利用角质颚形态判别东海两种常见枪乌贼
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摘要
为了尝试利用角质颚对东海2种常见枪乌贼类种类进行判别,本研究对2015年11月采集的69尾中国枪乌贼和100尾杜氏枪乌贼的角质颚,采用主成分分析法、逐步判别分析法、傅里叶法对2种枪乌贼进行种类判别。结果显示,在所有12个形态参数的比较中,中国枪乌贼和杜氏枪乌贼都存在极显著差异,杜氏枪乌贼角质颚在雌雄群体间存在显著差异。采用逐步判别分析法对2种枪乌贼进行分类,中国枪乌贼判别正确率为92.4%,杜氏枪乌贼为85.3%,总判别正确率为88.2%。根据主成分分析结果,以2种枪乌贼主成分特征值大于1的因子中,负载值最高的形态参数比例指标构建判别函数,中国枪乌贼的判别正确率为98.5%,杜氏枪乌贼为84.2%,总判别正确率为90.1%。分雌雄对2种枪乌贼进行分类判别,雄性的总判别正确率为83.3%,雌性为97.8%。利用傅里叶法进行判别分析,基于上颚的判别总正确率为83.3%,基于下颚的判别总正确率为95.0%。研究表明,角质颚外部形态可用于2个枪乌贼种类的判别。
Based on 69 samples of Loligo chinensis and 100 samples of Uroteuthis duvauceli collected in Luchaogang in November of 2015, the paper studied the species identification between L. chinensis and U.duvauceli by principal component analysis, stepwise discriminate analysis and Fourier analysis. Results showed that there were highly significant differences in the 12 morphological parameters of beak between two species.There were also significant differences between male and female U. duvauceli. The total successful discrimination rate for L. chinensis and U. duvauceli by stepwise discriminate analysis was 88.2%. The total successful discrimination rate for L. chinensis and U. duvauceli based on the result of principal component analysis was 90.1%. The total successful discrimination rate for male L. chinensis and male U. duvauceli was 83.3%. The total successful discrimination rate for female L. chinensis and female U. duvauceli attained 97.8%. The total successful discrimination rate for L. chinensis and U. duvauceli based on the upper beak by Fourier analysis was 83.3%. The total successful discrimination rate for L. chinensis and U. duvauceli based on the lower beak by Fourier analysis reached 95%.
Based on 69 samples of Loligo chinensis and 100 samples of Uroteuthis duvauceli collected in Luchaogang in November of 2015, the paper studied the species identification between L. chinensis and U.duvauceli by principal component analysis, stepwise discriminate analysis and Fourier analysis. Results showed that there were highly significant differences in the 12 morphological parameters of beak between two species.There were also significant differences between male and female U. duvauceli. The total successful discrimination rate for L. chinensis and U. duvauceli by stepwise discriminate analysis was 88.2%. The total successful discrimination rate for L. chinensis and U. duvauceli based on the result of principal component analysis was 90.1%. The total successful discrimination rate for male L. chinensis and male U. duvauceli was 83.3%. The total successful discrimination rate for female L. chinensis and female U. duvauceli attained 97.8%. The total successful discrimination rate for L. chinensis and U. duvauceli based on the upper beak by Fourier analysis was 83.3%. The total successful discrimination rate for L. chinensis and U. duvauceli based on the lower beak by Fourier analysis reached 95%.
引文
[1]陈新军,刘必林,王尧耕.世界头足类[M].北京:海洋出版社,2009.Chen X J,Liu B L,Wang Y G.World Cephalopods[M].Beijing:China Ocean Press,2009(in Chinese).
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[3]苗振清.浙江南部外海渔业资源可持续利用研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2009.Miao Z Q.Study on sustainable utilization of fishery resources in offshore water of southern Zhejiang Province[D].Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2009(in Chinese).
[4]何大仁,肖金华,罗会明,等.杜氏枪乌贼趋光行为的研究[J].厦门大学学报,1979(3):99-104.He D R,Xiao J H,Luo H M,et al.Study on the phototactic behaviour of squid(Loligo duvauceli d’Orbigny)[J].Journal of Xiamen University,1979(3):99-104(in Chinese).
[5]邱月,曾少葵,章超桦,等.鸢乌贼和杜氏枪乌贼营养成分分析与比较[J].广东海洋大学学报,2016,36(1):19-24.Qiu Y,Zeng S K,Zhang C H,et al.Nutritional component analysis and quality evaluation of Symplectoteuthis oualaniensis and Loligo duvauceli[J].Journal of Guangdong Ocean University,2016,36(1):19-24(in Chinese).
