果园多功能动力底盘设计与试验
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摘要
为解决果园作业机械适应性差、配套动力小、地隙高、转弯半径大、通过性差等问题,结合果园栽培模式和农艺等要求,设计了一种果园多功能动力底盘。对果园多功能动力底盘的整机结构和工作原理进行了阐述,设计了行走动力系统和后动力输出系统以及3路双作用液压快速挂接系统;对整机的转向性能、稳定性能、越埂性能进行了理论分析。对机架进行了有限元仿真分析,结果表明,在满载四轮着地状态下,车架最大变形发生在中间横梁部位,总变形量为5. 08 mm,最大等效弹性应变为0. 003 5,最大等效应力发生在前桥和车架铰接处,为390. 52 MPa;在满载三轮着地状态下,车架最大变形发生在侧梁部位,总变形量为20. 74 mm,最大等效弹性应变为0. 005 8,最大等效应力发生在前桥和车架铰接处,为805. 46 MPa。整机果园田间试验结果表明,果园多功能动力底盘行驶速度为0～35 km/h,田间作业速度为1～6 km/h,最小转弯半径为2 m,最大爬坡角为24°,最大越埂高度为235 mm,可挂接多种农具,能够满足果园的田间生产管理作业要求。
In order to solve the problems such as poor adaptability,small supporting power,high ground clearance,large turning radius,poor pass-ability,etc. of the orchard operating machinery,combined with the orchard cultivation mode and agronomic requirements,a multifunctional dynamic chassis for orchard was designed. The structure and working principle of the multifunctional dynamic chassis for orchard were expounded,and the traveling power system and rear power output system and the three double-acting hydraulic quick-connecting output ports were designed. The theoretical of the steering performance,stability performance and crossing performance of the whole machine were analyzed theoretically. The finite element analysis of the frame was carried out to show that the maximum total deformation of the frame was 5. 08 mm in the middle beam part,the maximum equivalent elastic strain of the frame was 0. 003 5 and the maximum equivalent stress of the frame was 390. 52 MPa at the hinge joint between the axle and the frame under the condition of full load four-wheel landing. The maximum total deformation was 20. 74 mm at the side beam of the frame,the maximum equivalent elastic strain of the frame was 0. 005 8 and the maximum equivalent stress of the frame was 805. 46 MPa at the hinge joint between the axle and the frame under the condition of full load three-wheel landing. Field experiments were carried out in the orchard. The experiment results showed that the speed of multifunctional chassis for orchard was 0 ～ 35 km/h,field working speed was 1 ～ 6 km/h,minimum turning radius was 2 m,maximum climbing angle was 24°and maximum crossing height was 235 mm. Multifunctional chassis was able to connect a variety of agricultural tools as a multi-purpose machine, which can meet therequirements of field production management operations in the orchard and improve the mechanized production management level of the orchard. The research result provided theoretical and experimental basis for the research of general-purpose dynamic chassis for orchard,and provided a basis for the improvement and lightweight design of the subsequent chassis.
In order to solve the problems such as poor adaptability,small supporting power,high ground clearance,large turning radius,poor pass-ability,etc. of the orchard operating machinery,combined with the orchard cultivation mode and agronomic requirements,a multifunctional dynamic chassis for orchard was designed. The structure and working principle of the multifunctional dynamic chassis for orchard were expounded,and the traveling power system and rear power output system and the three double-acting hydraulic quick-connecting output ports were designed. The theoretical of the steering performance,stability performance and crossing performance of the whole machine were analyzed theoretically. The finite element analysis of the frame was carried out to show that the maximum total deformation of the frame was 5. 08 mm in the middle beam part,the maximum equivalent elastic strain of the frame was 0. 003 5 and the maximum equivalent stress of the frame was 390. 52 MPa at the hinge joint between the axle and the frame under the condition of full load four-wheel landing. The maximum total deformation was 20. 74 mm at the side beam of the frame,the maximum equivalent elastic strain of the frame was 0. 005 8 and the maximum equivalent stress of the frame was 805. 46 MPa at the hinge joint between the axle and the frame under the condition of full load three-wheel landing. Field experiments were carried out in the orchard. The experiment results showed that the speed of multifunctional chassis for orchard was 0 ～ 35 km/h,field working speed was 1 ～ 6 km/h,minimum turning radius was 2 m,maximum climbing angle was 24°and maximum crossing height was 235 mm. Multifunctional chassis was able to connect a variety of agricultural tools as a multi-purpose machine, which can meet therequirements of field production management operations in the orchard and improve the mechanized production management level of the orchard. The research result provided theoretical and experimental basis for the research of general-purpose dynamic chassis for orchard,and provided a basis for the improvement and lightweight design of the subsequent chassis.
