饲粮中添加沙棘果渣对体外瘤胃发酵参数和营养物质有效降解率的影响
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摘要
本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加沙棘果渣(SBP)对体外瘤胃发酵参数和营养物质有效降解率的影响。试验选用6只健康、1.5岁左右、体重30～45 kg、安装瘤胃瘘管的杜×寒杂交F1肉羊羯羊。试验采用体外产气法和尼龙袋法对添加不同水平SBP[0(对照组)、8%(8SBP组)、16%(16SBP组)、24%(24SBP组)]的全混合日粮72 h产气量、瘤胃液pH、氨态氮(NH3-N)、挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)、微生物蛋白(MCP)浓度以及营养物质有效降解率进行测定。结果表明:1)16SBP和24SBP组的72 h产气量和潜在产气量均显著高于对照组(P <0.05),SBP的添加对产气速率没有产生显著的影响(P>0.05)。2)发酵液pH随着SBP添加水平的提高而降低,24SBP组pH最低,显著低于其他各组(P<0.05);与对照组相比,各试验组发酵液NH3-N和M CP浓度都有上升的趋势,但差异不显著(P>0.05);甲烷(CH4)和二氧化碳(CO2)产量也有所变化,但没有产生显著差异(P>0.05);试验组乙酸和总VFA浓度均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。3)与对照组相比,16SBP和24SBP组干物质(DM)、酸性洗涤纤维(NDF)有效降解率显著提高(P <0.05),8SBP和16SBP组粗蛋白质(CP)有效降解率显著提高(P<0.05)。综上,饲粮中添加SBP改善了体外发酵并且提高了营养物质的降解率,但饲粮中最适SBP添加水平还需要进一步通过试验确定。
The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the effects of dietary sea buckthorn pomace( SBP) on rumen fermentation parameters and effective degradability of nutrients in vitro. Six healthy,1. 5-year-old,weight of 30 to 45 kg Dorper×thin-tailed Han crossbred Capricorn meat sheep F1 with installed rumen fistulas were selected. In vitro gas production method and nylon bag method were used to determine the 72 h gas production,rumen fluid pH,ammoniacal nitrogen( NH3-N),volatile fatty acids( VFA),microbe protein( MCP) concentrations and the effective degradability of nutrients of total mixed ration with SBP at different supplemental levels of 0( control group),8%( 8 SBP group),16%( 16 SBP group) and 24%( 24 SBP group),respectively. The results showed as follows: 1) 72 h gas production and potential gas production in16 SBP and 24 SBP groups were significantly higher than those in the control group( P<0.05),but adding SBP had no significant effect on the gas production rate( P>0.05). 2) The pH decreased with the increase of SBP supplement level,and the 24 SBP group was the lowest( P < 0. 05). Compared with the control group,the NH3-N and MCP concentrations in experimental groups had an increased trend,but the difference was not significant( P>0.05); methane( CH4) and CO2 production were affected,but there were no significant differences among groups( P>0.05). The concentrations of acetic acid and total VFA in experimental groups were significanlty higher than those in the control group( P<0.05). 3) Compared with the control group,the effective degradability of dry matter and acid detergent fiber in 16 SBP and 24 SBP groups significantly increased( P<0.05),and the effective degradability of crude protein in 8 SBP and 16 SBP groups significantly increased( P<0.05). It is concluded that the addition of SBP to the diet can improve in vitro fermentation and the degradation rate of nutrients,but the optimal supplemental level of SBP in the diet needs to be further determined by feeding experiments.[Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2019,31( 5) : 2423-2430]
The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the effects of dietary sea buckthorn pomace( SBP) on rumen fermentation parameters and effective degradability of nutrients in vitro. Six healthy,1. 5-year-old,weight of 30 to 45 kg Dorper×thin-tailed Han crossbred Capricorn meat sheep F1 with installed rumen fistulas were selected. In vitro gas production method and nylon bag method were used to determine the 72 h gas production,rumen fluid pH,ammoniacal nitrogen( NH3-N),volatile fatty acids( VFA),microbe protein( MCP) concentrations and the effective degradability of nutrients of total mixed ration with SBP at different supplemental levels of 0( control group),8%( 8 SBP group),16%( 16 SBP group) and 24%( 24 SBP group),respectively. The results showed as follows: 1) 72 h gas production and potential gas production in16 SBP and 24 SBP groups were significantly higher than those in the control group( P<0.05),but adding SBP had no significant effect on the gas production rate( P>0.05). 2) The pH decreased with the increase of SBP supplement level,and the 24 SBP group was the lowest( P < 0. 05). Compared with the control group,the NH3-N and MCP concentrations in experimental groups had an increased trend,but the difference was not significant( P>0.05); methane( CH4) and CO2 production were affected,but there were no significant differences among groups( P>0.05). The concentrations of acetic acid and total VFA in experimental groups were significanlty higher than those in the control group( P<0.05). 3) Compared with the control group,the effective degradability of dry matter and acid detergent fiber in 16 SBP and 24 SBP groups significantly increased( P<0.05),and the effective degradability of crude protein in 8 SBP and 16 SBP groups significantly increased( P<0.05). It is concluded that the addition of SBP to the diet can improve in vitro fermentation and the degradation rate of nutrients,but the optimal supplemental level of SBP in the diet needs to be further determined by feeding experiments.[Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2019,31( 5) : 2423-2430]
引文
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[19]乔良,闫素梅,索媛,等.维生素A对奶牛瘤胃发酵参数及瘤胃维生素A降解率的影响[C]//中国畜牧兽医学会动物营养学分会第十次学术研讨会论文集.杭州:中国畜牧兽医学会动物营养学分会,2008.
