摘要
【目的】厘清同行评议历史演进脉络,把握学术期刊同行评议未来发展趋势。【方法】结合纵向历史法和过程-事件分析法,在理解学术期刊同行评议与科学、社会背景之间关系的基础上,梳理学术期刊同行评议的发展历程,确定其历史演进中的关键节点,并据此划分为不同阶段,进而剖析各阶段的主要特征。【结果】学术期刊同行评议演进过程中出现了两个关键历史节点:科学政策的奠基性文件布什报告的发布和预印本网站的诞生,前后大致经历了个体化、制度化和社会化3个发展阶段。【结论】在个体化阶段中,由小部分早期学术期刊采用的同行评议尚不被科学共同体广泛认可;及至制度化阶段,同行评议被大量采用并得到广泛认可,成为学术文化的一部分;同行评议进入社会化阶段后,即步入了创新变革的新时代。未来的学术期刊同行评议将朝着更透明、更智能、更多元的方向发展。
[Purposes] This paper aims to clarify the historical evolution of peer review of academic journals and grasp the development trend of it. [Methods]Based on the longitudinal history method and the process-event analysis method,on the basis of understanding the relationship between peer review and scientific and social background,we combed the development history of peer review of academic journals and determined the key nodes to its historical evolution,divided it into different periods according to the nodes,and then analyzed the main features of each period. [Findings]After analyzing the characteristics of three historical periods divided by the two nodes,i.e.,the Report to the President submitted by Vannevar Bush and the advent of preprint server,we find that three features,individuation,institutionalization,and socialization,mark the three historical periods of the peer review of academic journals in retrospect. [Conclusions] In the period of individuation,the peer review system was developed by a small number of early academic journals independently and had not been widely recognized by scientific community; in the period of institutionalization,the peer review had been widely adopted and recognized as a part of academic culture; and in the period of socialization,the peer review entered a new era of innovation and transformation. In the future,the peer review of academic journals will move toward being more transparent,more intelligent,and more pluralistic.
引文
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