巢湖流域双桥河底泥疏浚对浮游甲壳动物群落结构的影响
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摘要
为研究河流底泥疏浚工程对富营养化河流水生生态系统的影响,选取巢湖双桥河开展为期一年的河流生态监测与调查,对比分析了巢湖双桥河疏浚前和疏浚后的水质指标、浮游甲壳动物群落结构及生物多样性指数.研究发现:底泥疏浚后双桥河水质得到明显改善,其中氮、磷营养盐分别削减48.09%和19.09%;底泥疏浚对浮游甲壳动物群落结构影响显著,疏浚后浮游甲壳动物生物量从1.86 mg/L下降到0.25 mg/L,下降了86.40%;疏浚后生物多样性指数高于疏浚前,且受季节影响较大;浮游甲壳动物与水环境因子相关性研究发现:p H、温度、铵态氮、硝态氮、可溶性氮、总氮和氮磷比对浮游甲壳动物总生物量均有极显著影响.研究结果表明,河流底泥疏浚工程能显著削减水体中氮、磷营养盐,并从一定程度上改善河流浮游甲壳动物群落结构,促进河流水生生态系统向健康、安全的方向发展.因此,对于双桥河这种受城市外源污染影响较大的城市污染型河流,在削减外源营养盐特别是氮输入的条件下,实施底泥疏浚工程可以促进其水生生态系统的修复.
The effects of sediment dredging events on the aquatic ecosystem of Shuangqiao River in Chaohu Basin were researched in the present study,a one-year investigation on the aquatic ecosystem operated in the river. The water quality,the crustacean zooplankton community and the biodiversity index were compared and analyzed pre-with post-dredging. Our results indicated that: The sediment dredging events improved the water quality of Shuangqiao River significantly,and the concentration of nitrogen( N) and phosphorus( P) decreased by 48.09% and 19.09%,respectively. The sediment dredging events had a significant influence on the crustacean zooplankton community,the biomass of crustacean zooplankton decreased from 1. 86 mg/L to 0. 25 mg/L,which declined by 86.40%. The biodiversity index was mainly affected by sediment dredging and season. There's significant relationships between crustacean zooplankton and environment factors: p H,temperature,ammonium,nitrate,total dissolved nitrogen,total nitrogen and nitrogen: phosphorus ratio were positive to the biomass of crustacean zooplankton. Our results suggested that the sediment dredging would reduce the internal nutrients of river significantly. Furthermore,the sediment dredging events had a significant effect on the crustacean zooplankton community. The aquatic ecosystems of river would be healthy and safety by the operation of sediment dredging. Therefore,the sediment dredging would be beneficial for the aquatic ecosystem,while the eutrophication management of river was not only attribute to the removal of urban external pollution,but also to the exogenous pollution,especially for the reduction of N input.
The effects of sediment dredging events on the aquatic ecosystem of Shuangqiao River in Chaohu Basin were researched in the present study,a one-year investigation on the aquatic ecosystem operated in the river. The water quality,the crustacean zooplankton community and the biodiversity index were compared and analyzed pre-with post-dredging. Our results indicated that: The sediment dredging events improved the water quality of Shuangqiao River significantly,and the concentration of nitrogen( N) and phosphorus( P) decreased by 48.09% and 19.09%,respectively. The sediment dredging events had a significant influence on the crustacean zooplankton community,the biomass of crustacean zooplankton decreased from 1. 86 mg/L to 0. 25 mg/L,which declined by 86.40%. The biodiversity index was mainly affected by sediment dredging and season. There's significant relationships between crustacean zooplankton and environment factors: p H,temperature,ammonium,nitrate,total dissolved nitrogen,total nitrogen and nitrogen: phosphorus ratio were positive to the biomass of crustacean zooplankton. Our results suggested that the sediment dredging would reduce the internal nutrients of river significantly. Furthermore,the sediment dredging events had a significant effect on the crustacean zooplankton community. The aquatic ecosystems of river would be healthy and safety by the operation of sediment dredging. Therefore,the sediment dredging would be beneficial for the aquatic ecosystem,while the eutrophication management of river was not only attribute to the removal of urban external pollution,but also to the exogenous pollution,especially for the reduction of N input.
