缓控释肥一次性基施对小麦产量及其形成的影响
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摘要
针对江苏苏中小麦主产区对简化施肥的需求,本研究以扬麦20为试材,以传统高产施肥(共4次施肥,即:基肥+苗肥+拔节肥+剑叶肥)为对照,比较研究了树脂包衣尿素(SZ1)和含腐植酸的控释掺混肥(LM1)一次性基施对小麦产量及其形成的影响。结果表明:在相同施氮量条件下,一次性基施树脂包衣尿素的产量为6 733.3 kg/hm~2,与传统高产施肥(U)获得相似的产量;一次性基施含腐植酸的控释掺混肥的产量为6 933.3 kg/hm~2,相比U处理提高了2.21%,差异不显著。两种缓控释肥中,在产量、叶面积指数、干物质积累、氮素积累、氮素利用率方面均呈含腐植酸的控释掺混肥>树脂包衣尿素的趋势;茎蘖成穗率之间差异不显著。相比树脂包衣尿素,含腐植酸的控释掺混肥在小麦产量、氮素利用率方面效果更好,其释放特点更易满足小麦生长对养分的需求,利于获得高产、稳产。
In view of the demand for simplified fertilization in the main wheat producing areas of Suzhong,Jiangsu,a comparative study was conducted to clarify how the complete basal application of resin coated urea(named as SZ1)and controlled release fertilizer containing humic acid(named as LM1)affect wheat yield and yield formation.Wheat cultivar Yangmai 20 was used as the test material,and the traditional high-yield fertilization(i.e.splitting as base fertilizer,seedling fertilizer,jointing fertilizer and flag leaf fertilizer,named as U)was set as control.The results showed that under the same nitrogen application rate,the yield of SZ1 treatment was 6 733.3 kg/hm~2,which was similar to that of U treatment. The yield of LM1 treatment was 6 933.3 kg/hm~2,which was 2.21% higher than that of U treatment,while the difference was not significant.Between the two slow and controlled release fertilizers,the trend of yield,leaf area index,dry matter accumulation,nitrogen accumulation,and nitrogen utilization rate of controlled release fertilizer containing humic acid were all much higher than those of resin coated urea treatment,while stem stalk formation showed no significant difference between the two treatments.Compared with resin-coated urea,controlled-release blended fertilizer containing humic acid displayed better on wheat yield and nitrogen utilization rate,and its release characteristics are easier to meet the nutrient requirement of wheat growth,which is conducive to high and stable yield.
In view of the demand for simplified fertilization in the main wheat producing areas of Suzhong,Jiangsu,a comparative study was conducted to clarify how the complete basal application of resin coated urea(named as SZ1)and controlled release fertilizer containing humic acid(named as LM1)affect wheat yield and yield formation.Wheat cultivar Yangmai 20 was used as the test material,and the traditional high-yield fertilization(i.e.splitting as base fertilizer,seedling fertilizer,jointing fertilizer and flag leaf fertilizer,named as U)was set as control.The results showed that under the same nitrogen application rate,the yield of SZ1 treatment was 6 733.3 kg/hm~2,which was similar to that of U treatment. The yield of LM1 treatment was 6 933.3 kg/hm~2,which was 2.21% higher than that of U treatment,while the difference was not significant.Between the two slow and controlled release fertilizers,the trend of yield,leaf area index,dry matter accumulation,nitrogen accumulation,and nitrogen utilization rate of controlled release fertilizer containing humic acid were all much higher than those of resin coated urea treatment,while stem stalk formation showed no significant difference between the two treatments.Compared with resin-coated urea,controlled-release blended fertilizer containing humic acid displayed better on wheat yield and nitrogen utilization rate,and its release characteristics are easier to meet the nutrient requirement of wheat growth,which is conducive to high and stable yield.
引文
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[14]谭德水,江丽华,房灵涛,等.控释氮肥一次施用对小麦群体调控及养分利用的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2016,36(11):1523-1531.
[15]王玉红,王长松,陈莉萍,等.树脂包膜尿素在水稻上的应用效果[J].江苏农业科学,2016,44(9):126-128.
