不同施氮量与插秧密度对寒地水稻生长发育及稻米品质的影响
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摘要
为建立适用于寒地水稻的高产优质栽培技术,以垦稻26为试验材料,设置2种氮肥用量(尿素250和200kg·hm~(-2))和3种插秧密度[30cm×10cm;30cm×12cm(CK);30cm×14cm],探究不同施氮量和插秧密度下寒地粳稻生长发育及稻米品质的变化规律。结果表明:施氮量和插秧密度对寒地粳稻茎蘖动态、叶面积指数、地上部干物质积累以及产量均有显著影响。施氮水平的增加可以提高寒地粳稻分蘖数、叶面积指数、地上部干物质积累量和产量,同时施氮水平的增加显著提高了稻米的糙米率、青米率和蛋白质含量,显著降低了直链淀粉含量和食味值。插秧密度对寒地粳稻生长发育的影响因施肥水平不同而存在差异。常规施氮水平下,随插秧密度的降低,寒地粳稻分蘖数降低,而叶面积指数、地上部干物质积累量和产量先降低后升高;减氮水平下,随插秧密度的降低,除分蘖数外寒地粳稻生长发育的各个指标均呈先升后降趋势。各施氮水平下,插秧密度对寒地粳稻稻米品质影响不显著。综合考虑肥密互作对产量和品质的影响,本试验最佳处理为N1T3(尿素250kg·hm~(-2),磷酸二铵155.4kg·hm~(-2),氯化钾119.1kg·hm~(-2),株距30cm×14cm)。
In order to establish high-yield and high-quality cultivation techniques for rice in cold regions,we studied the growth and development of japonica rice in cold region under different N application level and transplanting density.Kendao 26 was selected as test materials,the experiment set two kinds of N application levels(250 and 200 kg·hm~(-2))and three transplanting densities(30 cm×10 cm;30 cm×12 cm(CK);30 cm×14 cm).The results showed that N application level and transplanting density had significant effects on tiller dynamics,leaf area index,dry matter accumulation of above ground and yield of japonica rice in cold region.The tiller number,leaf area index,shoot dry matter accumulation and yield of japonica rice in cold region were increased with the increase of nitrogen application level,while the brown rice rate,green rice rate and protein content were significantly increased with the increase of nitrogen application level,and amylose content and taste value were significantly decreased.The effect of transplanting density on the growth and development of japonica rice in cold region was different due to different fertilization levels.With the decrease of transplanting density,the tiller number of japonica rice decreased,while leaf area index,dry matter accumulation of above ground and yield decreased first and then increased under conventional nitrogen application level.Under different nitrogen levels,transplanting density had no significant effect on the quality of japonica rice in cold region.Considering the effect of fertilizer and density on yield and quality,the best treatment for this experiment was N1 T3(urea 250 kg·hm~(-2),diammonium phosphate 155.4 kg·hm~(-2),potassium chloride 119.1 kg·hm~(-2),and plant×row spacing 30 cm×14 cm).
In order to establish high-yield and high-quality cultivation techniques for rice in cold regions,we studied the growth and development of japonica rice in cold region under different N application level and transplanting density.Kendao 26 was selected as test materials,the experiment set two kinds of N application levels(250 and 200 kg·hm~(-2))and three transplanting densities(30 cm×10 cm;30 cm×12 cm(CK);30 cm×14 cm).The results showed that N application level and transplanting density had significant effects on tiller dynamics,leaf area index,dry matter accumulation of above ground and yield of japonica rice in cold region.The tiller number,leaf area index,shoot dry matter accumulation and yield of japonica rice in cold region were increased with the increase of nitrogen application level,while the brown rice rate,green rice rate and protein content were significantly increased with the increase of nitrogen application level,and amylose content and taste value were significantly decreased.The effect of transplanting density on the growth and development of japonica rice in cold region was different due to different fertilization levels.With the decrease of transplanting density,the tiller number of japonica rice decreased,while leaf area index,dry matter accumulation of above ground and yield decreased first and then increased under conventional nitrogen application level.Under different nitrogen levels,transplanting density had no significant effect on the quality of japonica rice in cold region.Considering the effect of fertilizer and density on yield and quality,the best treatment for this experiment was N1 T3(urea 250 kg·hm~(-2),diammonium phosphate 155.4 kg·hm~(-2),potassium chloride 119.1 kg·hm~(-2),and plant×row spacing 30 cm×14 cm).
