2014年-2016年中国临床护理实践指南的质量评价
|
摘要
[目的]评价2014年—2016年中国临床护理实践指南的质量,并将其与之前的指南进行比较。[方法]计算机检索中国期刊全文数据库(CNKI)、万方数据库(Wanfang)、维普中文科技期刊数据库(VIP)、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)4个中文期刊数据库,检索时间为2014年1月—2016年12月,筛选并获取公开发表的临床护理实践指南,并采用指南质量评价工具Ⅱ(AGREEⅡ)评价纳入指南的质量。[结果]共纳入50项指南,在AGREEⅡ中范围和目的、参与人员、制定的严谨性、清晰性、应用性、编辑的独立性各领域得分百分比分别为29.17%(23.61%,36.11%)、0.00(0.00,0.00)、5.73%(3.65%,7.29%)、50.00%(38.89%,55.56%)、5.73%(3.13%,11.20%)、0.00(0.00,0.00);以证据为基础的指南(EB-NPG)与以共识为基础的指南(CB-NPG)的6个领域得分间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);将本研究结果与1997年—2013年临床护理实践指南质量评价结果比较,除了编辑的独立性,两者其他5个领域得分差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。[结论]国内2014年—2016年临床护理实践指南质量较低,且与1977年—2013年临床护理实践指南相比,仅在制定的严谨性方面有所提高;指南制定者应关注临床护理实践指南制定的方法学研究,并规范其报告标准。
Objective:To evaluate the quality of Nursing Practice Guidelines in China from 2014 to 2016 and compare them with previous guidelines.Methods:Clinical nursing practice guidelines published in academic journals were screened and retrieved from four Chinese journal databases:CNKI,Wanfang,VIP,and CBM during the period of January 2014 to December 2016.The quality of guidelines included were evaluated by AGREE ⅡInstrument,created by AGREE Collaboration(Appraisal of Guidelines,Research and Evaluation).Results:A total of 50 guidelines were included.The scores of 6 domains of AGREE Ⅱ were:29.17%(23.61%,36.11%)on scope and purpose,0.00(0.00,0.00)on stakeholder involvement,5.73%(3.65%,7.29%)on rigour of development,50.00%(38.89%,55.56%)on clarity of presentation,5.73%(3.13%,11.20%)on applicability,and 0.00(0.00,0.00)on editorial independence.There was a statistically significant difference between the evidence-based guidelines(EB-NPG)and the consensus based guidelines(CB-NPG)in six domains(P<0.05).Compared the results of this study with that of 1997 to 2013,the scores of the other five domains had statistically significant difference(P<0.01)in despite of the domain of editorial independence.Conclusions:The quality of clinical nursing practice guidelines in China from 2014 to 2016 was relatively lower,and compared with the clinical nursing practice guideline from 1997 to2013,the only improved domain was the rigour of development.The guideline developers should focus on the study of methodology and standardize their reporting standards.
Objective:To evaluate the quality of Nursing Practice Guidelines in China from 2014 to 2016 and compare them with previous guidelines.Methods:Clinical nursing practice guidelines published in academic journals were screened and retrieved from four Chinese journal databases:CNKI,Wanfang,VIP,and CBM during the period of January 2014 to December 2016.The quality of guidelines included were evaluated by AGREE ⅡInstrument,created by AGREE Collaboration(Appraisal of Guidelines,Research and Evaluation).Results:A total of 50 guidelines were included.The scores of 6 domains of AGREE Ⅱ were:29.17%(23.61%,36.11%)on scope and purpose,0.00(0.00,0.00)on stakeholder involvement,5.73%(3.65%,7.29%)on rigour of development,50.00%(38.89%,55.56%)on clarity of presentation,5.73%(3.13%,11.20%)on applicability,and 0.00(0.00,0.00)on editorial independence.There was a statistically significant difference between the evidence-based guidelines(EB-NPG)and the consensus based guidelines(CB-NPG)in six domains(P<0.05).Compared the results of this study with that of 1997 to 2013,the scores of the other five domains had statistically significant difference(P<0.01)in despite of the domain of editorial independence.Conclusions:The quality of clinical nursing practice guidelines in China from 2014 to 2016 was relatively lower,and compared with the clinical nursing practice guideline from 1997 to2013,the only improved domain was the rigour of development.The guideline developers should focus on the study of methodology and standardize their reporting standards.
