陕西段家峡地区上奥陶统平凉组重力流沉积特征
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摘要
陕西陇县段家峡剖面奥陶系平凉组以碳酸盐岩重力流沉积为主,然而部分层位发育砂岩层,长期以来人们对这套砂岩的沉积特征特别是其物质来源缺乏系统化的研究。针对这一不足,本次研究采取野外剖面实测、镜下薄片观察和地球化学测试分析等方法,取得如下成果:①识别出2种岩相类型,其均具有典型的浊流沉积特征,分别代表近端朵叶沉积和远端朵叶沉积;②垂向上变细变薄的层序特征,反映了海侵背景下水道末端迁移—消亡这一演化过程;③微量元素数据表明,研究区具有炎热干旱的气候特点,沉积时水体具有较高盐度并处于氧化-还原界面附近。在沉积学研究的基础上,结合构造背景、古流向、岩性变化趋势以及地化数据,认为研究区具有双物源的特征,其中这套陆源碎屑物质来自北祁连-北秦岭岛弧而非鄂尔多斯盆地南缘的古陆,最终建立了该地区平凉组重力流沉积模式。
The Ordovician Pingliang Formation in Duanjiaxia profile,of Shaanxi Province is dominated by gravity flow deposits of carbonate rocks. However,sandstones are developed in some layers. For a long time,there has been a lack of systematic study on its sedimentary characteristics,especially its sources. In order to solve this problem,the following achievements have been achieved by means of field profile measurement,microscopic observation and geochemical analysis. Results show these as follows. ① Two types of lithofacies have been identified,which all have typical turbidity depositional characteristics,representing the proximal lobe deposits and the distal lobe deposits respectively; ② the sequence characteristics of vertical thinning reflect the end of the channel migration under the background of transgression; ③ Trace element data show that the study area is characterized by hot climate,and the water has high salinity and is near to the oxidation-reduction interface during deposition. Based on the study of sedimentology,combined with tectonic setting,paleocurrent,lithological change trend and geochemical data,it is considered that the terrigenous clastic material comes from the North Qilian island arc rather than from the land in the southern margin of Ordos. The study area indicates that it has the feather of double provenance supply Finally,the gravity flow depositional model of Pingliang Formation in study area is established.
The Ordovician Pingliang Formation in Duanjiaxia profile,of Shaanxi Province is dominated by gravity flow deposits of carbonate rocks. However,sandstones are developed in some layers. For a long time,there has been a lack of systematic study on its sedimentary characteristics,especially its sources. In order to solve this problem,the following achievements have been achieved by means of field profile measurement,microscopic observation and geochemical analysis. Results show these as follows. ① Two types of lithofacies have been identified,which all have typical turbidity depositional characteristics,representing the proximal lobe deposits and the distal lobe deposits respectively; ② the sequence characteristics of vertical thinning reflect the end of the channel migration under the background of transgression; ③ Trace element data show that the study area is characterized by hot climate,and the water has high salinity and is near to the oxidation-reduction interface during deposition. Based on the study of sedimentology,combined with tectonic setting,paleocurrent,lithological change trend and geochemical data,it is considered that the terrigenous clastic material comes from the North Qilian island arc rather than from the land in the southern margin of Ordos. The study area indicates that it has the feather of double provenance supply Finally,the gravity flow depositional model of Pingliang Formation in study area is established.
