山西灵丘刁泉剖面寒武系第三统张夏组核形石
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摘要
为研究华北地台寒武系广泛出现的碳酸盐岩核形石沉积学特征,选取山西灵丘刁泉剖面寒武系张夏组顶部颗粒滩相鲕粒灰岩中发育丰富的细粒核形石,进行碳酸盐岩微相分析。宏观上,根据岩性变化反映的沉积相叠加样式,将张夏组划分为3个Ⅳ级层序,核形石集中产出于第三个Ⅳ级层序顶部颗粒滩相鲕粒灰岩;微观上,根据核形石核心与纹层的组分、形态及结构特征,将张夏组核形石划分为5个类型:复合核形石、同心圈层核形石、偏心核形石、泥晶核形石及薄层核形石;超微观上,双矿物结构核形石的方解石圈层与暗色泥晶圈层的元素组成相同,但矿物结构不同,且在双矿物结构圈层之间发现细胞外聚合物(EPS)的残留物。结果表明,张夏组核形石,特别是亮暗交互纹层及暗色泥晶组构,是由以葛万菌为主的蓝细菌为主导的生物膜或微生物席钙化作用形成的;复合核形石表现出的、对颗粒的粘结与捕获作用,以及偏心核形石部分圈层因生长优势而出现的增生现象代表钙化生物膜的沉积记录。
In order to study the sedimentary characteristics of oncolite carbonate which widely occurred in Cambrian at the north China platform,fine-grained oncolites from grain-bank faices oolitic limestoneat the top of Zhangxia formation in Cambrian at Diaoquan section in Lingqiu of Shanxi are selected for microfacies analysis.Macroscopically,according to the sedimentary facies superposition pattern reflected by the lithological changes,Zhangxia formation is subdivided into 3 Ⅳ subsequences,and oncolites are concentrated on the top of grain-bank facies oolitic limestone from the third Ⅳ subsequences.Microscopically,according to the composition,morphology and structural characteristics of nuclei and cortex,oncolites from Zhangxia formation can be divided into 5 types:composite oncolites,concentric cortex oncolites,eccentric oncolites,micrite oncolites and thin-layer oncolites.Ultramicroscopic,the calcite cortex and dark micrite cortex of concentric cortex oncolites are samiler in elemental composition,but different in mineral structure,and the residue of extracellular polymeric substances(EPS)was found in bimineralic cortex.According to above researching,oncolites from Zhangxia formation,especially its bright and dark cortex and micrite fabric,was formed through the calcification of biofilm or microbial mat dominated by cyanobacteria,mainly girvanella.Bonding and trapping of particles in composite oncolites and thickening growth of partial cortex in eccentric oncolites due to the growth advantages,represent for the sedimentary record of calcification by biofilm.
In order to study the sedimentary characteristics of oncolite carbonate which widely occurred in Cambrian at the north China platform,fine-grained oncolites from grain-bank faices oolitic limestoneat the top of Zhangxia formation in Cambrian at Diaoquan section in Lingqiu of Shanxi are selected for microfacies analysis.Macroscopically,according to the sedimentary facies superposition pattern reflected by the lithological changes,Zhangxia formation is subdivided into 3 Ⅳ subsequences,and oncolites are concentrated on the top of grain-bank facies oolitic limestone from the third Ⅳ subsequences.Microscopically,according to the composition,morphology and structural characteristics of nuclei and cortex,oncolites from Zhangxia formation can be divided into 5 types:composite oncolites,concentric cortex oncolites,eccentric oncolites,micrite oncolites and thin-layer oncolites.Ultramicroscopic,the calcite cortex and dark micrite cortex of concentric cortex oncolites are samiler in elemental composition,but different in mineral structure,and the residue of extracellular polymeric substances(EPS)was found in bimineralic cortex.According to above researching,oncolites from Zhangxia formation,especially its bright and dark cortex and micrite fabric,was formed through the calcification of biofilm or microbial mat dominated by cyanobacteria,mainly girvanella.Bonding and trapping of particles in composite oncolites and thickening growth of partial cortex in eccentric oncolites due to the growth advantages,represent for the sedimentary record of calcification by biofilm.