引文
[1]Institute of Medicine.Clinical practice guidelines:directions for a new program[J].Annals of Oncology,1990,60(9):343-348.
[2]IOM(Institute of Medicine).Clinical practice guidelines we can trust[M].Washington,DC:The National Academies Press,2011:15.
[3]Dans AL,Dans LF.Appraising a tool for guideline appraisal(the AGREE II instrument)[J].Journal of Clinical Epidemiology,2010,63(12),1281-1282.
[4]Brouwers M,Kho ME,Browman GP,et al.AGREE:advancing guideline development,reporting and evaluation in healthcare[J].Can Med Assoc J,2010,182(19):839-842.
[5]Jin Y,Wang Y,Zhang Y,et al.Nursing practice guidelines in China do need reform:a critical appraisal using the AGREEⅡinstrument[J].Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing,2016,13(2):124-138.
[6]王行环.循证临床实践指南的研发与评价[M].北京:中国协和医科大学出版社,2016:281-303.
[7]韦当,王聪尧,肖晓娟,等.指南研究与评价(AGREEⅡ)工具实例解读[J].中国循证儿科杂志,2013,8(4):316-319.
[8]Shrout PE,Fleiss JL.Intraclass correlations:uses in assessing rater reliability[J].Psychological Bulletin,1979,86(86):420-428.
[9]Ríos ESP,Sern P,Lanas F,et al.Evaluation of the quality of clinical practice guidelines for the management of esophageal or gastric variceal bleeding[J].European Journal of Gastroenterology&Hepatol,2014,26(4):422-431.
[10]徐桂杰,程新红,费艳霞.高血压常规护理[J].中国保健营养(旬刊),2014,24(2):940-941.
[11]于继玲.浅析外科患者的术后常规护理[J].世界最新医学信息文摘:连续型电子期刊,2014,14(31):430-431.
[12]于辉.简析血液透析的常规护理对策[J].世界最新医学信息文摘:电子版,2014,14(22):269-270.
[13]马霞,甘子龙,崔佳宾.骨髓移植患者的常规护理[J].甘肃科技纵横,2014,43(10):105-106.
[14]番学江.肠梗阻外科常规护理[J].中外健康文摘,2014(1):196.
[15]魏洁.血细胞分离机使用的护理常规[J].现代养生,2014(9):284.
[16]于萍萍,刘威,刘丽伟,等.乳腺囊性增生中围手术期的护理干预[J].世界最新医学信息文摘:连续型电子期刊,2014,14(26):381-382.
[17]刘丽.浅谈腹泻症状病人护理常规体会[J].医药前沿,2014(1):299.
[18]殷明莹,刘丁宏.浅谈脑外伤术后病人的护理[J].医学美学美容,2014(11):568.
[19]任瑞华.浅谈糖尿病的护理常规[C].郑州:河南省糖尿病教育暨规范化管理学术研讨,2014:2.
[20]张明翠.面部烧伤患者的护理[J].大家健康(学术版),2014,8(11):276.
[21]马小艳.急性酒精中毒患者的急救护理[J].世界最新医学信息文摘(连续型电子期刊),2014,14(31):496.
[22]孙青.会阴侧切术后的护理[J].大家健康:学术版,2014,8(1):264-265.
[23]常玉霞.急诊科病人安全转运的护理体会[C].北京:第三届世界灾害护理大会,2014:825.
[24]陈瑾.肝移植术后护理常规综述[J].医学美学美容,2014(11):793.