引文
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8 晋慧娟,孙明良,李育慈.内蒙古桌子山中奥陶统的“特殊”浊积岩系[J].沉积学报,2005,23(1):34-40Jin Huijuan,Sun Mingliang,Li Yuci. The“special”turbidite measure of the Middle Ordovician series in Zhuozishan area,Inner Mongolia[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2005,23(1):34-40
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14 陈小炜,牟传龙,葛祥英,等.华北板块西南缘早古生代构造演化与沉积响应———以段家峡剖面为例[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2014,34(5):73-80Chen Xiaowei,Mou Chuanlong,Ge xiangying,et al. Tectonic evolution of southwest margin of north China in early palaeozoic and its sedimentary response:a case study of the Duanjiaxia profile[J]. Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,2014,34(5):73-80
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16 李文厚,陈强,李智超,等.鄂尔多斯地区早古生代岩相古地理[J].古地理学报,2012,14(1):85-100Li Wenhou,Chen Qiang,Li Zhichao,et al. Lithofacies palaeogeography of the Early Paleozoic in Ordos Area[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography,2012,14(1):85-100
17 何幼斌,高振中,罗顺社,等.陕西陇县地区平凉组三段发现内潮汐沉积[J].石油天然气学报,2007,29(4):28-33He Youbin,Gao Zhenzhong,Luo Shunshe,et al. Discovery of internal-tide deposits from the Third Member of Pingliang Formation in Longxian area,Shaanxi Province[J]. Journal of Oil and Gas Technology,2007,29(4):28-33
18 高红灿,郑荣才,魏钦廉,等.碎屑流与浊流的流体性质及沉积特征研究进展[J].地球科学进展,2012,27(8):815-827Gao Hongcan,Zheng Rongcai,Wei Qinlian,et al. Reviews on fluid properties and sedimentary characteristics of debris flows and turbidity currents[J]. Advances in Earth Sciences,2012,27(8):815-827
19 李华,何幼斌,王振奇.深水高弯度水道-堤岸沉积体系形态及特征[J].古地理学报,2011,13(2):139-149Li Hua,He Youbin,Wang Zhenqi. Morphology and characteristics of deep water high sinuous channel-leeve system[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography,2011,13(2):139-149
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2 Yang T,Cao Y,Wang Y. Status and trends in research on deep-water gravity flow deposits[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition),2015,89(2):610-631
3 Shanmugam G. Submarine fans:a critical retrospective(1950~2015)[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography,2016,5(2):110-184
4 Shanmugam G. New perspectives on deep-water sandstones:origin,recognition, initiation, and reservoir quality[M]. UK:Elsevier,2012
5 林畅松,夏庆龙,施和生,等.地貌演化、源-汇过程与盆地分析[J].地学前缘,2015,22(1):9-20Lin Changsong,Xia Qinglong,Shi Hesheng,et al. Geomorphological evolution,source to sink system and basin analysis[J]. Earth Science Frontiers,2015,22(1):9-20
6 吴嘉鹏,王英民,王海荣,等.深水重力流与底流交互作用研究进展[J].地质论评,2012,58(6):1110-1120Wu Jiapeng,Wang Yingmin,Wang Hairong,et al. The interaction between deep-water turbidity and bottom currents:a review[J]. Geological Review,2012,58(6):1110-1120
7 侯泉林,郭谦谦,方爱民.造山带研究中有关复理石和磨拉石的几个问题[J].岩石学报,2018,34(7):1885-1896Hou Quanlin,Guo Qianqian,Fang Aimin. Discussions on some basic problems in the research of orogenic belts concerning on flysch and molasse[J]. Acta Petrologica Sinica,2018,34(7):1885-1896
8 晋慧娟,孙明良,李育慈.内蒙古桌子山中奥陶统的“特殊”浊积岩系[J].沉积学报,2005,23(1):34-40Jin Huijuan,Sun Mingliang,Li Yuci. The“special”turbidite measure of the Middle Ordovician series in Zhuozishan area,Inner Mongolia[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2005,23(1):34-40