引文
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6王金武,唐汉,沈红光,等.高地隙折腰式水田多功能动力底盘设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(16):32-40.WANG Jinwu,TANG Han,SHEN Hongguang,et al.Design and experiment of high clearance roll-waist multifunctional power chassis for paddy field[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2017,33(16):32-40.(in Chinese)
7刘大为,谢方平,李旭,等.小型果园升降作业平台的设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(3):113-121.LIU Dawei,XIE Fangping,LI Xu,et al.Design and experiment of small lifting platform in orchard[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2015,31(3):113-121.(in Chinese)
8吴伟斌,廖劲威,洪添胜.山地果园运输机车架结构分析与优化[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(11):39-47.WU Weibin,LIAO Jinwei,HONG Tiansheng.Analysis and optimization of frame structure for wheeled transporter in hill orchard[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2016,32(11):39-47.(in Chinese)
9张娜娜,赵匀,刘宏新.高速水稻插秧机车架的轻量化设计[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(3):55-59.ZHANG Nana,ZHAO Yun,LIU Hongxin.Light design of frame for self-propelled chassis rice trans planter[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2012,28(3):55-59.(in Chinese)
10中国农业机械化科学研究院.农业机械设计手册(上下册)[M].北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2007.
11邱威,丁为民,申宝营.3WZ-700型果园喷雾机通过性能分析[J/OL].农业机械学报,2012,43(6):63-67.http:∥www.jcsam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20120612&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2012.06.012.QIU Wei,DING Weimin,SHEN Baoying.Analysis on traffic ability of 3WZ-700 orchard sprayer[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2012,43(6):63-67.(in Chinese)
12邱白晶,何耀杰,盛云辉.喷雾机喷杆有限元模态分析与结构优化[J/OL].农业机械学报,2014,45(8):112-116,105.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20140818&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2014.08.018.QIU Baijing,HE Yaojie,SHENG Yunhui.Finite element model analysis and structure optimization of spray boom[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2014,45(8):112-116,105.(in Chinese)
13 SEUNG H,DAE-GYUN A,SEONG-JONG K,et al.Vibration fatigue analysis for multi-point spot-welded joints based on frequency response changes due to fatigue damage accumulation[J].International Journal of Fatigue,2013,48(2):170-177.
14 HELMUT D,CHRISTIAN G,KLAUS H.Fatigue analysis of welding seams and spot joints in automotive structures[C].SAEPaper 2005011323,2005.
15 AO K,NIIYAMA J,MATSUUI T,et al.Analysis of torsional stiffness share rate of truck frame[C].SAE Paper 912627,1991.
16陈志,周林,赵博,等.玉米收获机底盘车架疲劳寿命研究[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(10):19-25.CHEN Zhi,ZHOU Lin,ZHAO Bo,et al.Study on fatigue life of frame for corn combine chassis machine[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2015,31(10):19-25.(in Chinese)
17闻德生,商旭东,潘为圆,等.齿轮型多泵多马达传动系统设计与试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2017,48(6):399-406.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20170653&journ al_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2017.06.053.WEN Desheng,SHANG Xudong,PAN Weiyuan,et al.Design and experiment on gear multi-pump and multi-motor driving system[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(6):399-406.(in Chinese)
18王金峰,王金武,闫东伟,等.3SCJ-2型水田行间除草机设计与试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2017,48(6):71-78,202.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20170609&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2017.06.009.WANG Jinfeng,WANG Jinwu,YAN Dongwei,et al.Design and experiment of 3SCJ-2 type row weeding machine for paddy field[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(6):71-78,202.(in Chinese)
19樊桂菊,王永振,张晓辉,等.果园升降平台自动调平控制系统设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(11):38-46.FAN Guiju,WANG Yongzhen,ZHANG Xiaohui,et al.Design and experiment of automatic leveling control system for orchards lifting platform[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2017,33(11):38-46.(in Chinese)
20刘平义,王春燕,李海涛,等.丘陵山区农用仿形行走动态调平底盘设计与试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2018,49(2):74-81.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20180210&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2018.02.010.LIU Pingyi,WANG Chunyan,LI Haitao,et al.Terrain adaptive and dynamic leveling agricultural chassis for hilly area[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(2):74-81.(in Chinese)
2罗锡文,廖娟,胡炼,等.提高农业机械化水平促进农业可持续发展[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(1):1-11.LUO Xiwen,LIAO Juan,HU Lian,et al.Improving agricultural mechanization level to promote agricultural sustainable development[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2016,32(1):1-11.(in Chinese)
