剑麻麻茎腐解特征及氮素回收利用率研究
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摘要
为合理利用剑麻麻茎作有机肥还田,采用网袋法和盆栽试验研究了麻茎腐解特性及氮素回收利用率。结果表明,麻茎粉碎还田后240 d,茎部和叶基腐解率均较大,分别高达72.4%、78.9%;茎部氮、磷、钾释放率分别为88.4%、72.7%、94.9%;叶基氮、磷、钾的释放率分别达88.0%、74.4%、95.5%。茎部和叶基快速腐解期均在30 d内,而氮、磷、钾的快速释放期也在30 d内。茎部和叶基不同养分释放速率大小均表现为钾>氮>磷。剑麻吸收的土壤氮比例远高于尿素氮和麻茎氮,而吸收的麻茎氮高于尿素氮。麻茎单施和配施尿素处理的氮素利用率分别为5.1%、4.3%。可见,麻茎还田情况下,可适当降低后茬尿素的用量。
In order to return the sisal stalks into soil properly as the organic fertilizer,the net bag method and pot experiment was carried out to study the decomposition characteristics and nitrogen utilization efficiency of sisal stalks.The results showed that there was a high decomposition rate on the sisal stalks and leaves base,at 240 days after the crushed stalks returning field,which were respectively up to 72.4% and 78.9%.The release rates of N,P and K in the sisal stalks was88.4%,72.7% and 94.9%,respectively.And the release rates of N,P and K in the sisal leaves base was 88.0%,74.4%and 95.5%,respectively.The period of rapid decomposition of the sisal stalks and leaves base were all among 30 days,and the period of quick releasing of N,P and K were also among 30 days.The order of decomposition rates of different nutrients in the sisal stalks and leaves base were K>N>P.The rate of N absorbed from soil was well above the rates from the urea and crushed sisal stalks,and the rate from sisal stalks was higher than the urea.The nitrogen utilization rates of sisal stalks under single and combined application were 5.1% and 4.3%,respectively.In conclusion,the rate of N absorbed from sisal stalks and urea all reduced when the sisal stalks applied combining with urea.
In order to return the sisal stalks into soil properly as the organic fertilizer,the net bag method and pot experiment was carried out to study the decomposition characteristics and nitrogen utilization efficiency of sisal stalks.The results showed that there was a high decomposition rate on the sisal stalks and leaves base,at 240 days after the crushed stalks returning field,which were respectively up to 72.4% and 78.9%.The release rates of N,P and K in the sisal stalks was88.4%,72.7% and 94.9%,respectively.And the release rates of N,P and K in the sisal leaves base was 88.0%,74.4%and 95.5%,respectively.The period of rapid decomposition of the sisal stalks and leaves base were all among 30 days,and the period of quick releasing of N,P and K were also among 30 days.The order of decomposition rates of different nutrients in the sisal stalks and leaves base were K>N>P.The rate of N absorbed from soil was well above the rates from the urea and crushed sisal stalks,and the rate from sisal stalks was higher than the urea.The nitrogen utilization rates of sisal stalks under single and combined application were 5.1% and 4.3%,respectively.In conclusion,the rate of N absorbed from sisal stalks and urea all reduced when the sisal stalks applied combining with urea.
引文
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[18]邹雨坤,李光义,李勤奋,等.不同还田方式下香蕉茎秆的腐解及养分释放特征[J].天津农业科学,2014,20(10):60-64.
[19]李逢雨,孙锡发,冯文强,等.麦秆、油菜秆还田腐解速率及养分释放规律研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2009,15(2):374-380.
[20]潘福霞,鲁剑巍,刘威,等.三种不同绿肥的腐解和养分释放特征研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2011,17(1):216-223.
[21]武际,郭熙盛,王允青,等.不同水稻栽培模式和秸秆还田方式下的油菜、小麦秸秆腐解特征[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(16):3351-3360.
[22]黄晶,高菊生,张杨珠,等.紫云英还田后不同施肥下的腐解及土壤供钾特征[J].中国土壤与肥料,2016,(1):83-88.
[23]匡恩俊.不同还田方式下大豆秸秆腐解特征研究[J].大豆科学,2010,29(3):479-482.
[24]晏娟,沈其荣,尹斌,等.应用15N示踪技术研究水稻对氮肥的吸收和分配[J].核农学报,2009,23(3):487-491.
[25]张袁.氮肥与秸秆配施在协调小麦氮素供应方面的效应[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2013.
[26]Malhi S S,Nyborg M,Solberg E D.Recovery of 15N-labelled urea as influenced by straw addition and method of placement[J].Canadian Journal of Soil Science,1989,69(3):543-550.