[20]刘艳丰,王晶,王文奇,等.沙棘叶黄酮对绵羊瘤胃代谢和血清指标的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2016,52(7):66-70.
[21]GAO W,CHEN A D,ZHANG B W,et al.Rumen and post-ruminal digestion of dry matter,nitrogen and amino acids of three protein supplements[J].Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences,2015,28(4):485-493.
[22]NUERNBERG K,NUERNBERG G,PRIEPKE A,et al.Sea buckthorn pomace supplementation in the finishing diets of pigs-are there effects on meat quality and muscle fatty acids?[J].Archives Animal Breeding,2015,58(1):107-113.
[2]WANI T A,WANI S M,AHMAD M,et al.Bioactive profile,health benefits and safety evaluation of sea buckthorn(Hippophae rhamnoides L.):a review[J].Cogent Food&Agriculture,2016,2(1):1128519.
[3]刘绪川,何国耀,张礼华,等.沙棘叶及沙棘制品残渣毒理学试验和对畜禽生产性能的影响[J].甘肃畜牧兽医,1993,23(1):1-3.
[4]MA J S,CHANG W H,LIU G H,et al.Effects of flavones of sea buckthorn fruits on growth performance,carcass quality,fat deposition and lipometabolism for broilers[J].Poultry Science,2015,94(11):2641-2649.
[5]辛晓斌,赵俊星,金亚倩,等.沙棘果渣对育肥羔羊生长性能、器官指数、血清生化指标和肌内脂肪酸组分的影响[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(10):3676-3686.
[6]MENKE K H,RAAB L,SALEWSKI A,et al.The estimation of the digestibility and metabolizable energy content of ruminant feedingstuffs from the gas production when they are incubated with rumen liquor in vitro[J].The Journal of Agricultural Science,1979,93(1):217-222.
[7]WANG C,LIU Q,GUO G,et al.Effects of rumenprotected folic acid on ruminal fermentation,microbial enzyme activity,cellulolytic bacteria and urinary excretion of purine derivatives in growing beef steers[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2016,221:185-194.
[8]金亚倩,赵俊星,刘文忠,等.酿酒葡萄皮渣对绵羊瘤胃代谢及发育的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,2017,48(9):1683-1693.
[9]王金洛,韩正康,陈杰.山羊瘤胃微生物蛋白(MCP)与十二指肠食糜MCP浓度的比较研究[J].动物营养学报,1991,3(2):61.
[10]颜品勋,冯仰廉,杨雅芳,等.青粗饲料蛋白质及有机物瘤胃降解规律的研究[J].中国畜牧杂志,1996,32(4):42-43.
[11]孙国强,吕永艳,张杰杰.利用体外瘤胃发酵法研究全株玉米青贮与花生蔓和羊草间的组合效应[J].草业学报,2014,23(3):224-231.
[12]CHALUPA W.Manipulating rumen fermentation[J].Journal of Animal Science,1977,45(3):585-599.
[13]HOOVER W H.Chemical factors involved in ruminal fiber digestion[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1986,69(10):2755-66.
[14]刘艳丰,唐淑珍,张文举,等.沙棘嫩枝叶对绵羊瘤胃发酵特性和血清免疫指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2014,26(9):2599-2606.
[15]刘明杰.姜粉对肉牛营养物质消化吸收和机体抗氧化能力影响的研究[D].硕士学位论文.泰安:山东农业大学,2011.
[16]王艳红.日粮淀粉水平对山羊α-淀粉酶活性及消化道形态的影响[D].硕士学位论文.杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2007.
[17]丁健,张建刚,王雅倩,等.苜蓿皂苷对瘤胃原虫体外发酵特性的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2013,49(19):59-64.
[18]包玲玲.沙葱黄酮类化合物对绵羊瘤胃发酵、内环境参数及纤维素降解的影响[D].硕士学位论文.呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2015.
[19]乔良,闫素梅,索媛,等.维生素A对奶牛瘤胃发酵参数及瘤胃维生素A降解率的影响[C]//中国畜牧兽医学会动物营养学分会第十次学术研讨会论文集.杭州:中国畜牧兽医学会动物营养学分会,2008.
[20]刘艳丰,王晶,王文奇,等.沙棘叶黄酮对绵羊瘤胃代谢和血清指标的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2016,52(7):66-70.
[21]GAO W,CHEN A D,ZHANG B W,et al.Rumen and post-ruminal digestion of dry matter,nitrogen and amino acids of three protein supplements[J].Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences,2015,28(4):485-493.
[22]NUERNBERG K,NUERNBERG G,PRIEPKE A,et al.Sea buckthorn pomace supplementation in the finishing diets of pigs-are there effects on meat quality and muscle fatty acids?[J].Archives Animal Breeding,2015,58(1):107-113.