“东桑西移”背景下中国桑蚕茧生产效率时空分异与动态演进
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摘要
选取15个桑蚕茧生产省份作为决策单元,利用相关省份2009～2016年面板数据,构建超效率DEA模型测算桑蚕茧静态生产效率,利用Malmqusit指数方法分解生产效率,考查"东桑西移"背景下我国桑蚕茧生产效率时空差异与动态演进,以SFA超越对数函数分析我国桑蚕茧生产效率影响因素。研究发现,我国桑蚕茧生产技术效率与有效生产前沿面存在3.11%的差距;主要蚕区实际平均产出仅为理想产出的77.6%,仅少数蚕区效率达DEA有效状态,中西部蚕区实际投入-产出转换能力显著强于东部蚕区,但各蚕区均未达生产前沿面,效率水平下降;全要素生产率降低主要原因为桑蚕茧技术退步或技术创新能力弱化,技术效率改善得益于规模效率提升。桑蚕茧生产省份经济发展水平、农业发展水平及政府投入强度显著正向影响桑蚕茧生产效率;劳动力专业化水平、桑蚕茧生产省份农业机械化水平和农田水利化程度显著促进生产效率提升。
To investigate the spatial and temporal differences and dynamic evolution of production efficiency of Chinese Mulberry Cocoon in background of Moving Mulberry Base from East to West, based on the panel data of 15 Chinese provinces producing mulberry cocoon from 2009 to 2016, the super-efficiency DEA Model was used to evaluate the production efficiency of mulberry cocoon, and the Malmqusit Index Method was used to measure the growth and decomposition of total factor productivity(TFP). Moreover, by employing the Stochastic Frontier Analysis Method with Translog Production Function, we analyzed the main influence factors of production efficiency. The results showed that there were 3.11% improvement in space between the overall level of production efficiency of mulberry cocoon and effective production frontier in China; the actual average output of the main areas producing mulberry cocoon was only 77.6% of the ideal output, and only the production efficiency of the sporadic area reached the effective state. The capacity of transforming actual input into output in the central and western areas was significantly stronger than that of in the eastern area, however, all the areas did not reach the production frontier, and the production efficiency decreased during the observation period. Degeneration of the mulberry cocoon technology and weakening of the technological innovation ability in China were the main reasons for the decrease of total factor productivity, and the improvement of technical efficiency was benefited from the increase of scale efficiency. The economic development level, agricultural development level and the input intensity of government of the mulberry cocoon production province had a significant positive effect on the production efficiency of mulberry cocoon production; the specialized level of labor force, agricultural mechanization level and farmland water conservancy level significantly promoted the improvement of production efficiency.
To investigate the spatial and temporal differences and dynamic evolution of production efficiency of Chinese Mulberry Cocoon in background of Moving Mulberry Base from East to West, based on the panel data of 15 Chinese provinces producing mulberry cocoon from 2009 to 2016, the super-efficiency DEA Model was used to evaluate the production efficiency of mulberry cocoon, and the Malmqusit Index Method was used to measure the growth and decomposition of total factor productivity(TFP). Moreover, by employing the Stochastic Frontier Analysis Method with Translog Production Function, we analyzed the main influence factors of production efficiency. The results showed that there were 3.11% improvement in space between the overall level of production efficiency of mulberry cocoon and effective production frontier in China; the actual average output of the main areas producing mulberry cocoon was only 77.6% of the ideal output, and only the production efficiency of the sporadic area reached the effective state. The capacity of transforming actual input into output in the central and western areas was significantly stronger than that of in the eastern area, however, all the areas did not reach the production frontier, and the production efficiency decreased during the observation period. Degeneration of the mulberry cocoon technology and weakening of the technological innovation ability in China were the main reasons for the decrease of total factor productivity, and the improvement of technical efficiency was benefited from the increase of scale efficiency. The economic development level, agricultural development level and the input intensity of government of the mulberry cocoon production province had a significant positive effect on the production efficiency of mulberry cocoon production; the specialized level of labor force, agricultural mechanization level and farmland water conservancy level significantly promoted the improvement of production efficiency.
引文
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[16]张晴,刘洋,周振亚.中国桑蚕产业主产区比较优势分析[J].中国农业资源与区划,2018,39(11):113-120.
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[20]Caves D W,Christensen L R,Diewert W E.The economic theory of index numbers and the measurement of input,output,and productivity[J].Econometrica,1982,50(6):1393-1414.
[21]Charnes A C,Cooper W W,Rhodes E L.Measuring the efficiency of decision making units[J].Journal of Operational Research,1978,2(6):429-444.