[6]黄美珍.台湾海峡及邻近海域4种头足类的食性和营养级研究[J].台湾海峡,2004,23(3):331-340.Huang M Z.Study on feeding habits and nutrient level of four cephalopod species from Taiwan Strait and its adjacent areas[J].Journal of Oceanography in Taiwan Strait,2004,23(3):331-340(in Chinese).
[7]张壮丽,刘勇.东海区杜氏枪乌贼数量分布及其生物学特点[C]//中国南方十六省(市、区)水产学会渔业学术论坛暨第二十六次学术交流大会论文集.重庆:重庆市水产学会,2010.Zhang Z L,Liu Y.Quantity distribution and biological characteristics of Loligo duvauceli in the East China Sea[C]//Proceedings of the Fisheries Academic Forum and the 26th Academic Exchange Conference of the Fisheries Society of 16 Provinces(cities and districts)in Southern China.Chongqing:Chongqing Society of Fisheries,2010(in Chinese).
[8]张壮丽,叶孙忠,洪明进,等.闽南--台湾浅滩渔场中国枪乌贼生物学特性研究[J].福建水产,2008(1):1-5.Zhang Z L,Ye S Z,Hong J M,et al.Biological characteristics of the Chinese squid(Loligo chinensis)in Minnan-Taiwan Shallow Fishing Ground[J].Journal of Fujian Fisheries,2008(1):1-5(in Chinese).
[9]欧瑞木.中国枪乌贼性腺成熟度分期的初步研究[J].海洋科学,1983,7(1):44-46.Ou R M.Preliminary study on the stages of gonad maturity of the squid,Loligo chinensis gray[J].Journal of Marine Science,1983,7(1):44-46.
[10]李渊,孙典荣.北部湾中国枪乌贼生物学特征及资源状况变化的初步研究[J].湖北农业科学,2011,50(13):2716-2719,2735.Li Y,Sun D R.Biological characteristics and stock changes of Loligo chinensis gray in Beibu Gulf,South China Sea[J].Hubei Agricultural Sciences,2011,50(13):2716-2719,2735(in Chinese).
[11]Wolff G A.Identification and estimation of size from the beaks of 18 species of cephalopods from the Pacific Ocean[R].U.S.A:NOAA Technical Report NMFS,1984,17:50.
[12]刘必林,陈新军,方舟,等.基于角质颚长度的头足类种类判别[J].海洋与湖沼,2015,46(6):1365-1372.Liu B L,Chen X J,Fang Z,et al.Species identification of cephalopods based on beak morphometric variables[J].Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,2015,46(6):1365-1372(in Chinese).
[13]方舟,陈新军,陆化杰,等.北太平洋两个柔鱼群体角质颚形态及生长特征[J].生态学报,2014,34(19):5405-5415.Fang Z,Chen X J,Lu H J,et al.Morphology and growth of beaks in two cohorts for neon flying squid(Ommastrephes bartramii)in the North Pacific Ocean[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2014,34(19):5405-5415(in Chinese).
[14]杨林林,姜亚洲,刘尊雷,等.东海太平洋褶柔鱼角质颚的形态学分析[J].中国海洋大学学报,2012,42(10):51-57.Yang L L,Jiang Y Z,Liu Z L,et al.Variation analysis on partial morphometric measurements of beak of Todarodes pacificus inhabiting East China Sea[J].Periodical of Ocean University of China,2012,42(10):51-57(in Chinese).
[15]徐杰,刘尊雷,李圣法,等.东海剑尖枪乌贼角质颚的外部形态及生长特性[J].海洋渔业,2016,38(3):245-253.Xu J,Liu Z L,Li S F,et al.Morphology and growth characteristics of Uroteuthis edulis beak in the East China Sea[J].Marine Fisheries,2016,38(3):245-253(in Chinese).
[16]杨林林,姜亚洲,刘尊雷,等.东海火枪乌贼角质颚的形态特征[J].中国水产科学,2012,19(4):586-593.Yang L L,Jiang Y Z,Liu Z L,et al.Analysis of beak morphology of Loligo beka in the East China Sea[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2012,19(4):586-593(in Chinese).
[17]范江涛,邱永松,陈作志,等.南海鸢乌贼两个群体间角质颚形态差异分析[J].中国海洋大学学报,2015,45(10):42-49.Fan J T,Qiu Y S,Chen Z Z,et al.Morphological difference of the beak between two stocks of Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis inhabiting South China Sea[J].Periodical of Ocean University of China,2015,45 (10):42-49(in Chinese).
[18]Martínez P,Sanjuan A.Guerra A.Identification of Illex coindetii,I.illecebrosus and I.argentinus(Cephalopoda:Ommastrephidae)throughout the Atlantic Ocean;by body and beak characters[J].Marine Biology,2002,141(1):131-143.
