吕梁山东北缘寒武系层序地层划分——以文水苍尔会剖面为例
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摘要
为研究山西吕梁山地区寒武纪地层的地层学与沉积学问题,根据山西文水苍尔会剖面寒武系地层叠置关系,将该剖面寒武系地层划分为8个三级层序。基于沉积相的变化规律和地层叠置关系的旋回性研究结果,苍尔会剖面存在两个特殊的地层学与沉积学现象:下部为霍山组砂岩直接覆盖在太古宙变质岩系上,其较为良好的出露与明显的地层接触关系,为探讨山西中部霍山组砂岩的地层归属问题提供依据;在该剖面崮山组、长山组、凤山组中分别发育不同的均一石生物丘,代表华北地台寒武纪晚期—奥陶纪中期"随着后生动物辐射,微生物碳酸盐也在增加"微生物碳酸盐复苏期的基本沉积样式。在新的寒武纪年代地层框架下,对山西文水苍尔会剖面进行层序地层划分,不但为研究华北寒武系生物丘沉积组构多样性提供参考实例,同时也为探讨山西中部地区前寒武—寒武巨大的古地理变迁提供实例。
The Cambrian strata in Cangerhui section can be subdivided into 8 third-order sequences according to the characteristics of sedimentary facies stacking patterns,in order to study the stratigraphy and sedimentology of Cambrian strata widely exposed beside the Luliang mountain in Shanxi province,middle part of North China platform.There are two special sedimentary and stratigraphy phenomena in this section:The red and yellow bedded of Huoshan formation is angle unconformity with Archean metamorphic rocks,the clear outcrop and directly feature on the stratigraphy provide reliable basis in doing the research towards the stratigraphic attribution of Huoshan formation;beyond that,various kinds ofbioherms widely developed in the upper part of Gushan formation,Changshan formation and Fengshan formation which represent the increasing of microbial carbonate abundance with the radiation of metazoan and the basic sedimentary pattern of microbial carbonate recovery period.Based on facies superposition model and stratigraphic record cycle and new chronostratigraphic framework of Cambrian,the current sequence stratigraphic framework of the Cambrian strata in Cangerhui section will provide a reference example for the exploration of the sedimentary fabrics diversity of Cambrian bioherm in North China platform and also clues for the comparative studies and correlation on regional scale about the strata widely distributed in the middle area of Shanxi province.
The Cambrian strata in Cangerhui section can be subdivided into 8 third-order sequences according to the characteristics of sedimentary facies stacking patterns,in order to study the stratigraphy and sedimentology of Cambrian strata widely exposed beside the Luliang mountain in Shanxi province,middle part of North China platform.There are two special sedimentary and stratigraphy phenomena in this section:The red and yellow bedded of Huoshan formation is angle unconformity with Archean metamorphic rocks,the clear outcrop and directly feature on the stratigraphy provide reliable basis in doing the research towards the stratigraphic attribution of Huoshan formation;beyond that,various kinds ofbioherms widely developed in the upper part of Gushan formation,Changshan formation and Fengshan formation which represent the increasing of microbial carbonate abundance with the radiation of metazoan and the basic sedimentary pattern of microbial carbonate recovery period.Based on facies superposition model and stratigraphic record cycle and new chronostratigraphic framework of Cambrian,the current sequence stratigraphic framework of the Cambrian strata in Cangerhui section will provide a reference example for the exploration of the sedimentary fabrics diversity of Cambrian bioherm in North China platform and also clues for the comparative studies and correlation on regional scale about the strata widely distributed in the middle area of Shanxi province.
引文
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[18]张文华,苏景学,魏文懂.从桌子山剖面看华北地台西缘奥陶系[J].大庆石油学院学报,2001,25(3):28-31.Zhang Wenhua,Su Jingxue,Wei Wendong.Viewing the Ordovician system of western fringe of northern China platform from Zhuozi mountain[J].Journal of Daqing Petroleum Institute,2001,25(3):28-31.
[19]李彦芳,窦惠.八道江下寒武统沉积环境演化及白云岩成因机理探讨[J].大庆石油学院学报,1986,10(4):1-7.Li Yanfang,Dou Hui.Sedimentary environment evolution and discussion on genesis mechanism of dolomite towards the early Cambrian strata in Badaojiang section[J].Journal of Daqing Petroleum Institute,1986,10(4):1-7.