引文
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[27]Xiao MC.Spatio-temporal distribution characteristic of nutrients in water of Lake Chaohu[Dissertation].Wuhu:Anhui Normal University,2015.[肖满成.巢湖水体中氮磷营养盐时空分布特征研究[学位论文].芜湖:安徽师范大学,2015.]
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[2]Liu HL,Cao XY,Song CL et al.Application of sediment dredging technology for restoration of eutrophic lakes.Environmental Pollution&Control,2012,34(2):87-91,101.[刘华丽,曹秀云,宋春雷等.沉积物疏浚技术在富营养化湖泊修复中的应用.环境污染与防治,2012,34(2):87-91,101.]
[3]Zhong J,Fan C,Zhang L et al.Significance of dredging on sediment denitrification in Meiliang Bay,China:A year long simulation study.Journal of Environmental Sciences,2010,22(1):68-75.
[4]Wang J,Liu XD,Lu J.Urban river pollution control and remediation.Procedia Environmental Sciences,2012,13(10):1856-1862.
[5]Pu PM,Wang GX.Can we control lake eutrophication by dredging?J Lake Sci,2000,12(3):269-279.DOI:10.18307/2000.0312.[濮培民,王国祥.底泥疏浚能控制湖泊富营养化吗?湖泊科学,2000,12(3):269-279.]
[6]Wang XY,Feng J,Li H.Research on variety of plankton community prior and post sediment dredging in Nanhu Lake,Changchun.Journal of Northeast Normal University:Natural Science Edition,2005,37(3):90-94.[王小雨,冯江,李贺.底泥疏浚前后长春南湖浮游生物群落变化研究.东北师大学报:自然科学版,2005,37(3):90-94.]
[7]Zhang SY,Zhou QH,Xu D et al.Effects of sediment dredging on water quality and zooplankton community structure in a shallow of eutrophic lake.Journal of Environmental Sciences,2010,22(2):218-224.
[8]Wu ZY,Yu ZM,Sheng HY et al.Ecological effects of the dredging in the West Lake,Hangzhou.J Lake Sci,2008,20(3):277-284.DOI:10.18307/2008.0303.[吴芝瑛,虞左明,盛海燕等.杭州西湖底泥疏浚工程的生态效应.湖泊科学,2008,20(3):277-284.]
[9]Ryding SO.Lake Treh9rningen restoration project.Changes in water quality after sediment dredging.Hydrobiologia,1982,91/92(1):549-558.
[10]Murphy TP,Lawson A,Kumagai M et al.Review of emerging issues in sediment treatment.Aquatic Ecosystem Health&Management,1999,2(4):419-434.
[11]Fan CX,Zhang L,Wang JJ et al.Process and mechanism of the influence of lake sediment dredging on endogenous release.Chinese Science Bulletin,2004,49(15):1523-1528.[范成新,张路,王建军等.湖泊底泥疏浚对内源释放影响的过程与机理.科学通报,2004,49(15):1523-1528.]
[12]Tian X,Fu HC,Li Y et al.Seasonal dynamics of crustacean zooplankton community structure in Fujin National Wetland Park.Wetland Science,2017,15(1):73-79.[田雪,付宏臣,李宇等.2015年富锦国家湿地公园水体中浮游甲壳动物群落结构及多样性季节动态.湿地科学,2017,15(1):73-79.]
[13]Byron ER,Folt CL,Goldman CR.Copepod and cladoceran success in an oligotrophic lake.Journal of Plankton Research,1984,6(1):45-65.
[14]Yang W,Deng DG,Zhang S et al.Seasonal dynamics of crustacean zooplankton community structure in Erhai Lake,a plateau lake,with reference to phytoplankton and environmental factors.Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology,2014,32(5):1074-1082.
[15]Lampert W.Zooplankton research:the contribution of limnology to general ecological paradigms.Aquatic Ecology,1997,31(1):19-27.
[16]Yu JH,Zhong JC,Zhang YL et al.Simulation of influence of dredging on sediment resuspension and nutrient loading in lake.J Lake Sci,2012,24(1):34-42.DOI:10.18307/2012.0105.[余居华,钟继承,张银龙等.湖泊底泥疏浚对沉积物再悬浮及营养盐负荷影响的模拟.湖泊科学,2012,24(1):34-42.]