[25]朱玉秀,李蕾.妇科化疗病人的一般护理常规[J].世界最新医学信息文摘(连续型电子期刊),2015,15(89):181.
[26]孙惠军,高静儒,李娜.妇科腹腔镜的围手术期护理[J].当代护士,2015(12):7-9.
[27]张雪雁.腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)护理常规体会[J].中国伤残医学,2015,23(6):167-168.
[28]李红秋,薛金丽,陈晨,等.肝破裂的术后护理常规、注意事项[J].世界最新医学信息文摘(连续型电子期刊),2015,15(99):252-253.
[29]周丽娜.骨折病人的护理常规[J].今日健康,2015,14(6):365.
[30]薛金丽,李红秋,陈晨,等.急性阑尾炎的术后护理常规[J].世界最新医学信息文摘(电子版),2015,15(A0):261-262.
[31]姚兰.急性胰腺炎的护理常规[J].世界最新医学信息文摘(电子版),2016,16(20):273.
[32]杨雨菁.结、直肠癌护理常规[J].母婴世界,2015(17):117.
[33]邱胜云.临床输血护理[J].世界最新医学信息文摘(连续型电子期刊),2015,15(94):259-261.
[34]宋晓键,许东梅,王南.脑血管病患者的护理常规分析[J].世界最新医学信息文摘(连续型电子期刊),2015,15(84):215-216.
[35]杨闺香.浅谈中风患者的一般护理常规[J].世界最新医学信息文摘(连续型电子期刊),2015,15(77):93.
[36]刘亚丽,王东,肖玉花.上消化道出血护理常规[J].健康导报(医学版),2015,20(12):167-168.
[37]白雪.心脏介入手术护理常规[J].饮食保健,2015(7):84.
[38]王茹.休克病人的护理常规[J].世界最新医学信息文摘(连续型电子期刊),2015,15(39):239.
[39]刘红,郑建英,胥茜,等.亚低温治疗护理常规[J].医学美学美容,2015,24(6):458.
[40]蒋华,薛峰.原发性高血压护理常规[J].医药卫生(引文版),2015,1(8):83.
[41]李瑾,李彩萍,周丽琴.中心静脉导管临床护理常规[J].今日健康,2015,14(1):137.
[42]汪彩虹.高血压性心脏病的常规护理及体会[J].母婴世界,2015(18):65.
[43]李姝霖.浅论发热病人的常规护理[J].健康导报(医学版),2015,20(4):123.
[44]王静,宋妍,刘亚巍,等.浅谈妇产科的常规护理[J].饮食保健,2015,2(10):81-82.
[45]孔令红,徐丽莹.浅谈肿瘤化疗的常规护理[J].医药前沿,2015,5(33):261-262.
[46]靳永平.浅谈病毒性脑膜炎的常规护理[J].饮食保健,2016,3(7):139.
[47]刘琳.股骨颈骨折护理常规[J].世界最新医学信息文摘(电子版),2016,16(39):214-215.
[48]王芳.骨科疾病的一般护理常规[J].饮食保健,2016,3(3):145.
[49]乔秀芳.急性心肌梗死心理护理及护理常规[J].中国保健营养,2016,26(21):195-196.
[50]鲁芬.甲乳外科常规护理手段及措施[J].临床医学研究与实践,2016,1(6):128.
[51]杨玉娟.慢性胰腺炎的护理体会[J].甘肃科技纵横,2016,45(5):103-104.
[52]姜娟娟,韩玉娟.浅议消化系统疾病护理常规[J].母婴世界,2016(7):236.
[53]傅亮.艾滋病临床护理实践指南的构建研究[D].上海:复旦大学,2014.
[54]上海市公共卫生临床中心,复旦大学护理学院,复旦大学JBI循证护理中心,等.艾滋病临床护理实践指南证据汇总信息册[R/OL].2015:1-39.[2017-08-20].http://nursing.ebn.fudan.edu.cn/Search.asp?Keyword=%B1%C7%CE%B8%B9%DC.