[16]刘红恩,张胜男,刘世亮,等.腐植酸尿素对冬小麦产量、养分吸收利用和土壤养分的影响[J].西北农业学报,2018,27(7):944-952.
[17]郝青,梁亚勤,刘二保.腐植酸复混肥对玉米产量及土壤肥力的影响[J].山西农业科学,2012,40(8):853-856.
[18]刘秀梅,张夫道,冯兆滨,等.风化煤腐殖酸对氮、磷、钾的吸附和解吸特性[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2005,(5):641-646.
[19]袁天佑,冀建华,王俊忠,等.腐植酸与氮肥配施对冬小麦氮素吸收利用及产量的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2017,25(3):365-372.
[20]牛永生,明大增,李志祥,等.缓/控释肥料的研究进展[J].化学工业与工程技术,2012,33(6):36-39.
[21]马富亮,宋付朋,高杨,等.硫膜和树脂膜控释尿素对小麦产量、品质及氮素利用率的影响[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(1):67-72.
[22]郑沛,宋付朋,马富亮.硫膜与树脂膜控释尿素对小麦不同生育时期土壤氮素的调控及其产量效应[J].水土保持学报,2014,28(4):122-127.
[23]薛世川,刘秀芬,邓景华.施用腐植酸复合肥对小麦抗旱防衰能力的影响及其机理[J].中国生态农业学报,2006,14(1):139-141.
[24]郝水源,李林虎,闫素珍,等.不同施肥方式对河套灌区春小麦光合特性及产量的影响[J].内蒙古农业大学学报(自然科学版),2018,39(1):10-16.
[25]孙志梅,刘欢,苗泽兰,等.腐植酸肥料对玉米和小麦生长发育的影响[J].腐植酸,2015,(2):20-24.
[26]刘永哲,陈长青,尚健,等.沙壤土包膜尿素释放期与小麦适宜施肥方式研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2016,22(4):905-912.
[27]Azeem B,Kushaari K,Man Z B,et al.Review on materials&methods to produce controlled release coated urea fertilizer[J].Journal of Controlled Release,2014,181:11-21.
[28]吴小宾,谭德水,林海涛,等.冬小麦一次性施肥氮肥产品筛选与产量效应[J].中国农业科学,2018,51(20):3863-3875.
[29]徐凤娇,田奇卓,裴艳婷,等.土壤肥力和施氮方式对冬小麦不同生育期两类氮源吸收利用的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2011,31(2):257-264.
[30]裴瑞杰,袁天佑,王俊忠,等.施用腐殖酸对夏玉米产量和氮效率的影响[J].中国农业科学,2017,50(11):2189-2198.
[31]陈振德,何金明,李祥云,等.施用腐殖酸对提高玉米氮肥利用率的研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2007,15(1):52-54.
[2]于淑芳,杨力,张民,等.控释肥对小麦玉米生物学性状和土壤硝酸盐积累的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2010,29(1):128-133.
[3]杨帆,孟远夺,姜义,等.2013年我国种植业化肥施用状况分析[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(1):217-225.
[4]卫丽,马超,王同朝,等.控释肥对土壤全氮含量及夏玉米产量品质的影响[J].水土保持学报,2009,23(4):176-179.
[5]汪强,李双凌,韩燕来,等.缓/控释肥对小麦增产与提高氮肥利用率的效果研究[J].土壤通报,2007,38(1):47-50.
[6]杜建军,廖宗文,王新爱,等.高吸水性树脂包膜尿素的结构特征及养分控/缓释性能[J].中国农业科学,2007,(7):1447-1455.
[7]王晓巍,蒯佳林,刘晓静,等.4种缓控释氮肥在不同环境条件下的养分释放特性的研究[J].草地学报,2013,21(2):332-337.
[8]Hu H Y,Ning T Y,Li Z J,et al.Coupling effects of urea types and sub soiling on nitrogen-water use and yield of different varieties of maize in northern China[J].Field Crop Research,2013,142:85-94.