[22]F?re R,Grosskopf S,Norris M.Productivity growth,technical progress,and efficiency change in industrialized countries[J].American Economic Review,1997,87(5):1040-1044.
[23]Meeusen W,Broeck J V D.Efficiency estimation from cobb-douglas production functions with composed Error[J].International Economic Review,1977,18(2):435-444.
[24]Kumbhakar S C,Denny M,Fuss M.Estimation and decomposition of productivity change when production is not efficient:A panel data approach[J].Econometric Reviews,2000,19(4):312-320.
[2]胡小平,何官燕,贾晋.“东桑西移”工程实施中西部农户桑蚕业成本收益分析[J].中国农村经济,2007(7):30-36.
[3]胡兴明,熊超.“东桑西移”与中西部蚕桑产业发展--基于全要素生产率增长的比较分析[J].农业技术经济,2011(11):108-114.
[4]中华人民共和国商务部市场运行和消费促进司(国家茧丝绸协调办公室).2017年茧丝绸行业运行简况[EB/OL][2018-03-28].http://scyxs.mofcom.gov.cn/article/c/201803/20180302724737.shtml.
[5]中华人民共和国商务部市场运行和消费促进司(国家茧丝绸协调办公室).茧丝绸行业“十三五”发展纲要[EB/OL][2016-12-09].http://www.mofcom.gov.cn/article/zt_swb135/lanmuone/201702/20170202522647.shtml.
[6]宋长鸣,胡兴明.退耕还林背景下桑蚕茧技术效率及生产弹性分析[J].林业经济,2011(6):41-50.
[7]赵明,陈清.中国桑蚕茧生产效率评价及影响因素分析--基于超效率DEA和Tobit模型[J].江苏农业科学,2018,46(4):293-297.
[8]李双杰,范超.随机前沿分析与数据包络分析方法的评析与比较[J].统计与决策,2009(7):25-28.
[9]谢杰,金钊,李鹏.中国生猪养殖生产效率的时空特征差异研究[J].农业经济问题,2018(6):49-57.
[10]亢霞,刘秀梅.我国粮食生产的技术效率分析--基于随机前沿分析方法[J].中国农村观察,2005(4):25-32.
[11]崔静,王秀清,辛贤,等.生长期气候变化对中国主要粮食作物单产的影响[J].中国农村经济,2011(9):13-22.
[12]田伟,李明贤.基于SFA的中国农业生产技术效率分析--以油菜生产为例[J].生产力研究,2009(21):55-56,73.
[13]鲁强.中国大中城市蔬菜生产技术效率提高了吗?--基于超越对数随机前沿模型的分析[J].宏观质量研究,2017,5(1):74-90.
[14]胡逸文,霍学喜.农户禀赋对粮食生产技术效率的影响分析--基于河南农户粮食生产数据的实证[J].经济经纬,2016(2):42-47.
[15]李谷成,冯中朝.中国农业全要素生产率增长:技术推进抑或效率驱动--一项基于随机前沿生产函数的行业比较研究[J].农业技术经济,2010(5):4-14.
[16]张晴,刘洋,周振亚.中国桑蚕产业主产区比较优势分析[J].中国农业资源与区划,2018,39(11):113-120.
[17]Andersen P,Petersen N C.A procedure for ranking efficient units in data envelopment analysis[J].Management Science,1993,39(10):1261-1264.
[18]Aigner D,Lovell C A K,Schmidt P.Formulation and estimation of stochastic frontier production function models[J].Journal of Econometrics,1977,6(1):21-37.
[19]Battese G E,Coelli T J.A model for technical inefficiency effects in a stochastic frontier production function for panel data[J].Empirical Economics,1995,20(2):325-332.
[20]Caves D W,Christensen L R,Diewert W E.The economic theory of index numbers and the measurement of input,output,and productivity[J].Econometrica,1982,50(6):1393-1414.
[21]Charnes A C,Cooper W W,Rhodes E L.Measuring the efficiency of decision making units[J].Journal of Operational Research,1978,2(6):429-444.
[22]F?re R,Grosskopf S,Norris M.Productivity growth,technical progress,and efficiency change in industrialized countries[J].American Economic Review,1997,87(5):1040-1044.
[23]Meeusen W,Broeck J V D.Efficiency estimation from cobb-douglas production functions with composed Error[J].International Economic Review,1977,18(2):435-444.
[24]Kumbhakar S C,Denny M,Fuss M.Estimation and decomposition of productivity change when production is not efficient:A panel data approach[J].Econometric Reviews,2000,19(4):312-320.