[55]刘芳,高岚,霍春暖,等.神经重症疾病并发医院获得性肺炎的护理防控操作专家共识[C].北京:世界灾害护理大会,2014:1177-1179.
[56]鼻饲临床护理实践指南构建小组.成人患者经鼻胃管喂养临床实践指南[EB/OL].[2017-08-26].http://nursing.ebn.fudan.edu.cn/Search.asp?Keyword=%B1%C7%CE%B8%B9%DC.
[57]北京护理学会.成人急性心力衰竭护理实践指南[J].中国护理管理,2016,16(9):1189-1190.
[58]张方圆.急性心力衰竭护理实践指南的构建与研究[D].北京:北京协和医学院,中国医学科学院,2016.
[59]中国康复医学会康复护理专业委员会.颅脑创伤临床康复护理策略专家共识[J].护理学杂志,2016,31(18):1-6.
[60]风湿免疫疾病慢病管理全国护理协作组.英夫利西单抗输注护理专家共识[J].中华风湿病学杂志,2016,20(3):193-196.
[61]马丙祥,肖农,张丽华,等.中国脑性瘫痪康复指南(2015):第十一部分第六章脑瘫护理及管理[J].中国康复医学杂志,2016,31(5):602-610.
[62]唐久来,秦炯,邹丽萍,等.中国脑性瘫痪康复指南(2015):第一部分[J].中国康复医学杂志,2015,30(7):747-754.
[63]李荔,张彤,王薇.临床护士循证护理态度、实践和知识的认知状况及其影响因素的现况研究[J].护士进修杂志,2015,30(11):1050-1055.
[64]Rosenfeld RM,Shiffman RN,Robertson P.Clinical practice guideline development manual:aquality-driven approach for translating evidence into action[J].Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg,2013,148(1suppl):S1-S55.
[65]赵瑞,拜争刚,黄崇斐,等.质性研究系统评价在循证指南制定中的应用价值[J].中国循证医学杂志,2016,16(7):855-859.
[66]Alonso-Coello P,Schünemann HJ,Moberg J,et al.GRADE Evidence to Decision(EtD)frameworks:a systematic and transparent approach to making well informed healthcare choices.1:introduction[J].BMJ,2016,353:i2016.
[67]Alonso-Coello P,Oxman AD,Moberg J,et al.GRADE Evidence to Decision(EtD)frameworks:a systematic and transparent approach to making well informed healthcare choices.2:clinical practice guidelines[J].BMJ,2016,353:i2089.
[68]Richardson WS,Wilson MC,Nishikawa J,et al.The well-built clinical question:a key to evidence-based decisions[J].ACP J Club,1995,123:A12-A13.
[69]Andrews J,Guyatt G,Oxman AD,et al.GRADE guidelines:14.Going from evidence to recommendations:the significance and presentation of recommendations[J].J Clin Epidemiol,2013,66:719-725.
[70]王洋洋,陈耀龙,王小琴,等.中医(中西医结合)临床实践指南制修订方法——利益冲突声明与管理[J].中华中医药杂志,2016,31(9):3613-3616.
[71]陈耀龙,王小琴,吴琼芳,等.中国临床实践指南更新情况调查[J].中国循证医学杂志,2014,14(2):178-183.
[72]Chen Y,Yang K,Maru2ic A,et al.A reporting tool for practice guidelines in health care:the RIGHT statement[J].Annals of Internal Medicine,2017,166(2):1-5.
[73]Shiffman RN,Shekelle P,Overhage JM,et al.Standardized reporting of clinical practice guidelines:aproposal from the conference on guideline standardization[J].Annals of Internal Medicine,2003,139(6):493-498.
[74]高靖秋,陈可欣,许巧玲,等.结合实证临床护理指引与信息系统对照质量之成效评估[C].上海:第二届上海国际护理大会,2014:1.