[19]方舟,陈新军,陆化杰,等.阿根廷滑柔鱼两个群体间耳石和角质颚的形态差异[J].生态学报,2012,32(19):5986-5997.Fang Z,Chen X J,Lu H J,et al.Morphological differences in statolith and beak between two spawning stocks for Illex argentinus[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2012,32(19):5986-5997(in Chinese).
[20]Campana S E,Casselman J M.Stock discrimination using otolith shape analysis[J].Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences,1993,50(5):1062-1083(in Chinese).
[21]李辉华,郭弘艺,唐文乔,等.两种耳石分析法在鲚属种间和种群间识别效果的比较研究[J].淡水渔业,2013,43(1):14-18.Li H H,Guo H Y,Tang W Q,et al.Comparative study of two otolith shape analysis for genus Coilla species and stocks identification[J].Freshwater Fisheries,2013,43(1):14-18(in Chinese).
[22]Neige P,Dommergues J L.Disparity of beaks and tatoliths of some Coleoids:a morphometric approach to depict shape differentiation[J].Abhandlungen der Geologischen Bundesanstalt,2002,57:393-399.
[23]苏杭,方舟,陈新军.2种大洋性柔鱼类角质颚形态识别法的比较[J].海洋渔业,2016,38(3):225-235.Su H,Fang Z,Chen X J.Beak shape identification of two oceanic squids based on different methods[J].Marine Fisheries,2016,38(3):225-235(in Chinese).
[24]Clarke E M R.A handbook for the identification of Cephalopod beaks[M].Oxford:Clarendon Press,1986.
[2]农业部渔业渔政管理局.中国渔业统计年鉴-2016[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2016.Fisheries and Fisheries Administration Bureau of the Ministry of Agriculture.China fishery statistical yearbook-2016[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2016(in Chinese).
[3]苗振清.浙江南部外海渔业资源可持续利用研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2009.Miao Z Q.Study on sustainable utilization of fishery resources in offshore water of southern Zhejiang Province[D].Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2009(in Chinese).
[4]何大仁,肖金华,罗会明,等.杜氏枪乌贼趋光行为的研究[J].厦门大学学报,1979(3):99-104.He D R,Xiao J H,Luo H M,et al.Study on the phototactic behaviour of squid(Loligo duvauceli d’Orbigny)[J].Journal of Xiamen University,1979(3):99-104(in Chinese).
[5]邱月,曾少葵,章超桦,等.鸢乌贼和杜氏枪乌贼营养成分分析与比较[J].广东海洋大学学报,2016,36(1):19-24.Qiu Y,Zeng S K,Zhang C H,et al.Nutritional component analysis and quality evaluation of Symplectoteuthis oualaniensis and Loligo duvauceli[J].Journal of Guangdong Ocean University,2016,36(1):19-24(in Chinese).
[6]黄美珍.台湾海峡及邻近海域4种头足类的食性和营养级研究[J].台湾海峡,2004,23(3):331-340.Huang M Z.Study on feeding habits and nutrient level of four cephalopod species from Taiwan Strait and its adjacent areas[J].Journal of Oceanography in Taiwan Strait,2004,23(3):331-340(in Chinese).
[7]张壮丽,刘勇.东海区杜氏枪乌贼数量分布及其生物学特点[C]//中国南方十六省(市、区)水产学会渔业学术论坛暨第二十六次学术交流大会论文集.重庆:重庆市水产学会,2010.Zhang Z L,Liu Y.Quantity distribution and biological characteristics of Loligo duvauceli in the East China Sea[C]//Proceedings of the Fisheries Academic Forum and the 26th Academic Exchange Conference of the Fisheries Society of 16 Provinces(cities and districts)in Southern China.Chongqing:Chongqing Society of Fisheries,2010(in Chinese).
[8]张壮丽,叶孙忠,洪明进,等.闽南--台湾浅滩渔场中国枪乌贼生物学特性研究[J].福建水产,2008(1):1-5.Zhang Z L,Ye S Z,Hong J M,et al.Biological characteristics of the Chinese squid(Loligo chinensis)in Minnan-Taiwan Shallow Fishing Ground[J].Journal of Fujian Fisheries,2008(1):1-5(in Chinese).
[9]欧瑞木.中国枪乌贼性腺成熟度分期的初步研究[J].海洋科学,1983,7(1):44-46.Ou R M.Preliminary study on the stages of gonad maturity of the squid,Loligo chinensis gray[J].Journal of Marine Science,1983,7(1):44-46.
