体育文化促进城市转型发展研究——以美国印第安纳波利斯为例
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摘要
当前中国众多城市纷纷转型,力图打造成体育城市,以体育促进经济增长、促进城市发展、改变城市形象。美国的印第安纳波利斯利用体育实现了城市全方位的提升,是发展体育城市的成功案例。以印第安纳波利斯的体育城市发展为主要研究对象,利用文献资料法、比较分析法进行了细致的研究。研究发现:印第安纳波利斯打造体育城市时虽然面临内部与外部2个不利环境,但通过20余年的努力获得国际公认的成功。其建设体育城市的载体主要包含体育赛事文化、球队文化和体育健康文化;印第安纳波利斯体育城市文化具有创新性、全面性、针对性和辐射性的特征。据此提出:我国城市在借鉴印第安纳波利斯体育文化建设的经验时要明确发展目标、准确定位;注重体育文化发展的稳定性;构建全面的体育文化;注重体育文化多样性与区域特色相结合等4点建议。
Nowadays,many cities in China are transforming into sports cities in an attempt to increase economy,promote city development and change city image. Indianapolis in the United States has achieved an all-round improvement of the city through sports,which is a successful case of the development of sports cities. This study analyzed the sports city development of Indianapolis by using the method of literature review and comparative analysis.The research found that Indianapolis has achieved internationally recognized success through more than 20 years of efforts,despite facing both internal and external adverse environments when building a sports city. The carrier of Indianapolis to build a sports city mainly includes sports event culture,team culture and sports health culture. As a sports city,Indianapolis has the characteristics of innovation,comprehensiveness,pertinence and radiation. Accordingly,this study put forward four suggestions: when drawing lessons from the experience of Indianapolis sports culture construction,Chinese cities should make clear the development goals and accurate positioning; pay attention to the stability of sports culture development; build a comprehensive sports culture; and pay attention to the combination of sports culture diversity and regional characteristics.
Nowadays,many cities in China are transforming into sports cities in an attempt to increase economy,promote city development and change city image. Indianapolis in the United States has achieved an all-round improvement of the city through sports,which is a successful case of the development of sports cities. This study analyzed the sports city development of Indianapolis by using the method of literature review and comparative analysis.The research found that Indianapolis has achieved internationally recognized success through more than 20 years of efforts,despite facing both internal and external adverse environments when building a sports city. The carrier of Indianapolis to build a sports city mainly includes sports event culture,team culture and sports health culture. As a sports city,Indianapolis has the characteristics of innovation,comprehensiveness,pertinence and radiation. Accordingly,this study put forward four suggestions: when drawing lessons from the experience of Indianapolis sports culture construction,Chinese cities should make clear the development goals and accurate positioning; pay attention to the stability of sports culture development; build a comprehensive sports culture; and pay attention to the combination of sports culture diversity and regional characteristics.
引文
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[15]潘晓.引人注目的美国印第安纳波利斯“国家体能及运动学院”[J].体育与科学,1991(6):50.
[16]王成.从城市文化看城市体育文化的发展[J].体育科学研究,2008,12(4):47-49.
[17]MARK Rosentraub.Sports Facilities Redevelopment,and the centrality of Downtown Area[J].Marquette Sports Law Review,2000,10(2):219-235.
[18]单霁翔.关于“城市”、“文化”与“城市文化”的思考[J].文艺研究,2007(5):37.
[19]王宏江.多元世界与世纪中国:百年中国体育文化传播审视[J].成都体育学院学报,2014,40(1):15-19,27.
[2]SANTO C.Beyond the Economic Catalyst Debate:can Public Consumption Benefits Justify AMunicipal Stadium Investment?[J].Journal Of Urban Affairs,2007,29(5):455-479.
[3]DAVID M.Sports Teams Really Can Save a City[EB/OL].(2013-08-02)[2018-10-13].shttp://www.citylab.com/work/2013/08/sportsteams-really-can-save-city/6479/.
[4]印第安纳波利斯[EB/OL].[2018-10-13].http://baike.so.com/doc/6599936-6813720.html.
[5]DANIEL W.Where is the Best Sports City in the World?[EB/OL].(2009-05-22)[2018-10-13].http://foreignpolicy.com/2009/05/22/whereis-the-best-sports-city-in-the-world/.
[6]HOWE D.Indianapolis NO MORE NAPTOWN[J].American Fitness,2009,27(3):42-44.
[7]王旭.有关美国经济重心西南移的几点认识[J].兰州学刊,1990(4):40-46.
[8]王旭.美国“阳光带”城市的崛起述评[J].世界经济,1990(12):29-34.
[9]HOWARD P.Chudacoffed.Major Problem in American Urban History[C].Lexington D.C.Heath,1993.
[10]RICHARD M.Bernard.Snowbelt Cities:Metropolitan Politics in the Northeast and Midwest since World War II[M].Indianapolis:Indiana University Press,1990:9.
[11]Ross A.Indianapolis:a sports city in high gear beyond the 500[EB/OL].(1983-06-06)[2018-10-13].http://www.csmonitor.com/1983/0606/060630.html.
[12]谢洪伟.大型体育赛事与城市发展耦合研究[D].北京:北京体育大学,2013:1.
[13]王震明.“红砖”赛道大战:Moto GP2008赛季第14站印第安纳波利斯赛道[J].摩托车,2008(11):52-53.
[14]王永顺,易剑东.美国全国赛车联合会公共关系的历史审视[J].体育学刊,2016,23(6):47-52.
[15]潘晓.引人注目的美国印第安纳波利斯“国家体能及运动学院”[J].体育与科学,1991(6):50.
[16]王成.从城市文化看城市体育文化的发展[J].体育科学研究,2008,12(4):47-49.
[17]MARK Rosentraub.Sports Facilities Redevelopment,and the centrality of Downtown Area[J].Marquette Sports Law Review,2000,10(2):219-235.
[18]单霁翔.关于“城市”、“文化”与“城市文化”的思考[J].文艺研究,2007(5):37.
[19]王宏江.多元世界与世纪中国:百年中国体育文化传播审视[J].成都体育学院学报,2014,40(1):15-19,27.