[75]徐建宁,冯洁惠.ICU经口气管插管口腔护理实践指引的制订及临床应用[J].解放军护理杂志,2016,33(7):50-54.
[76]周英凤,秦薇,刘睿艳,等.成年住院患者用药差错预防及管理实践指南的构建[J].护理学杂志,2014,29(10):1-4.
[2]IOM(Institute of Medicine).Clinical practice guidelines we can trust[M].Washington,DC:The National Academies Press,2011:15.
[3]Dans AL,Dans LF.Appraising a tool for guideline appraisal(the AGREE II instrument)[J].Journal of Clinical Epidemiology,2010,63(12),1281-1282.
[4]Brouwers M,Kho ME,Browman GP,et al.AGREE:advancing guideline development,reporting and evaluation in healthcare[J].Can Med Assoc J,2010,182(19):839-842.
[5]Jin Y,Wang Y,Zhang Y,et al.Nursing practice guidelines in China do need reform:a critical appraisal using the AGREEⅡinstrument[J].Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing,2016,13(2):124-138.
[6]王行环.循证临床实践指南的研发与评价[M].北京:中国协和医科大学出版社,2016:281-303.
[7]韦当,王聪尧,肖晓娟,等.指南研究与评价(AGREEⅡ)工具实例解读[J].中国循证儿科杂志,2013,8(4):316-319.
[8]Shrout PE,Fleiss JL.Intraclass correlations:uses in assessing rater reliability[J].Psychological Bulletin,1979,86(86):420-428.
[9]Ríos ESP,Sern P,Lanas F,et al.Evaluation of the quality of clinical practice guidelines for the management of esophageal or gastric variceal bleeding[J].European Journal of Gastroenterology&Hepatol,2014,26(4):422-431.
[10]徐桂杰,程新红,费艳霞.高血压常规护理[J].中国保健营养(旬刊),2014,24(2):940-941.
[11]于继玲.浅析外科患者的术后常规护理[J].世界最新医学信息文摘:连续型电子期刊,2014,14(31):430-431.
[12]于辉.简析血液透析的常规护理对策[J].世界最新医学信息文摘:电子版,2014,14(22):269-270.
[13]马霞,甘子龙,崔佳宾.骨髓移植患者的常规护理[J].甘肃科技纵横,2014,43(10):105-106.
[14]番学江.肠梗阻外科常规护理[J].中外健康文摘,2014(1):196.
[15]魏洁.血细胞分离机使用的护理常规[J].现代养生,2014(9):284.
[16]于萍萍,刘威,刘丽伟,等.乳腺囊性增生中围手术期的护理干预[J].世界最新医学信息文摘:连续型电子期刊,2014,14(26):381-382.
[17]刘丽.浅谈腹泻症状病人护理常规体会[J].医药前沿,2014(1):299.
[18]殷明莹,刘丁宏.浅谈脑外伤术后病人的护理[J].医学美学美容,2014(11):568.
[19]任瑞华.浅谈糖尿病的护理常规[C].郑州:河南省糖尿病教育暨规范化管理学术研讨,2014:2.
[20]张明翠.面部烧伤患者的护理[J].大家健康(学术版),2014,8(11):276.
[21]马小艳.急性酒精中毒患者的急救护理[J].世界最新医学信息文摘(连续型电子期刊),2014,14(31):496.
[22]孙青.会阴侧切术后的护理[J].大家健康:学术版,2014,8(1):264-265.
[23]常玉霞.急诊科病人安全转运的护理体会[C].北京:第三届世界灾害护理大会,2014:825.
[24]陈瑾.肝移植术后护理常规综述[J].医学美学美容,2014(11):793.
[25]朱玉秀,李蕾.妇科化疗病人的一般护理常规[J].世界最新医学信息文摘(连续型电子期刊),2015,15(89):181.
[26]孙惠军,高静儒,李娜.妇科腹腔镜的围手术期护理[J].当代护士,2015(12):7-9.