[20]梅冥相,马永生,梅仕龙,等.华北寒武系层序地层格架及碳酸盐台地演化[J].现代地质,1997,11(3):275-282.Mei Mingxiang,Ma Yongsheng,Mei Shilong,et al.Sequence stratigraphic framework and carbonate platform evolution for the Carmbrian of the north China platform[J].Geoscience,1997,11(3):275-282.
[21]Meng Xianghua,GeMing Tucker,Maurice E.Sequence stratigraphy,sea-level changes and depositional systems in the Cambri Ordovician of the north China carbonate platform[J].Sedimentary Geology,1997,114(1-4):189-222.
[22]彭善池.全球寒武系四统划分框架正式确立[J].地层学杂志,2006,30(2):147-148.Peng Shanchi.A new global framework with four series for Cambrian system[J].Journal of Stratigraphy,2006,30(2):147-148.
[23]卢衍豪,张文堂,朱兆玲,等.关于我国寒武系建阶的建议[J].地层学杂志,1994,18(4):318-328.Lu Yanhao,Zhang Wentang,Zhu Zhaoling,et al.Suggestions for the establishment of the Cambrian stages in China[J].Journal of Stratigraphy,1994,18(4):318-328.
[24]卢衍豪,朱兆玲,钱义元,等.中国寒武纪地层对比表及说明书[C]//中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所.中国各纪地层对比表及说明书.北京:科学出版社,1982:28-54.Lu Yanhao,Zhu Zhaoling,Qian Yiyuan,et al.Stratigraphical correlation tables and their directions for the Cambrian in China[C]//Institute of Palaeontology and Geology of China Academy of Science.Stratigraphical correlation tables and their directions for each periods.Beijing:Science Press,1982:28-54.
[25]马永生,梅冥相,周润轩,等.层序地层框架下的鲕粒滩形成样式:以北京西郊下苇甸剖面寒武系第三统为例[J].岩石学报,2017,33(4):1021-1036.Ma Yongsheng,Mei Mingxiang,Zhou Runxuan,et al.Forming patterns for the oolitic bank within the sequence stratigraphic framework:An example from the Cambrian series 3at the Xiaweidian section in the western suburb of Beijing[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2017,33(4):1021-1036.
[26]梅冥相.从岩石成因论华北地台“霍山砂岩”的时代归属[J].地层学杂志,1993,17(3):224-227.Mei Mingxiang.According to the genetic of Huoshan sandstone to discuss the age assignment[J].Journal of Stratigraphy,1993,17(3):224-227.
[27]Hunt D,Tucker M E.Stranded parasequences and the forced regressive wedge systems tract:Deposition during base-level fall[J].Sedimentary Geology,1992,81(1/2):1-9.
[28]Schlager W.Type 3sequence boundaries[J].SEPM(Society for Sedimentary Geology)Special Publications,1999,63:35-45.
[29]肖恩照,隋明园,Khalid L,等.微生物白云岩形成机制的研究进展与问题[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2017,36(2):26-32.Xiao Enzhao,Sui Mingyuan,Khalid L,et al.Study advances and existed problem for the forming mechanism of the microbial dolomite[J].Petroleum Geology&Oilfield Development in Daqing,2017,36(2):26-32.
[30]Braga J C,Martin J M,Riding R.Controls on microbial dome fabric development along a carbonate-siliciclastic shelf-basin transect,Miocene,SE Spain[J].Palaios,1995,10(4):347.
[2]Vail P,Mitchum R,Iii S.Seismic stratigraphy and global changes of sea level:Part 3.Relative changes of sea level from coastal onlap:Section 2.Application of seismic reflection configuration to stratigraphic interpretation[M].M 26:Seismic Stratigraphy-Applications to Hydrocarbon Exploration,1977:63-81.
[3]Payton C E.Seismic stratigraphy applications to hydrocarbon exploration[M].Memoir 26,American Association of Petroleum Geologists,1977.
[4]Wilgus C K,Hastings B S,Kendall C G.Sea Level Changes:An Integrated Approach[M].SEPM Special Publication 42,1988.
