王立峰.太行山地区寒武系崮山组的穿时性及沉积层序特征[J].地质通报,1999,18(2):185-189.
[27]Meng Xianghua,Ge Ming,Tucker M E.Sequence stratigraphy,sea-level changes and depositional systems in the Cambro-Ordovician of the North China carbonate platform[J].Sedimentary Geology,1997,114(1-4):189-222.
[28]彭善池.全球寒武系四统划分框架正式确立[J].地层学杂志,2006,30(2):147-148.
[29]项礼文,朱兆玲.中国地层典:寒武系[M].北京:地质出版社,1999.
[30]卢衍豪,张文堂,朱兆玲,等.关于我国寒武系建阶的建议[J].地层学杂志,1994,18(4):318-328.
[31]卢衍豪,朱兆玲,钱义元,等.中国寒武纪地层对比表及说明书[M]//中国各纪地层对比表及说明书.北京:科学出版社,1982:28-54.
[32]梅冥相.华北寒武系二级海侵背景下的沉积趋势及层序地层序列:以北京西郊下苇甸剖面为例[J].中国地质,2011,38(2):317-337.
[33]赵新伟,曾伟.河北承德路通沟剖面寒武系层序地层划分[J].中国地质,2016,43(3):921-935.
[34]梅冥相,马永生,梅仕龙,等.华北寒武系层序地层格架及碳酸盐台地演化[J].现代地质,1997,11(3):16-23.
[35]梅冥相,马永生.从旋回层序的特征论地层记录的两种相变面及两种穿时性[J].地层学杂志,2001,25(2):150-153.
[36]Sattler U,Immenhauser A,Schlager W,et al.Drowning history of a Miocene carbonate platform(Zhujiang Formation,South China Sea)[J].Sedimentary Geology,2009,219(1-4):318-331.
[37]Schlager W.Type 3 Sequence Boundaries[J].SEPM(Society for Sedimentary Geology)Special Publications No.63,1999:35-45.
[38]Schlager W,Warrlich G.Record of sea-level fall in tropical carbonates[J].Basin Research,2009,21(2):209-224.
[39]梅冥相,郭荣涛,胡媛.北京西郊下苇甸剖面寒武系崮山组叠层石生物丘的沉积组构[J].岩石学报,2011,27(8):2473-2486.
[40]Braga J C,Martin J M,Riding R.Controls on microbial dome fabric development along a carbonate-siliciclastic shelf-basin transect,Miocene,SE Spain[J].Palaios,1995,10(4):347.
[41]Riding R.Microbialites,stromatolites,and thrombolites[M]//Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences.Berlin Heidelberg:Springher,2011.
[42]梅冥相.微生物碳酸盐岩分类体系的修订:对灰岩成因结构分类体系的补充[J].地学前缘,2007,14(5):224-236.
[43]梅冥相,刘丽,胡媛.北京西郊寒武系凤山组叠层石生物层[J].地质学报,2015,89(2):440-460.
[44]肖恩照,隋明园,Khalid L,等.微生物白云岩形成机制的研究进展与问题[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2017,36(2):1-7.
[2]Sloss L L,Krumbein W C,Dapples E C.Integrated facies analysis[J].Geological Society of America,Memoirs 39,1949.
[3]Vail P,Mitchum R,Iii S.Seismic stratigraphy and global changes of sea level:Part 3.Relative changes of sea level from coastal onlap:Section 2.Application of seismic reflection configuration to stratigraphic interpretation[R].Seismic Stratigraphy-Applications to Hydrocarbon Exploration,1977.
[4]Payton C E.Seismic stratigraphy-applications to hydrocarbon exploration[J].Memoir 26,American Association of Petroleum Geologists,1977.
[5]Wilgus C K,Hastings B S,Kendall C G.Sea level changes:an integrated approach[J].SEPM Special Publication 42,1988.
[6]梅冥相.层序地层学发展历程中的三个误判[J].地学前缘,2014,21(2):67-80.
[7]梅冥相.从正常海退与强迫型海退的辨别进行层序界面对比:层序地层学进展之一[J].古地理学报,2010,12(5):549-564.
[8]梅冥相.长周期层序形成机制的探索:层序地层学进展之二[J].古地理学报,2010,12(6):711-728.
[9]梅冥相.从旋回的有序叠加形式到层序的识别和划分:层序地层学进展之三[J].古地理学报,2011,13(1):37-54.
[10]Galloway W E.Genetic stratigraphic sequences in basin analysis,I.Architecture and genesis of flooding-surface bounded depositional units[J].AAPG Bulletin,1989,73(2):125-142.
[11]Galloway W E.Genetic stratigraphic sequences in basin analysis II:Application to Northwest Gulf of Mexico Cenozoic Basin[J].AAPG Bulletin.1989,73(2):143-154.
[12]Hunt D,Tucker M E.Stranded parasequences and the forced regressive wedge systems tract:deposition during baselevel'fall[J].Sedimentary Geology,1992,81(1-2):1-9.