[27]张雪雁.腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)护理常规体会[J].中国伤残医学,2015,23(6):167-168.
[28]李红秋,薛金丽,陈晨,等.肝破裂的术后护理常规、注意事项[J].世界最新医学信息文摘(连续型电子期刊),2015,15(99):252-253.
[29]周丽娜.骨折病人的护理常规[J].今日健康,2015,14(6):365.
[30]薛金丽,李红秋,陈晨,等.急性阑尾炎的术后护理常规[J].世界最新医学信息文摘(电子版),2015,15(A0):261-262.
[31]姚兰.急性胰腺炎的护理常规[J].世界最新医学信息文摘(电子版),2016,16(20):273.
[32]杨雨菁.结、直肠癌护理常规[J].母婴世界,2015(17):117.
[33]邱胜云.临床输血护理[J].世界最新医学信息文摘(连续型电子期刊),2015,15(94):259-261.
[34]宋晓键,许东梅,王南.脑血管病患者的护理常规分析[J].世界最新医学信息文摘(连续型电子期刊),2015,15(84):215-216.
[35]杨闺香.浅谈中风患者的一般护理常规[J].世界最新医学信息文摘(连续型电子期刊),2015,15(77):93.
[36]刘亚丽,王东,肖玉花.上消化道出血护理常规[J].健康导报(医学版),2015,20(12):167-168.
[37]白雪.心脏介入手术护理常规[J].饮食保健,2015(7):84.
[38]王茹.休克病人的护理常规[J].世界最新医学信息文摘(连续型电子期刊),2015,15(39):239.
[39]刘红,郑建英,胥茜,等.亚低温治疗护理常规[J].医学美学美容,2015,24(6):458.
[40]蒋华,薛峰.原发性高血压护理常规[J].医药卫生(引文版),2015,1(8):83.
[41]李瑾,李彩萍,周丽琴.中心静脉导管临床护理常规[J].今日健康,2015,14(1):137.
[42]汪彩虹.高血压性心脏病的常规护理及体会[J].母婴世界,2015(18):65.
[43]李姝霖.浅论发热病人的常规护理[J].健康导报(医学版),2015,20(4):123.
[44]王静,宋妍,刘亚巍,等.浅谈妇产科的常规护理[J].饮食保健,2015,2(10):81-82.
[45]孔令红,徐丽莹.浅谈肿瘤化疗的常规护理[J].医药前沿,2015,5(33):261-262.
[46]靳永平.浅谈病毒性脑膜炎的常规护理[J].饮食保健,2016,3(7):139.
[47]刘琳.股骨颈骨折护理常规[J].世界最新医学信息文摘(电子版),2016,16(39):214-215.
[48]王芳.骨科疾病的一般护理常规[J].饮食保健,2016,3(3):145.
[49]乔秀芳.急性心肌梗死心理护理及护理常规[J].中国保健营养,2016,26(21):195-196.
[50]鲁芬.甲乳外科常规护理手段及措施[J].临床医学研究与实践,2016,1(6):128.
[51]杨玉娟.慢性胰腺炎的护理体会[J].甘肃科技纵横,2016,45(5):103-104.
[52]姜娟娟,韩玉娟.浅议消化系统疾病护理常规[J].母婴世界,2016(7):236.
[53]傅亮.艾滋病临床护理实践指南的构建研究[D].上海:复旦大学,2014.
[54]上海市公共卫生临床中心,复旦大学护理学院,复旦大学JBI循证护理中心,等.艾滋病临床护理实践指南证据汇总信息册[R/OL].2015:1-39.[2017-08-20].http://nursing.ebn.fudan.edu.cn/Search.asp?Keyword=%B1%C7%CE%B8%B9%DC.
[55]刘芳,高岚,霍春暖,等.神经重症疾病并发医院获得性肺炎的护理防控操作专家共识[C].北京:世界灾害护理大会,2014:1177-1179.