[9]Zhang D M,Li W J,Xin C S,et al.Lint yield and nitrogen use efficiency of field-grown cotton vary with soil salinity and nitrogen application rate[J].Field Crop Research,2012,138:63-70.
[10]Ji Y,Liu G,Ma J,et al.Effect of controlled-release fertilizer on mitigation of N2O emission from paddy field in South China:a multi-year field observation[J].Plant Soil,2013,371:473-486.
[11]Wang B,Li Y E,Wan Y F,et al.Modifying nitrogen fertilizer practices can reduce greenhouse gas emissions from a Chinese double rice cropping system[J].Agric Ecosyst Environ,2016,215:100-109.
[12]Yang J,Gang L,Jing M,et al.Effects of urea and controlled release urea fertilizers on methane emission from paddy fields:a multi-year field study[J].Pedosphere,2014,24:662-673.
[13]魏海燕,李宏亮,程金秋,等.缓释肥类型与运筹对不同穗型水稻产量的影响[J].作物学报,2017,43(5):730-740.
[14]谭德水,江丽华,房灵涛,等.控释氮肥一次施用对小麦群体调控及养分利用的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2016,36(11):1523-1531.
[15]王玉红,王长松,陈莉萍,等.树脂包膜尿素在水稻上的应用效果[J].江苏农业科学,2016,44(9):126-128.
[16]刘红恩,张胜男,刘世亮,等.腐植酸尿素对冬小麦产量、养分吸收利用和土壤养分的影响[J].西北农业学报,2018,27(7):944-952.
[17]郝青,梁亚勤,刘二保.腐植酸复混肥对玉米产量及土壤肥力的影响[J].山西农业科学,2012,40(8):853-856.
[18]刘秀梅,张夫道,冯兆滨,等.风化煤腐殖酸对氮、磷、钾的吸附和解吸特性[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2005,(5):641-646.
[19]袁天佑,冀建华,王俊忠,等.腐植酸与氮肥配施对冬小麦氮素吸收利用及产量的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2017,25(3):365-372.
[20]牛永生,明大增,李志祥,等.缓/控释肥料的研究进展[J].化学工业与工程技术,2012,33(6):36-39.
[21]马富亮,宋付朋,高杨,等.硫膜和树脂膜控释尿素对小麦产量、品质及氮素利用率的影响[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(1):67-72.
[22]郑沛,宋付朋,马富亮.硫膜与树脂膜控释尿素对小麦不同生育时期土壤氮素的调控及其产量效应[J].水土保持学报,2014,28(4):122-127.
[23]薛世川,刘秀芬,邓景华.施用腐植酸复合肥对小麦抗旱防衰能力的影响及其机理[J].中国生态农业学报,2006,14(1):139-141.
[24]郝水源,李林虎,闫素珍,等.不同施肥方式对河套灌区春小麦光合特性及产量的影响[J].内蒙古农业大学学报(自然科学版),2018,39(1):10-16.
[25]孙志梅,刘欢,苗泽兰,等.腐植酸肥料对玉米和小麦生长发育的影响[J].腐植酸,2015,(2):20-24.
[26]刘永哲,陈长青,尚健,等.沙壤土包膜尿素释放期与小麦适宜施肥方式研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2016,22(4):905-912.
[27]Azeem B,Kushaari K,Man Z B,et al.Review on materials&methods to produce controlled release coated urea fertilizer[J].Journal of Controlled Release,2014,181:11-21.
[28]吴小宾,谭德水,林海涛,等.冬小麦一次性施肥氮肥产品筛选与产量效应[J].中国农业科学,2018,51(20):3863-3875.
[29]徐凤娇,田奇卓,裴艳婷,等.土壤肥力和施氮方式对冬小麦不同生育期两类氮源吸收利用的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2011,31(2):257-264.
[30]裴瑞杰,袁天佑,王俊忠,等.施用腐殖酸对夏玉米产量和氮效率的影响[J].中国农业科学,2017,50(11):2189-2198.
[31]陈振德,何金明,李祥云,等.施用腐殖酸对提高玉米氮肥利用率的研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2007,15(1):52-54.