[13]Helland-Hansen W,Gjelberg J G.Conceptual basis and variability in sequence stratigraphy:a different perspective[J].Sedimentary Geology,1994,92(92):31-52.
[14]梅冥相.从沉积层序到海平面变化层序:层序地层学一个重要的新进展[J].地层学杂志,2015,39(1):58-73.
[15]Catuneanu O,Abreu V,Bhattacharya J P,et al.Towards the standardization of sequence stratigraphy[J].Earth-Science Reviews,2009,94(1):95-97.
[16]Catuneanu O,Bhattacharya J P,Blum M D.Sequence stratigraphy:Common ground after three decades of development[J].2010,28:21-34.
[17]冯增昭,王英华,张吉森,等.华北地台早古生代岩相古地理[M].北京:地质出版社,1990.
[18]孟祥化,乔秀夫,葛铭.华北古浅海碳酸盐风暴沉积和丁家滩相序模式[J].沉积学报,1986,4(2):1-18.
[19]范开强,尹占国,王成述.北京西山下寒武统馒头组角砾岩成因[G]//中国地质科学院地质研究所文集,1990.
[20]王成述,范开强,尹占国.北京西山中寒武统张夏组鲕粒特征及其环境意义[G]//中国地质科学院地质研究所文集,1990.
[21]梅冥相.碳酸盐台地的地层层序格架及旋回地层级次[J].沉积与特提斯地质,1992,12(2):44-50.
[22]梅冥相.碳酸盐岩米级旋回层序的成因类型及形成机制[J].沉积与特提斯地质,1993,13(6):34-43.
[23]梅冥相.淹没不整合型碳酸盐三级旋回层序:兼论碳酸盐台地的“凝缩作用”[J].沉积与特提斯地质,1996,16(6):24-33.
[24]梅冥相,梅仕龙.华北中寒武世张夏组复合海平面变化旋回层序[J].沉积学报,1997,15(4):7-12.
[25]史晓颖,陈建强,梅仕龙.华北地台东部寒武系层序地层年代格架[J].地学前缘,1997,4(3-4):165-177.
[26]王立峰.太行山地区寒武系崮山组的穿时性及沉积层序特征[J].地质通报,1999,18(2):185-189.
[27]Meng Xianghua,Ge Ming,Tucker M E.Sequence stratigraphy,sea-level changes and depositional systems in the Cambro-Ordovician of the North China carbonate platform[J].Sedimentary Geology,1997,114(1-4):189-222.
[28]彭善池.全球寒武系四统划分框架正式确立[J].地层学杂志,2006,30(2):147-148.
[29]项礼文,朱兆玲.中国地层典:寒武系[M].北京:地质出版社,1999.
[30]卢衍豪,张文堂,朱兆玲,等.关于我国寒武系建阶的建议[J].地层学杂志,1994,18(4):318-328.
[31]卢衍豪,朱兆玲,钱义元,等.中国寒武纪地层对比表及说明书[M]//中国各纪地层对比表及说明书.北京:科学出版社,1982:28-54.
[32]梅冥相.华北寒武系二级海侵背景下的沉积趋势及层序地层序列:以北京西郊下苇甸剖面为例[J].中国地质,2011,38(2):317-337.
[33]赵新伟,曾伟.河北承德路通沟剖面寒武系层序地层划分[J].中国地质,2016,43(3):921-935.
[34]梅冥相,马永生,梅仕龙,等.华北寒武系层序地层格架及碳酸盐台地演化[J].现代地质,1997,11(3):16-23.
[35]梅冥相,马永生.从旋回层序的特征论地层记录的两种相变面及两种穿时性[J].地层学杂志,2001,25(2):150-153.
[36]Sattler U,Immenhauser A,Schlager W,et al.Drowning history of a Miocene carbonate platform(Zhujiang Formation,South China Sea)[J].Sedimentary Geology,2009,219(1-4):318-331.
[37]Schlager W.Type 3 Sequence Boundaries[J].SEPM(Society for Sedimentary Geology)Special Publications No.63,1999:35-45.
[38]Schlager W,Warrlich G.Record of sea-level fall in tropical carbonates[J].Basin Research,2009,21(2):209-224.
[39]梅冥相,郭荣涛,胡媛.北京西郊下苇甸剖面寒武系崮山组叠层石生物丘的沉积组构[J].岩石学报,2011,27(8):2473-2486.
[40]Braga J C,Martin J M,Riding R.Controls on microbial dome fabric development along a carbonate-siliciclastic shelf-basin transect,Miocene,SE Spain[J].Palaios,1995,10(4):347.
[41]Riding R.Microbialites,stromatolites,and thrombolites[M]//Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences.Berlin Heidelberg:Springher,2011.
[42]梅冥相.微生物碳酸盐岩分类体系的修订:对灰岩成因结构分类体系的补充[J].地学前缘,2007,14(5):224-236.
[43]梅冥相,刘丽,胡媛.北京西郊寒武系凤山组叠层石生物层[J].地质学报,2015,89(2):440-460.
[44]肖恩照,隋明园,Khalid L,等.微生物白云岩形成机制的研究进展与问题[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2017,36(2):1-7.