9 张进,李锦轶,刘建峰,等.早古生代阿拉善地块与华北地块之间的关系:来自阿拉善东缘中奥陶统碎屑锆石的信息[J].岩石学报,2012,28(9):2912-2934Zhang Jin,Li Jinyi,Liu Jianfeng,et al. The relationship between the Alxa Block and the North China Plate during the Early Paleozoic:New information from the Middle Ordovician detrial zircon ages in the eastern Alxa Block[J]. Acta Petrologica Sinica,2012,28(9):2912-2934
10 袁路朋,周洪瑞,景秀春,等.鄂尔多斯盆地南缘奥陶系碳酸盐微相及其沉积环境分析[J].地质学报,2014,88(3):421-432Yuan Lupeng,Zhou Hongrui,Jing Xiuchun,et al. Microfacies and facies analysis of the Ordovician Carbonates in the South Margin of the Ordos Basin[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica,2014,88(3):421-432
11 董兆雄,赵敬松,方少仙,等.鄂尔多斯盆地南部奥陶纪末端变陡缓坡沉积模式[J].西南石油学院学报,2002,24(1):50-52Dong Zhaoxiong,Zhao Jingsong,Fang Shaoxian,et al. Sedimentary model of distally steepening ramp of ordovician in Southern Ordos Basin[J]. Journal of Southwest Petroleum Institute,2002,24(1):50-52
12 梅志超,陈景维,卢焕勇,等.陕西富平中奥陶统平凉组的深水碳酸盐碎屑流[J].石油与天然气地质,1982,3(1):53-60Mei Zhichao,Chen Jingwei,Lu Huanyong,et al. Deep water carbonate debris flow in the Middle Ordovician Pingliang Formation of Fuping,Shaanxi[J]. Oil&Gas Geology,1982,3(1):53-60
13 吴胜和,冯增昭,张吉森.鄂尔多斯地区西缘及南缘中奥陶统平凉组重力流沉积[J].石油与天然气地质,1994,15(3):226-234Wu Shenghe,Feng Zengzhao,Zhang Jisen. Sedimentology of gravity flow deposits of Middle Ordovician Pingliang Formation in west and south margins of Ordos[J]. Oil&Gas Geology,1994,15(3):226-234
14 陈小炜,牟传龙,葛祥英,等.华北板块西南缘早古生代构造演化与沉积响应———以段家峡剖面为例[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2014,34(5):73-80Chen Xiaowei,Mou Chuanlong,Ge xiangying,et al. Tectonic evolution of southwest margin of north China in early palaeozoic and its sedimentary response:a case study of the Duanjiaxia profile[J]. Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,2014,34(5):73-80
15 周鼎武.鄂尔多斯盆地西南缘地质特征及其与秦岭造山带的关系[M].北京:地质出版社,1994Zhou Dingwu. Geological characteristics of Southwestern margin of Ordos Basin and its relationship with Qinling Orogenic Belt[M].Beijing:Geology Press,1994
16 李文厚,陈强,李智超,等.鄂尔多斯地区早古生代岩相古地理[J].古地理学报,2012,14(1):85-100Li Wenhou,Chen Qiang,Li Zhichao,et al. Lithofacies palaeogeography of the Early Paleozoic in Ordos Area[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography,2012,14(1):85-100
17 何幼斌,高振中,罗顺社,等.陕西陇县地区平凉组三段发现内潮汐沉积[J].石油天然气学报,2007,29(4):28-33He Youbin,Gao Zhenzhong,Luo Shunshe,et al. Discovery of internal-tide deposits from the Third Member of Pingliang Formation in Longxian area,Shaanxi Province[J]. Journal of Oil and Gas Technology,2007,29(4):28-33
18 高红灿,郑荣才,魏钦廉,等.碎屑流与浊流的流体性质及沉积特征研究进展[J].地球科学进展,2012,27(8):815-827Gao Hongcan,Zheng Rongcai,Wei Qinlian,et al. Reviews on fluid properties and sedimentary characteristics of debris flows and turbidity currents[J]. Advances in Earth Sciences,2012,27(8):815-827
19 李华,何幼斌,王振奇.深水高弯度水道-堤岸沉积体系形态及特征[J].古地理学报,2011,13(2):139-149Li Hua,He Youbin,Wang Zhenqi. Morphology and characteristics of deep water high sinuous channel-leeve system[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography,2011,13(2):139-149
20 倪春华,周小进,王果寿,等.鄂尔多斯盆地南缘平凉组烃源岩沉积环境与地球化学特征[J].石油与天然气地质,2011,32(1):38-46Ni Chunhua,Zhou Xiaojin,Wang Guoshou,et al. Sedimentary environment and geochemical characteristics of hydrocarbon source rocks in the Pingliang Formation,southern margin of the Ordos Basin[J]. Oil&Gasgeology,2011,32(1):38-46
21 杨甫.鄂尔多斯地块西南部早古生代海相盆地原型及其对油气地质条件的制约[D].西安:西北大学,2015Yang Fu. Marine basin prototype of early Paleozoic in the southwestern Ordos block and its restriction on oil and gas geological conditions[D]. Xi'an:Northwest University,2015
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