[10]李渊,孙典荣.北部湾中国枪乌贼生物学特征及资源状况变化的初步研究[J].湖北农业科学,2011,50(13):2716-2719,2735.Li Y,Sun D R.Biological characteristics and stock changes of Loligo chinensis gray in Beibu Gulf,South China Sea[J].Hubei Agricultural Sciences,2011,50(13):2716-2719,2735(in Chinese).
[11]Wolff G A.Identification and estimation of size from the beaks of 18 species of cephalopods from the Pacific Ocean[R].U.S.A:NOAA Technical Report NMFS,1984,17:50.
[12]刘必林,陈新军,方舟,等.基于角质颚长度的头足类种类判别[J].海洋与湖沼,2015,46(6):1365-1372.Liu B L,Chen X J,Fang Z,et al.Species identification of cephalopods based on beak morphometric variables[J].Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,2015,46(6):1365-1372(in Chinese).
[13]方舟,陈新军,陆化杰,等.北太平洋两个柔鱼群体角质颚形态及生长特征[J].生态学报,2014,34(19):5405-5415.Fang Z,Chen X J,Lu H J,et al.Morphology and growth of beaks in two cohorts for neon flying squid(Ommastrephes bartramii)in the North Pacific Ocean[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2014,34(19):5405-5415(in Chinese).
[14]杨林林,姜亚洲,刘尊雷,等.东海太平洋褶柔鱼角质颚的形态学分析[J].中国海洋大学学报,2012,42(10):51-57.Yang L L,Jiang Y Z,Liu Z L,et al.Variation analysis on partial morphometric measurements of beak of Todarodes pacificus inhabiting East China Sea[J].Periodical of Ocean University of China,2012,42(10):51-57(in Chinese).
[15]徐杰,刘尊雷,李圣法,等.东海剑尖枪乌贼角质颚的外部形态及生长特性[J].海洋渔业,2016,38(3):245-253.Xu J,Liu Z L,Li S F,et al.Morphology and growth characteristics of Uroteuthis edulis beak in the East China Sea[J].Marine Fisheries,2016,38(3):245-253(in Chinese).
[16]杨林林,姜亚洲,刘尊雷,等.东海火枪乌贼角质颚的形态特征[J].中国水产科学,2012,19(4):586-593.Yang L L,Jiang Y Z,Liu Z L,et al.Analysis of beak morphology of Loligo beka in the East China Sea[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2012,19(4):586-593(in Chinese).
[17]范江涛,邱永松,陈作志,等.南海鸢乌贼两个群体间角质颚形态差异分析[J].中国海洋大学学报,2015,45(10):42-49.Fan J T,Qiu Y S,Chen Z Z,et al.Morphological difference of the beak between two stocks of Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis inhabiting South China Sea[J].Periodical of Ocean University of China,2015,45 (10):42-49(in Chinese).
[18]Martínez P,Sanjuan A.Guerra A.Identification of Illex coindetii,I.illecebrosus and I.argentinus(Cephalopoda:Ommastrephidae)throughout the Atlantic Ocean;by body and beak characters[J].Marine Biology,2002,141(1):131-143.
[19]方舟,陈新军,陆化杰,等.阿根廷滑柔鱼两个群体间耳石和角质颚的形态差异[J].生态学报,2012,32(19):5986-5997.Fang Z,Chen X J,Lu H J,et al.Morphological differences in statolith and beak between two spawning stocks for Illex argentinus[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2012,32(19):5986-5997(in Chinese).
[20]Campana S E,Casselman J M.Stock discrimination using otolith shape analysis[J].Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences,1993,50(5):1062-1083(in Chinese).
[21]李辉华,郭弘艺,唐文乔,等.两种耳石分析法在鲚属种间和种群间识别效果的比较研究[J].淡水渔业,2013,43(1):14-18.Li H H,Guo H Y,Tang W Q,et al.Comparative study of two otolith shape analysis for genus Coilla species and stocks identification[J].Freshwater Fisheries,2013,43(1):14-18(in Chinese).
[22]Neige P,Dommergues J L.Disparity of beaks and tatoliths of some Coleoids:a morphometric approach to depict shape differentiation[J].Abhandlungen der Geologischen Bundesanstalt,2002,57:393-399.
[23]苏杭,方舟,陈新军.2种大洋性柔鱼类角质颚形态识别法的比较[J].海洋渔业,2016,38(3):225-235.Su H,Fang Z,Chen X J.Beak shape identification of two oceanic squids based on different methods[J].Marine Fisheries,2016,38(3):225-235(in Chinese).
[24]Clarke E M R.A handbook for the identification of Cephalopod beaks[M].Oxford:Clarendon Press,1986.