[5]梅冥相.层序地层学发展历程中的三个误判[J].地学前缘,2014,21(2):67-80.Mei Mingxiang.Three misreadings during the developing course of sequence stratigraphy[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2014,21(2):67-80.
[6]梅冥相,马永生.从旋回层序的特征论地层记录的两种相变面及两种穿时性[J].地层学杂志,2001,25(2):150-153.Mei Mingxiang,Ma Yongsheng.Discussion on two types of fascieschanging surfaces and their relative two types of diachronisms in stratigraphic records according to features of cyclic sequences[J].Journal of Stratigraphy,2001,25(2):150-153.
[7]Catuneanu O,Abreu V,Bhattacharya J P,et al.Towards the standardization of sequence stratigraphy[J].EarthScience Reviews,2009,94(1):95-97.
[8]Miall A D.Whither stratigraphy[J].Sedimentary Geology,1995,100(1-4):5-20.
[9]梅冥相.从沉积层序到海平面变化层序——层序地层学一个重要的新进展[J].地层学杂志,2015,39(1):58-73.Mei Mingxiang.Conceptual Change from Depositional Sequences to Eustatic to Sequence:An Important Development in Sequence Stratigraphy[J].Journal of Stratigraphy,2015,39(1):58-73.
[10]孟祥化,乔秀夫,葛铭.华北古浅海碳酸盐风暴沉积和丁家滩相序模式[J].沉积学报,1986,5(2):1-18.Meng Xianghua,Qiao Xiufu,Ge Ming.Storm deposits of the paleoepicontinental sea and the Dingjiatan model in the Cambrian of the north China platform[J].ActaSedimentologia Sinica,1986,5(2):1-18.
[11]冯增昭,王英华,张吉森,等.华北地台早古生代岩相古地理[M].北京:地质出版社,1990:3-49.Feng Zengzhao,Wang Yinghua,Zhang Jiseng,et al.Lithofacies palaeogeography of the early palaeozoic of north China platform[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1990:3-49.
[12]史晓颖,陈建强,梅仕龙.华北地台东部寒武系层序地层年代格架[J].地学前缘,1997,4(3/4):161-173.Shi Xiaoying,Chen Jianqiang,Mei Shilong.Sequencestratigraphic framework of the Cambrian in the eastern part of the north China platform[J].Earthscience Frontiers,1997,4(3/4):161-173.
[13]梅冥相,郭荣涛,胡媛.北京西郊下苇甸剖面寒武系崮山组叠层石生物丘的沉积组构[J].岩石学报,2011,27(8):2473-2486.Mei Mingxiang,Guo Rongtao,Hu Yuan.Sedimentary fabrics for the stromatolitic bioherm of the Cambrian Gushan formation at the Xiaweidian section in the western suburb of Beijing[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2011,27(8):2473-2486.
[14]王成述,范开强,尹占国.北京西山中寒武统张夏组鲕粒特征及其环境意义[J].中国地质科学院地质研究所所刊,1990,22:39-55.Wang Chengshu,Fan Kaiqiang,Yin Zhanguo.Features of ooids in the middle Cambrian Zhangxia formation in the Western Hills,Beijing,and their environmental significance[J].Bulletin of the Institute of Geology of Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,1990,22:39-55.
[15]Lee J H,Chen J T,Choh S J,et al.Furongian(late Cambrian)sponge-microbial maze-like reefs in the north Chinaplatform[J].Palaios,2014,29:27-37.
[16]张文浩,史晓颖,汤冬杰,等.华北地台西缘早—中寒武世过渡期核形石:微生物群落对浅海缺氧环境的响应[J].古地理学报,2014,16(3):305-318.Zhang Wenhao,Shi Xiaoying,Tang Dongjie,et al.Mass-occurrence of oncoids in the Early-Middle Cambrian transitionat western margin of north China Platform:A responseof microbial community to shallow marine anoxia[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2014,16(3):305-318.
[17]陈秉麟.开平盆地府君山组[J].大庆石油学院学报,1983,7(4):63-70.Cheng Binglin.Kaiping basin prefecture of Junshan[J].Journal of Daqing Petroleum Institute,1983,7(4):63-70.