引文
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[15]代明月,齐永安,常玉光,等.河南登封地区寒武系第三统馒头组二段中的核形石及其意义[J].沉积学报,2014,32(3):410-417.Dai Mingyue,Qi Yongan,Chang Yuguang,et al.Oncoids and their significance from the second member of the Mantou formation(Cambrian Series 3),Dengfeng area,Henan[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2014,32(3):410-417.
[16]齐永安,李妲,代明月,等.豫西寒武纪微生物岩与后生动物扰动灰岩的耦合关系及其意义[C].东阳:中国古生物学会,2013.Qi Yongan,Li Da,Dai Mingyue,et al.Significance of microbialites of Cambrian in western Henan and the coupling relationship with metazoan turbulence limestone[C].Dongyang:National Congress of the Palaeontological Society of China,2013.
[17]张喜洋,齐永安,代明月,等.河南登封寒武系第三统张夏组核形石与遗迹化石的耦合变化[J].微体古生物学报,2015(2):184-193.Zhang Xiyang,Qi Yongan,Dai Mingyue,et al.Coupling variation of oncoids and trace fossils in the Zhangxia formation(Cambrian Series 3),Dengfeng,western Henan province[J].Acta Micropalaeontologica Sinica,2015(2):184-193.
[18]彭善池.全球寒武系四统划分框架正式确立[J].地层学杂志,2006,30(2):147-148.Peng Shanchi.A new global frame work with four series for Cambrian system[J].Journal of Stratigraph,2006,30(2):147-148.
[19]项礼文,朱兆玲.中国地层典:寒武系[M].北京:地质出版社,1999:8-9.Xiang Liwen,Zhu Zhaoling.China stratigraphic lexicon:Cambrian[M].Beijing:Geology Press,1999:8-9.
[20]冯增昭.中国寒武纪和奥陶纪岩相古地理[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2004.Feng Zengzhao.Lithofacies paleogeography of the Cambrian and Ordovician in China[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2004.
[21]陈秉麟.开平盆地府君山组[J].大庆石油学院学报,1983,7(4):63-70.Chen Binglin.Kaiping basin prefecture of Junshan[J].Journal of Daqing Petroleum Institute,1983,7(4):63-70.
[22]张文华,苏景学,魏文懂.从桌子山剖面看华北地台西缘奥陶系[J].大庆石油学院学报,2001,25(3):28-31.Zhang Wenhua,Su Jingxue,Wei Wendong.Viewing the Ordovician system of western fuinge of northern China platform from Zhuozi mountain[J].Journal of Daqing Petroleum Institute,2001,25(3):28-31.
[23]肖恩照,覃英伦,Riaz M,等.吕梁山东北缘寒武系层序地层划分:以文水苍尔会剖面为例[J].东北石油大学学报,2017,41(5):43-53.Xiao Enzhao,Qin Yinglun,Riaz M,et al.Sequence stratigraphic division of Cambrian in northeast area of Lyuliang mountain:A case study of the Cangerhui section,Wenshui city[J].Journal of Northeast Petroleum University,2017,41(5):43-53.
[24]肖恩照,隋明园,覃英伦,等.河北涞源祁家峪剖面寒武系层序地层划分[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2017,36(6):16-25.Xiao Enzhao,Sui Mingyuan,Qin Yinglun,et al.Sequence stratigraphic framework of the Cambrian succession in Qijiayu section,Laiyuan city,Hebei province[J].Petroleum Geology&Oilfield Development in Daqing,2017,36(6):16-25.
[25]梅冥相.微生物席的特征和属性:微生物席沉积学的理论基础[J].古地理学报,2014,16(3):285-304.Mei Mingxiang.Feature and nature of microbial-mat:Theoretical basis of microbial-mat sedimentology[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2014,16(3):285-304.
[26] Hgele D,Leinfelder R,Grau J,et al.Oncoids from the river Alz(southern Germany):Tiny ecosystems in a phosphorusúlimited environment[J].Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology,2006,237(2/4):378-395.
[27] Woods A D.Microbial ooids and cortoids from the lower Triassic(spathian)Virgin limestone,Nevada,USA:Evidence for an early Triassic microbial bloom in shallow depositional environments[J].Global&Planetary Change,2013,105(142):91-101.
