中国合作社社员资格制度界定与完善——基于博弈论和对新合作社法的思考
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摘要
在合作社法新修订背景下,定义社员资格制度,通过比较选择开放社员制与封闭社员制,对中国合作社社员资格制度进行界定,并对新老社员博弈进行分析。研究表明:中国的合作社实行较为开放的社员资格制度,合作社可设置入社"一级门槛"增加社员的归属感和参与感,设置入社"二级门槛"可解决产权稀释问题。对于较发达地区或合作社发展相对成熟的区域,可加设"二级门槛";对于欠发达地区或合作社发展处于不成熟阶段的区域,可降低"一级门槛",不设"二级门槛"。因地制宜、与时俱进的社员资格制度有助于合作社的规范发展和可持续发展,带动小农户共享现代农业发展成果。
Under the background of the new revision of the cooperative law,the paper defined the membership system,and also defined the membership system of Chinese cooperatives by comparing the open membership system with the closed membership system.At last,the paper analyzed the interest relationship between old members and new members by using game theory.The research shows that the cooperatives in China implement a relatively open membership system.Cooperatives can set up"primary threshold"to increase the sense of belonging and participation of members.Setting "secondary threshold"can solve the dilution of property rights.For more developed areas or regions with relatively mature cooperative development,"secondary threshold"can be added; for less developed areas or regions with immature cooperative development,the "primary threshold"can be lowered without"secondary threshold".Membership qualification system adapted to local conditions and keeping pace with the times is conducive to the standardized development and sustainable development of cooperatives,and can promote small farmers to share the fruits of modern agricultural development.
Under the background of the new revision of the cooperative law,the paper defined the membership system,and also defined the membership system of Chinese cooperatives by comparing the open membership system with the closed membership system.At last,the paper analyzed the interest relationship between old members and new members by using game theory.The research shows that the cooperatives in China implement a relatively open membership system.Cooperatives can set up"primary threshold"to increase the sense of belonging and participation of members.Setting "secondary threshold"can solve the dilution of property rights.For more developed areas or regions with relatively mature cooperative development,"secondary threshold"can be added; for less developed areas or regions with immature cooperative development,the "primary threshold"can be lowered without"secondary threshold".Membership qualification system adapted to local conditions and keeping pace with the times is conducive to the standardized development and sustainable development of cooperatives,and can promote small farmers to share the fruits of modern agricultural development.
引文
[1]徐旭初.合作社是小农户和现代农业发展有机衔接的理想载体吗?[J].中国合作经济,2018(8):19-20.
[2]吕丝.农民专业合作社社员资格问题研究[J].太原理工大学学报(社会科学版),2013,31(1):9-13.
[3]徐旭初.合作社成员资格谁能说得清?[J].中国农民合作社,2016(4):31.
[4]马彦丽.中国农民专业合作社的制度解析[D].杭州:浙江大学,2006.
[5]戎承法,李舜.美国、西班牙农业合作社融资的经验对中国农民专业合作社融资的启示[J].世界农业,2011(4):62-66.
[6]苟兴朝.农民专业合作社融资困境及路径选择---基于产权分析框架[J].农村金融研究,2017(11):57-61.
[7]国鲁来.合作社制度及专业协会实践的制度经济学分析[J].中国农村观察,2001(4):36-48.
[8]吴彬.美国新一代合作社发展辨析[J].农民科技培训,2017(9):42-44.
[9]刘滨,康小兰,池泽新.影响农民专业合作社社员资格开放度因素的实证研究[J].江西农业大学学报(社会科学版),2010,9(1):33-37.
[10]熊健珩.学习《农民专业合作社法》体会之六---合作社的“两自”原则及成员资格辨析[J].工商行政管理,2007(6):59-62.
[11]张晓山.促进以农产品生产专业户为主体的合作社的发展---以浙江省农民专业合作社的发展为例[J].中国农村经济,2004(11):4-10.
[12]任大鹏.合作社法修订的几个问题[J].农村经营管理,2014(4):28-30.
[13]邵科.问题一:农户等加入合作社一定要出资吗?[J].中国农民合作社,2018(7):71.
[14]梁剑峰,李静.“精英俘获”:农民专业合作社成长之困[J].宏观经济研究,2015(3):58-62.
[15]徐旭初.谈谈合作社成员的加入问题[J].中国农民合作社,2017(5):33.
[16]刘勇.农民专业合作社法律属性的经济学分析[J].华南农业大学学报(社会科学版),2011,10(1):25-35.
[17]潘劲.中国农民专业合作社:数据背后的解读[J].中国农村观察,2011(6):2-11.
[18]黄胜忠,林坚,徐旭初.农民专业合作社治理机制及其绩效实证分析[J].中国农村经济,2008(3):65-73.
(1)此处的“一级门槛”“二级门槛”是指资金意义上的门槛,不包括对农户身份等的要求。
[2]吕丝.农民专业合作社社员资格问题研究[J].太原理工大学学报(社会科学版),2013,31(1):9-13.
[3]徐旭初.合作社成员资格谁能说得清?[J].中国农民合作社,2016(4):31.
[4]马彦丽.中国农民专业合作社的制度解析[D].杭州:浙江大学,2006.
[5]戎承法,李舜.美国、西班牙农业合作社融资的经验对中国农民专业合作社融资的启示[J].世界农业,2011(4):62-66.
[6]苟兴朝.农民专业合作社融资困境及路径选择---基于产权分析框架[J].农村金融研究,2017(11):57-61.
[7]国鲁来.合作社制度及专业协会实践的制度经济学分析[J].中国农村观察,2001(4):36-48.
[8]吴彬.美国新一代合作社发展辨析[J].农民科技培训,2017(9):42-44.
[9]刘滨,康小兰,池泽新.影响农民专业合作社社员资格开放度因素的实证研究[J].江西农业大学学报(社会科学版),2010,9(1):33-37.
[10]熊健珩.学习《农民专业合作社法》体会之六---合作社的“两自”原则及成员资格辨析[J].工商行政管理,2007(6):59-62.
[11]张晓山.促进以农产品生产专业户为主体的合作社的发展---以浙江省农民专业合作社的发展为例[J].中国农村经济,2004(11):4-10.
[12]任大鹏.合作社法修订的几个问题[J].农村经营管理,2014(4):28-30.
[13]邵科.问题一:农户等加入合作社一定要出资吗?[J].中国农民合作社,2018(7):71.
[14]梁剑峰,李静.“精英俘获”:农民专业合作社成长之困[J].宏观经济研究,2015(3):58-62.
[15]徐旭初.谈谈合作社成员的加入问题[J].中国农民合作社,2017(5):33.
[16]刘勇.农民专业合作社法律属性的经济学分析[J].华南农业大学学报(社会科学版),2011,10(1):25-35.
[17]潘劲.中国农民专业合作社:数据背后的解读[J].中国农村观察,2011(6):2-11.
[18]黄胜忠,林坚,徐旭初.农民专业合作社治理机制及其绩效实证分析[J].中国农村经济,2008(3):65-73.
(1)此处的“一级门槛”“二级门槛”是指资金意义上的门槛,不包括对农户身份等的要求。