[18]张文华,苏景学,魏文懂.从桌子山剖面看华北地台西缘奥陶系[J].大庆石油学院学报,2001,25(3):28-31.Zhang Wenhua,Su Jingxue,Wei Wendong.Viewing the Ordovician system of western fringe of northern China platform from Zhuozi mountain[J].Journal of Daqing Petroleum Institute,2001,25(3):28-31.
[19]李彦芳,窦惠.八道江下寒武统沉积环境演化及白云岩成因机理探讨[J].大庆石油学院学报,1986,10(4):1-7.Li Yanfang,Dou Hui.Sedimentary environment evolution and discussion on genesis mechanism of dolomite towards the early Cambrian strata in Badaojiang section[J].Journal of Daqing Petroleum Institute,1986,10(4):1-7.
[20]梅冥相,马永生,梅仕龙,等.华北寒武系层序地层格架及碳酸盐台地演化[J].现代地质,1997,11(3):275-282.Mei Mingxiang,Ma Yongsheng,Mei Shilong,et al.Sequence stratigraphic framework and carbonate platform evolution for the Carmbrian of the north China platform[J].Geoscience,1997,11(3):275-282.
[21]Meng Xianghua,GeMing Tucker,Maurice E.Sequence stratigraphy,sea-level changes and depositional systems in the Cambri Ordovician of the north China carbonate platform[J].Sedimentary Geology,1997,114(1-4):189-222.
[22]彭善池.全球寒武系四统划分框架正式确立[J].地层学杂志,2006,30(2):147-148.Peng Shanchi.A new global framework with four series for Cambrian system[J].Journal of Stratigraphy,2006,30(2):147-148.
[23]卢衍豪,张文堂,朱兆玲,等.关于我国寒武系建阶的建议[J].地层学杂志,1994,18(4):318-328.Lu Yanhao,Zhang Wentang,Zhu Zhaoling,et al.Suggestions for the establishment of the Cambrian stages in China[J].Journal of Stratigraphy,1994,18(4):318-328.
[24]卢衍豪,朱兆玲,钱义元,等.中国寒武纪地层对比表及说明书[C]//中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所.中国各纪地层对比表及说明书.北京:科学出版社,1982:28-54.Lu Yanhao,Zhu Zhaoling,Qian Yiyuan,et al.Stratigraphical correlation tables and their directions for the Cambrian in China[C]//Institute of Palaeontology and Geology of China Academy of Science.Stratigraphical correlation tables and their directions for each periods.Beijing:Science Press,1982:28-54.
[25]马永生,梅冥相,周润轩,等.层序地层框架下的鲕粒滩形成样式:以北京西郊下苇甸剖面寒武系第三统为例[J].岩石学报,2017,33(4):1021-1036.Ma Yongsheng,Mei Mingxiang,Zhou Runxuan,et al.Forming patterns for the oolitic bank within the sequence stratigraphic framework:An example from the Cambrian series 3at the Xiaweidian section in the western suburb of Beijing[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2017,33(4):1021-1036.
[26]梅冥相.从岩石成因论华北地台“霍山砂岩”的时代归属[J].地层学杂志,1993,17(3):224-227.Mei Mingxiang.According to the genetic of Huoshan sandstone to discuss the age assignment[J].Journal of Stratigraphy,1993,17(3):224-227.
[27]Hunt D,Tucker M E.Stranded parasequences and the forced regressive wedge systems tract:Deposition during base-level fall[J].Sedimentary Geology,1992,81(1/2):1-9.
[28]Schlager W.Type 3sequence boundaries[J].SEPM(Society for Sedimentary Geology)Special Publications,1999,63:35-45.
[29]肖恩照,隋明园,Khalid L,等.微生物白云岩形成机制的研究进展与问题[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2017,36(2):26-32.Xiao Enzhao,Sui Mingyuan,Khalid L,et al.Study advances and existed problem for the forming mechanism of the microbial dolomite[J].Petroleum Geology&Oilfield Development in Daqing,2017,36(2):26-32.
[30]Braga J C,Martin J M,Riding R.Controls on microbial dome fabric development along a carbonate-siliciclastic shelf-basin transect,Miocene,SE Spain[J].Palaios,1995,10(4):347.