[28] Diaz M R,Eberli G P,Blackwelder P,et al.Microbially mediated organomineralization in the formation of ooids[J].Geology,2017,45(9):771-774.
[29] Xiao E Z,Latif K,Riaz M,et al.Calcified microorganisms bloom in Furongian of the north China platform:Evidence from microbialitic-bioherm in Qijiayu section,Hebei[J].Open Geosciences,2018,10(1):250-260.
[30]贡云云.蓝细菌钙化作用[J].地质科技情报,2017(2):112-118.Gong Yunyun.Cyanobacterial calcification[J].Geological Science and Technology Information,2017(2):112-118.
[2] Han Z,Zhang X,Chi N,et al.Cambrian oncoids and other microbial-related grains on the north China platform[J].Carbonates&Evaporites,2015,30(4):373-386.
[3] Pederson C L,Mcneill D F,Klaus J S,et al.Deposition and diagenesis of marine oncoids:Implications for development of carbonate porosity[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,2015,85(11):1323-1333.
[4] Gerdes G,Dunajtschik-Piewak K,Riege H,et al.Structural diversity of biogenic carbonate particles in microbial mats[J].Sedimentology,1994,41(6):1273-1294.
[5] Schlagintweit F,Gawlick H J.Oncoid-dwelling foraminifera from late Jurassic shallow-water carbonates of the northern Calcareous Alps(Austria and Germany)[J].Facies,2009,55(2):259-266.
[6] Shi G R,Chen Z Q.Lower Permian oncolites from south China:Implications for equatorial sea-level responses to late Palaeozoic Gondwanan glaciation[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2006,26(3):424-436.
[7] Dupraz C,Reid R P,Braissant O,et al.Processes of carbonate precipitation in modern microbial mats[J].Earth Science Reviews,2009,96(3):141-162.
[8]张文浩,史晓颖,汤冬杰,等.华北地台西缘早—中寒武世过渡期核形石:微生物群落对浅海缺氧环境的响应[J].古地理学报,2014,16(3):305-318.Zhang Wenhao,Shi Xiaoying,Tang Dongjie,et al.Mass-occurrence of oncoids in the early-middle Cambrian transition at western margin of north China platform:A response of microbial community to shallow marine anoxia[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2014,16(3):305-318.
[9]梅冥相.微生物碳酸盐岩分类体系的修订:对灰岩成因结构分类体系的补充[J].地学前缘,2007,14(5):222-234.Mei Mingxiang.Feature and nature of microbial-mat:Theoretical basis of microbial-mat sedimentology[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2007,14(5):222-234.
[10] Riding R.Microbial carbonates:The geological record of calcified bacterial-algal mats and biofilms[J].Sedimentology,2000,47(Supp.1):179-214.
[11] Peryt T M.Phanerozoic oncoids-an overview[J].Facies,1981,4(1):197-213.
[12] Liu W,Zhang X.Girvanella-coated grains from Cambrian oolitic limestone[J].Facies,2012,58(4):779-787.
[13]杨仁超,樊爱萍,韩作振,等.核形石研究现状与展望[J].地球科学进展,2011,26(5):465-474.Yang Renchao,Fan Aiping,Han Zuozhen,et al.Status and prospect of studies on oncoid[J].Advances in Earth Science,2011,26(5):465-474.
[14]常玉光,黄华州,郑伟,等.河南华北型寒武系馒头组微生物岩沉积特征研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2013,42(2):236-242.Chang Yuguang,Huang Huazhou,Zheng Wei,et al.Sedimentary characteristics of microbialites of the north China type in Mantou formation Cambrian,Henan[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2013,42(2):236-242.
[15]代明月,齐永安,常玉光,等.河南登封地区寒武系第三统馒头组二段中的核形石及其意义[J].沉积学报,2014,32(3):410-417.Dai Mingyue,Qi Yongan,Chang Yuguang,et al.Oncoids and their significance from the second member of the Mantou formation(Cambrian Series 3),Dengfeng area,Henan[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2014,32(3):410-417.
[16]齐永安,李妲,代明月,等.豫西寒武纪微生物岩与后生动物扰动灰岩的耦合关系及其意义[C].东阳:中国古生物学会,2013.Qi Yongan,Li Da,Dai Mingyue,et al.Significance of microbialites of Cambrian in western Henan and the coupling relationship with metazoan turbulence limestone[C].Dongyang:National Congress of the Palaeontological Society of China,2013.