引文
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[11]马晓明,朱宝国,徐显国,等.控释氮肥对寒地水稻植株生长发育及产量的影响[J].农学学报,2013,3(3):1-3.
[12]殷春渊,王书玉,薛应征,等.氮肥处理对水稻穗部性状和品质的影响[J].天津农业科学,2013,19(1):15-19.
[13]李俊周,邵鹏,彭廷,等.施氮量对杂交水稻Y两优886产量、稻米品质及氮肥吸收利用的影响[J].杂交水稻,2017,32(6):50-54.
[14]Hong K P,Kim E S,Lee B J,et al.Influences of growing location,culture practices and application of organic manure on grain yield and quality in rice(Oryza sativa L.)[J].RDA Journal of Agricultural Science(Korea Republic),1993.
[15]张上都,伍祥,涂敏,等.氮肥水平对Y两优585稻米品质的影响[J].贵州农业科学,2014,42(11):105-108.
[16]从夕汉,施伏芝,阮新民,等.氮肥水平对不同基因型水稻氮素利用率、产量和品质的影响[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(4):1219-1226.
[2]范名宇,王晓菁,王旭虹,等.稻米支链淀粉结构的研究进展[J].中国水稻科学,2017,31(2):124-132.
[3]周培南,冯惟珠,许乃霞,等.施氮量和移栽密度对水稻产量及稻米品质的影响[J].扬州大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2001,22(1):27-31.
[4]林桂海,隗平华,潘永忠,等.施氮量对水稻产量和品质的影响[J].湖北农业科学,2015,54(3):590-592.
[5]姜辉,王秋菊,孟英,等.寒地水稻不同施氮水平对水稻产量、品质的影响[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(14):222-225.
[6]Chaturvedi I.Effect of nitrogen fertilizers on growth,yield and quality of hybrid rice(Oryza sativa L.)[J].Journal of Central European Agriculture,2005,6(4):616-618.
[7]吴春赞,叶定池,林华,等.栽插密度对水稻产量及品质的影响[J].中国农学通报,2005,21(9):190-191.
[8]刘洋.插秧密度对两种不同穗型水稻品种糖代谢及稻米品质的影响[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2014.
[9]张忠臣,刘海英,高红秀,等.施肥量和穴内插秧密度对寒地粳稻产量和品质性状的影响[J].作物杂志,2012(3):99-104.
[10]杨惠杰,李义珍.超高产水稻的产量构成和库源结构[J].福建农业学报,1999,14(1):1-5.
[11]马晓明,朱宝国,徐显国,等.控释氮肥对寒地水稻植株生长发育及产量的影响[J].农学学报,2013,3(3):1-3.
[12]殷春渊,王书玉,薛应征,等.氮肥处理对水稻穗部性状和品质的影响[J].天津农业科学,2013,19(1):15-19.
[13]李俊周,邵鹏,彭廷,等.施氮量对杂交水稻Y两优886产量、稻米品质及氮肥吸收利用的影响[J].杂交水稻,2017,32(6):50-54.
[14]Hong K P,Kim E S,Lee B J,et al.Influences of growing location,culture practices and application of organic manure on grain yield and quality in rice(Oryza sativa L.)[J].RDA Journal of Agricultural Science(Korea Republic),1993.
[15]张上都,伍祥,涂敏,等.氮肥水平对Y两优585稻米品质的影响[J].贵州农业科学,2014,42(11):105-108.
[16]从夕汉,施伏芝,阮新民,等.氮肥水平对不同基因型水稻氮素利用率、产量和品质的影响[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(4):1219-1226.