[17]Zhong JC,Liu GF,Fan CX et al.Environmental effect of sediment dredging in lake(Ⅰ):the role of sediment dredging in reducing internal phosphorous release.J Lake Sci,2009,21(1):84-93.DOI:10.18307/2009.0111.[钟继承,刘国锋,范成新等.湖泊底泥疏浚环境效应:Ⅰ:内源磷释放控制作用.湖泊科学,2009,21(1):84-93.]
[18]Sima XF,Zhu WT,Fang T.Effect of dredging engineering on water environmental capacity of Shuangqiao River,Chaohu Lake.Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2012,6(7):2207-2214.[司马小峰,朱文涛,方涛.疏浚对巢湖双桥河水环境容量的影响.环境工程学报,2012,6(7):2207-2214.]
[19]Liu S,Kong FX,Cai YF et al.Nitrogen stable isotope study on nitrate nitrogen pollution of four in flowing rivers of Lake Chaohu.J Lake Sci,2012,24(6):952-956.DOI:10.18307/2012.0619.[刘姝,孔繁翔,蔡元锋等.巢湖四条入湖河流硝态氮污染来源的氮稳定同位素解析.湖泊科学,2012,24(6):952-956.]
[20]Wang GZ,Fang T,Tang W et al.Long-term effects of dredging on pollutant distribution in sediments of a heavily polluted inflow river.J Lake Sci,2014,26(6):837-843.DOI:10.18307/2014.0604.[王广召,方涛,唐巍等.疏浚对巢湖重污染入湖河流沉积物中污染物赋存及释放的影响.湖泊科学,2014,26(6):837-843.]
[21]Editorial board of"Water and wastewater monitoring and analysis method",Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People's Republic of China ed.Monitoring and analysis methods of water and wastewater:fourth edition.Beijing:China Environmental Science Press,2002.[国家环境保护总局《水和废水监测分析方法》编委会.水和废水监测分析方法:第4版.北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002.]
[22]Fauna Editorial Committee Academia Sinica ed.Fauna Sinica Crustacea Freshwater Cladocera.Beijing:Science Press,1979.[中国科学院中国动物志委员会.中国动物志:节肢动物门甲壳纲淡水枝角类.北京:科学出版社,1979.]
[23]Fauna Editorial Committee Academia Sinica ed.Fauna Sinica Crustacea Freshwater Copepod.Beijing:Science Press.1999.[中国科学院中国动物志委员会.中国动物志:节肢动物门甲壳纲淡水桡足类.北京:科学出版社,1999.]
[24]Chen XM.Biomass calculation of freshwater Copepoda.Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,1981,3:397-408.[陈雪梅.淡水桡足类生物量的测算.水生生物学报,1981,3:397-408.]
[25]Fan ZN.Comparison of two methods for determining freshwater cladocera biomass Chinese Journal of Zoology,1988,5:32-34.[范正年.测定淡水枝角类生物量的两种方法比较.动物学杂志,1988,5:32-34.]
[26]Zhong CX,Zhang W.River engineering and ecological rehabilitation.Advances in Science and Technology of Water Resources,2004,24(3):12-14.[钟春欣,张玮.基于河道治理的河流生态修复.水利水电科技进展,2004,24(3):12-14.]
[27]Xiao MC.Spatio-temporal distribution characteristic of nutrients in water of Lake Chaohu[Dissertation].Wuhu:Anhui Normal University,2015.[肖满成.巢湖水体中氮磷营养盐时空分布特征研究[学位论文].芜湖:安徽师范大学,2015.]
[28]Nayar S,Miller DJ,Hunt A et al.Environmental effects of dredging on sediment nutrients,carbon and granulometry in a tropical estuary.Environmental Monitoring&Assessment,2007,127(1/2/3):1-13.
[29]Sarma SSS,Nandini S,Gulati RD.Life history strategies of cladocerans:comparisons of tropical and temperate taxa.Hydrobiologia,2005,542(1):315-333.
[30]Liu BG,Liu X,Wu Y et al.Spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of planktonic crustaceans in Lake Poyang.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2016,36(24):8205-8213.[刘宝贵,刘霞,吴瑶等.鄱阳湖浮游甲壳动物群落结构特征.生态学报,2016,36(24):8205-8213.]
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