[17]张喜洋,齐永安,代明月,等.河南登封寒武系第三统张夏组核形石与遗迹化石的耦合变化[J].微体古生物学报,2015(2):184-193.Zhang Xiyang,Qi Yongan,Dai Mingyue,et al.Coupling variation of oncoids and trace fossils in the Zhangxia formation(Cambrian Series 3),Dengfeng,western Henan province[J].Acta Micropalaeontologica Sinica,2015(2):184-193.
[18]彭善池.全球寒武系四统划分框架正式确立[J].地层学杂志,2006,30(2):147-148.Peng Shanchi.A new global frame work with four series for Cambrian system[J].Journal of Stratigraph,2006,30(2):147-148.
[19]项礼文,朱兆玲.中国地层典:寒武系[M].北京:地质出版社,1999:8-9.Xiang Liwen,Zhu Zhaoling.China stratigraphic lexicon:Cambrian[M].Beijing:Geology Press,1999:8-9.
[20]冯增昭.中国寒武纪和奥陶纪岩相古地理[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2004.Feng Zengzhao.Lithofacies paleogeography of the Cambrian and Ordovician in China[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2004.
[21]陈秉麟.开平盆地府君山组[J].大庆石油学院学报,1983,7(4):63-70.Chen Binglin.Kaiping basin prefecture of Junshan[J].Journal of Daqing Petroleum Institute,1983,7(4):63-70.
[22]张文华,苏景学,魏文懂.从桌子山剖面看华北地台西缘奥陶系[J].大庆石油学院学报,2001,25(3):28-31.Zhang Wenhua,Su Jingxue,Wei Wendong.Viewing the Ordovician system of western fuinge of northern China platform from Zhuozi mountain[J].Journal of Daqing Petroleum Institute,2001,25(3):28-31.
[23]肖恩照,覃英伦,Riaz M,等.吕梁山东北缘寒武系层序地层划分:以文水苍尔会剖面为例[J].东北石油大学学报,2017,41(5):43-53.Xiao Enzhao,Qin Yinglun,Riaz M,et al.Sequence stratigraphic division of Cambrian in northeast area of Lyuliang mountain:A case study of the Cangerhui section,Wenshui city[J].Journal of Northeast Petroleum University,2017,41(5):43-53.
[24]肖恩照,隋明园,覃英伦,等.河北涞源祁家峪剖面寒武系层序地层划分[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2017,36(6):16-25.Xiao Enzhao,Sui Mingyuan,Qin Yinglun,et al.Sequence stratigraphic framework of the Cambrian succession in Qijiayu section,Laiyuan city,Hebei province[J].Petroleum Geology&Oilfield Development in Daqing,2017,36(6):16-25.
[25]梅冥相.微生物席的特征和属性:微生物席沉积学的理论基础[J].古地理学报,2014,16(3):285-304.Mei Mingxiang.Feature and nature of microbial-mat:Theoretical basis of microbial-mat sedimentology[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2014,16(3):285-304.
[26] Hgele D,Leinfelder R,Grau J,et al.Oncoids from the river Alz(southern Germany):Tiny ecosystems in a phosphorusúlimited environment[J].Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology,2006,237(2/4):378-395.
[27] Woods A D.Microbial ooids and cortoids from the lower Triassic(spathian)Virgin limestone,Nevada,USA:Evidence for an early Triassic microbial bloom in shallow depositional environments[J].Global&Planetary Change,2013,105(142):91-101.
[28] Diaz M R,Eberli G P,Blackwelder P,et al.Microbially mediated organomineralization in the formation of ooids[J].Geology,2017,45(9):771-774.
[29] Xiao E Z,Latif K,Riaz M,et al.Calcified microorganisms bloom in Furongian of the north China platform:Evidence from microbialitic-bioherm in Qijiayu section,Hebei[J].Open Geosciences,2018,10(1):250-260.
[30]贡云云.蓝细菌钙化作用[J].地质科技情报,2017(2):112-118.Gong Yunyun.Cyanobacterial calcification[J].Geological Science and Technology Information,2017(2):112-118.