缺资料小流域污染负荷历时曲线建立方法探讨
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摘要
制定污染物负荷历时曲线(LDC)是实现水域纳污能力的动态管理和落实逐日最大污染负荷通量(TMDL)控制的关键。但对小流域来说,实测径流数据的缺乏使流量历时曲线(FDC)的建立变得非常困难。针对我国中小流域水文观测站点稀少,观测资料缺乏程度不同,提出了径流系列法、径流系列延长法、水文模型模拟生成法、相似流域法、径流深法等5种构建LDC的方法,并改进了相似流域法在应用过程中可能遇到的问题。为验证5种方法的适用性,以资料缺乏的岷江支流思蒙河流域为例,分别探讨了5种方法的可行性和计算结果的合理性。结果表明,5种方法基本可行,计算结果能满足中小流域污染物的动态管理和实施TMDL控制的需求。
The establishment of load duration curve( LDC) is an important issue to realize the dynamic management ofpollutant carrying capacity and the control of total maximum daily load( TMDL) in a river. However,for small catchments,thelack of observed runoff data makes the development of flow duration curve being more difficult. Considering the lack level ofrunoff data in small to medium sized river basin in China,five methods are proposed for the development of LDC,includingrunoff series method,runoff-extension method,runoff simulation method based on hydrological models,river basin similaritymethod and runoff depth method. Some improvements for river basin similarity method are also proposed. In order to testify theapplicability of these methods,a case study is conducted in Simeng River basin,a tributary of Minjiang River. The resultsindicate that five methods are applicable,and the results of these methods can meet the requirements of dynamic pollutantmanagement and TMDL control in small to medium sized catchments.
The establishment of load duration curve( LDC) is an important issue to realize the dynamic management ofpollutant carrying capacity and the control of total maximum daily load( TMDL) in a river. However,for small catchments,thelack of observed runoff data makes the development of flow duration curve being more difficult. Considering the lack level ofrunoff data in small to medium sized river basin in China,five methods are proposed for the development of LDC,includingrunoff series method,runoff-extension method,runoff simulation method based on hydrological models,river basin similaritymethod and runoff depth method. Some improvements for river basin similarity method are also proposed. In order to testify theapplicability of these methods,a case study is conducted in Simeng River basin,a tributary of Minjiang River. The resultsindicate that five methods are applicable,and the results of these methods can meet the requirements of dynamic pollutantmanagement and TMDL control in small to medium sized catchments.
引文
[1]张新华,李红霞,肖玉成,等.缺资料流域水污染物总量分配方法研究[J].中国水利水电科学研究院学报,2011,9(2):136-142.
[2]杨国华,陈小兰,刘慧丽.污染负荷历时曲线法在赣江流域水污染物总量监控中的应用[J].江西科学,2007,25(6):726-729.
[3]LANE P N J,BEST A E,HICKEL K,et al.The response of flow duration curves to afforestation[J].Journal of Hydrology,2005,310(1-4):253-265.
[4]程艳,李炳花,此里能布,等.水污染LDC在洱海弥苴河流域水质分析中的应用[J].水电能源科学,2008,26(4):27-30.
[5]陈奕,张新华,李红霞,等.LDC法在水污染控制中的应用研究[J].西南民族大学学报:自然科学版,2011,37(5):822-826.
[6]程艳,李炳花,此里能布,等.负荷历时曲线在流域水质特征分析中的应用[J].水资源保护,2009,25(2):33-37.
[7]SL 77-94小型水力发电站水文计算规范[S].
[8]ARNOLD J G,SRINIVASAN R,RAMANARAYANAN T S,et al.Water resources of the Texas Gulf basin[J].Water Science&Technology,1999,39(3):121-133.
[9]潘杰,胡尊乐,谷洪彪,等.基于SWAT模型的辽西走廊海岸带无观测资料流域地表径流模拟[J].水文,2009,29(6):62-64.
[2]杨国华,陈小兰,刘慧丽.污染负荷历时曲线法在赣江流域水污染物总量监控中的应用[J].江西科学,2007,25(6):726-729.
[3]LANE P N J,BEST A E,HICKEL K,et al.The response of flow duration curves to afforestation[J].Journal of Hydrology,2005,310(1-4):253-265.
[4]程艳,李炳花,此里能布,等.水污染LDC在洱海弥苴河流域水质分析中的应用[J].水电能源科学,2008,26(4):27-30.
[5]陈奕,张新华,李红霞,等.LDC法在水污染控制中的应用研究[J].西南民族大学学报:自然科学版,2011,37(5):822-826.
[6]程艳,李炳花,此里能布,等.负荷历时曲线在流域水质特征分析中的应用[J].水资源保护,2009,25(2):33-37.
[7]SL 77-94小型水力发电站水文计算规范[S].
[8]ARNOLD J G,SRINIVASAN R,RAMANARAYANAN T S,et al.Water resources of the Texas Gulf basin[J].Water Science&Technology,1999,39(3):121-133.
[9]潘杰,胡尊乐,谷洪彪,等.基于SWAT模型的辽西走廊海岸带无观测资料流域地表径流模拟[J].水文,2009,29(6):62-64.