[27]Blankenau K,Olfs H W,Kuhlmann H.Effect of microbial nitrogen immobilization during the growth period on the availability of nitrogen fertilizer for winter cereals[J].Biology&Fertility of Soils,2000,32(2):157-165.
[28]Sugihara S,Funakawa S,Kilasara M,et al.Dynamics of microbial biomass nitrogen in relation to plant nitrogen uptake during the crop growth period in a dry tropical cropland in Tanzania[J].Soil Science&Plant Nutrition,2010,56(1):105-114.
[2]黄富宇,张小玲,钟思强,等.剑麻丰产高效生产技术集成与示范[J].中国热带农业,2013,(4):28-35.
[3]习金根,郑金龙,贺春萍,等.不同麻龄剑麻大中量营养元素分配及地上部养分累积特性的研究[J].热带作物学报,2013,34(4):596-601.
[4]李聪,赵伟男,杨用钊,等.洪泽湖南岸近30年来土壤酸化趋势分析[J].江苏农业科学,2015,43(4):1955-1958.
[5]宋永林,姚造华,袁锋明.不同肥料配施对土壤主要养分含量及作物氮、磷、钾表观利用率的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2002,(3):23-25.
[6]王蒙.黄土高原沟壑区果园土壤养分状况与苹果品质的关系[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2014.
[7]路怡青,朱安宁,张佳宝,等.免耕和秸秆还田对潮土酶活性及微生物量碳氮的影响[J].土壤,2013,45(5):894-898.
[8]安丰华,王志春,杨帆,等.秸秆还田研究进展[J].土壤与作物,2015,(2):57-63.
[9]钱海燕,杨滨娟,黄国勤,等.秸秆还田配施化肥及微生物菌剂对水田土壤酶活性和微生物数量的影响[J].生态环境学报,2012,21(3):440-445.
[10]李文革,李倩,贺小香.秸秆还田研究进展[J].湖南农业科学,2006,(1):46-48.
[11]徐新宇,张玉梅,胡济生.应用15N示踪研究麦秸还田中氮的去向[J].土壤学报,1989,26(1):64-71.
[12]王西娜.西北旱地残留氮的作物利用及覆盖土壤有机氮研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2008.
[13]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,1999.302-315.
[14]王福钧.农学中同位素示踪技术[M].北京:农业出版社,1989.118-120,243-245,249-258.
[15]邹雨坤,李光义,侯宪文,等.不同还田方式下木薯茎秆腐解及养分释放特征研究[J].中国土壤与肥料,2014,(6):86-91.
[16]丁文成,李书田,黄绍敏.氮肥管理和秸秆腐熟剂对15N标记玉米秸秆氮有效性与去向的影响[J].中国农业科学,2016,49(14):2725-2736.
[17]戴志刚,鲁剑巍,李小坤,等.不同作物还田秸秆的养分释放特征试验[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(6):272-276.
[18]邹雨坤,李光义,李勤奋,等.不同还田方式下香蕉茎秆的腐解及养分释放特征[J].天津农业科学,2014,20(10):60-64.
[19]李逢雨,孙锡发,冯文强,等.麦秆、油菜秆还田腐解速率及养分释放规律研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2009,15(2):374-380.
[20]潘福霞,鲁剑巍,刘威,等.三种不同绿肥的腐解和养分释放特征研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2011,17(1):216-223.
[21]武际,郭熙盛,王允青,等.不同水稻栽培模式和秸秆还田方式下的油菜、小麦秸秆腐解特征[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(16):3351-3360.
[22]黄晶,高菊生,张杨珠,等.紫云英还田后不同施肥下的腐解及土壤供钾特征[J].中国土壤与肥料,2016,(1):83-88.
[23]匡恩俊.不同还田方式下大豆秸秆腐解特征研究[J].大豆科学,2010,29(3):479-482.
[24]晏娟,沈其荣,尹斌,等.应用15N示踪技术研究水稻对氮肥的吸收和分配[J].核农学报,2009,23(3):487-491.
[25]张袁.氮肥与秸秆配施在协调小麦氮素供应方面的效应[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2013.
[26]Malhi S S,Nyborg M,Solberg E D.Recovery of 15N-labelled urea as influenced by straw addition and method of placement[J].Canadian Journal of Soil Science,1989,69(3):543-550.
[27]Blankenau K,Olfs H W,Kuhlmann H.Effect of microbial nitrogen immobilization during the growth period on the availability of nitrogen fertilizer for winter cereals[J].Biology&Fertility of Soils,2000,32(2):157-165.
[28]Sugihara S,Funakawa S,Kilasara M,et al.Dynamics of microbial biomass nitrogen in relation to plant nitrogen uptake during the crop growth period in a dry tropical cropland in Tanzania[J].Soil Science&Plant Nutrition,2010,56(1):105-114.