[56]鼻饲临床护理实践指南构建小组.成人患者经鼻胃管喂养临床实践指南[EB/OL].[2017-08-26].http://nursing.ebn.fudan.edu.cn/Search.asp?Keyword=%B1%C7%CE%B8%B9%DC.
[57]北京护理学会.成人急性心力衰竭护理实践指南[J].中国护理管理,2016,16(9):1189-1190.
[58]张方圆.急性心力衰竭护理实践指南的构建与研究[D].北京:北京协和医学院,中国医学科学院,2016.
[59]中国康复医学会康复护理专业委员会.颅脑创伤临床康复护理策略专家共识[J].护理学杂志,2016,31(18):1-6.
[60]风湿免疫疾病慢病管理全国护理协作组.英夫利西单抗输注护理专家共识[J].中华风湿病学杂志,2016,20(3):193-196.
[61]马丙祥,肖农,张丽华,等.中国脑性瘫痪康复指南(2015):第十一部分第六章脑瘫护理及管理[J].中国康复医学杂志,2016,31(5):602-610.
[62]唐久来,秦炯,邹丽萍,等.中国脑性瘫痪康复指南(2015):第一部分[J].中国康复医学杂志,2015,30(7):747-754.
[63]李荔,张彤,王薇.临床护士循证护理态度、实践和知识的认知状况及其影响因素的现况研究[J].护士进修杂志,2015,30(11):1050-1055.
[64]Rosenfeld RM,Shiffman RN,Robertson P.Clinical practice guideline development manual:aquality-driven approach for translating evidence into action[J].Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg,2013,148(1suppl):S1-S55.
[65]赵瑞,拜争刚,黄崇斐,等.质性研究系统评价在循证指南制定中的应用价值[J].中国循证医学杂志,2016,16(7):855-859.
[66]Alonso-Coello P,Schünemann HJ,Moberg J,et al.GRADE Evidence to Decision(EtD)frameworks:a systematic and transparent approach to making well informed healthcare choices.1:introduction[J].BMJ,2016,353:i2016.
[67]Alonso-Coello P,Oxman AD,Moberg J,et al.GRADE Evidence to Decision(EtD)frameworks:a systematic and transparent approach to making well informed healthcare choices.2:clinical practice guidelines[J].BMJ,2016,353:i2089.
[68]Richardson WS,Wilson MC,Nishikawa J,et al.The well-built clinical question:a key to evidence-based decisions[J].ACP J Club,1995,123:A12-A13.
[69]Andrews J,Guyatt G,Oxman AD,et al.GRADE guidelines:14.Going from evidence to recommendations:the significance and presentation of recommendations[J].J Clin Epidemiol,2013,66:719-725.
[70]王洋洋,陈耀龙,王小琴,等.中医(中西医结合)临床实践指南制修订方法——利益冲突声明与管理[J].中华中医药杂志,2016,31(9):3613-3616.
[71]陈耀龙,王小琴,吴琼芳,等.中国临床实践指南更新情况调查[J].中国循证医学杂志,2014,14(2):178-183.
[72]Chen Y,Yang K,Maru2ic A,et al.A reporting tool for practice guidelines in health care:the RIGHT statement[J].Annals of Internal Medicine,2017,166(2):1-5.
[73]Shiffman RN,Shekelle P,Overhage JM,et al.Standardized reporting of clinical practice guidelines:aproposal from the conference on guideline standardization[J].Annals of Internal Medicine,2003,139(6):493-498.
[74]高靖秋,陈可欣,许巧玲,等.结合实证临床护理指引与信息系统对照质量之成效评估[C].上海:第二届上海国际护理大会,2014:1.
[75]徐建宁,冯洁惠.ICU经口气管插管口腔护理实践指引的制订及临床应用[J].解放军护理杂志,2016,33(7):50-54.
[76]周英凤,秦薇,刘睿艳,等.成年住院患者用药差错预防及管理实践指南的构建[J].护理学杂志,2014,29(10):1-4.