3傅锡敏,吕晓兰,丁为民,等.我国果园植保机械现状与技术需求[J].中国农机化,2009,30(6):10-13,17.FU Ximin,LXiaolan,DING Weimin,et al.Present state and technical requirement about orchard plant protection machinery in China[J].Chinese Agricultural Mechanization,2009,30(6):10-13,17.(in Chinese)
4邱威.自走式果园风送定向喷雾机的研制和试验[D].南京:南京农业大学,2012.QIU Wei.Development and experimental research of self-propelled air assisted orchard sprayer[D].Nanjing:Nanjing Agricultural University,2012.(in Chinese)
5沈红光.高地隙折腰式水田动力底盘设计与试验[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2017.SHEN Hongguang.Design and experiment of high-clearance roll-waist power chassis for paddy field[D].Harbin:Northeast Agricultural University,2017.(in Chinese)
6王金武,唐汉,沈红光,等.高地隙折腰式水田多功能动力底盘设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(16):32-40.WANG Jinwu,TANG Han,SHEN Hongguang,et al.Design and experiment of high clearance roll-waist multifunctional power chassis for paddy field[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2017,33(16):32-40.(in Chinese)
7刘大为,谢方平,李旭,等.小型果园升降作业平台的设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(3):113-121.LIU Dawei,XIE Fangping,LI Xu,et al.Design and experiment of small lifting platform in orchard[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2015,31(3):113-121.(in Chinese)
8吴伟斌,廖劲威,洪添胜.山地果园运输机车架结构分析与优化[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(11):39-47.WU Weibin,LIAO Jinwei,HONG Tiansheng.Analysis and optimization of frame structure for wheeled transporter in hill orchard[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2016,32(11):39-47.(in Chinese)
9张娜娜,赵匀,刘宏新.高速水稻插秧机车架的轻量化设计[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(3):55-59.ZHANG Nana,ZHAO Yun,LIU Hongxin.Light design of frame for self-propelled chassis rice trans planter[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2012,28(3):55-59.(in Chinese)
10中国农业机械化科学研究院.农业机械设计手册(上下册)[M].北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2007.
11邱威,丁为民,申宝营.3WZ-700型果园喷雾机通过性能分析[J/OL].农业机械学报,2012,43(6):63-67.http:∥www.jcsam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20120612&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2012.06.012.QIU Wei,DING Weimin,SHEN Baoying.Analysis on traffic ability of 3WZ-700 orchard sprayer[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2012,43(6):63-67.(in Chinese)
12邱白晶,何耀杰,盛云辉.喷雾机喷杆有限元模态分析与结构优化[J/OL].农业机械学报,2014,45(8):112-116,105.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20140818&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2014.08.018.QIU Baijing,HE Yaojie,SHENG Yunhui.Finite element model analysis and structure optimization of spray boom[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2014,45(8):112-116,105.(in Chinese)
13 SEUNG H,DAE-GYUN A,SEONG-JONG K,et al.Vibration fatigue analysis for multi-point spot-welded joints based on frequency response changes due to fatigue damage accumulation[J].International Journal of Fatigue,2013,48(2):170-177.
14 HELMUT D,CHRISTIAN G,KLAUS H.Fatigue analysis of welding seams and spot joints in automotive structures[C].SAEPaper 2005011323,2005.
15 AO K,NIIYAMA J,MATSUUI T,et al.Analysis of torsional stiffness share rate of truck frame[C].SAE Paper 912627,1991.
16陈志,周林,赵博,等.玉米收获机底盘车架疲劳寿命研究[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(10):19-25.CHEN Zhi,ZHOU Lin,ZHAO Bo,et al.Study on fatigue life of frame for corn combine chassis machine[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2015,31(10):19-25.(in Chinese)
17闻德生,商旭东,潘为圆,等.齿轮型多泵多马达传动系统设计与试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2017,48(6):399-406.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20170653&journ al_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2017.06.053.WEN Desheng,SHANG Xudong,PAN Weiyuan,et al.Design and experiment on gear multi-pump and multi-motor driving system[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(6):399-406.(in Chinese)
18王金峰,王金武,闫东伟,等.3SCJ-2型水田行间除草机设计与试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2017,48(6):71-78,202.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20170609&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2017.06.009.WANG Jinfeng,WANG Jinwu,YAN Dongwei,et al.Design and experiment of 3SCJ-2 type row weeding machine for paddy field[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(6):71-78,202.(in Chinese)
19樊桂菊,王永振,张晓辉,等.果园升降平台自动调平控制系统设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(11):38-46.FAN Guiju,WANG Yongzhen,ZHANG Xiaohui,et al.Design and experiment of automatic leveling control system for orchards lifting platform[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2017,33(11):38-46.(in Chinese)
20刘平义,王春燕,李海涛,等.丘陵山区农用仿形行走动态调平底盘设计与试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2018,49(2):74-81.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20180210&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2018.02.010.LIU Pingyi,WANG Chunyan,LI Haitao,et al.Terrain adaptive and dynamic leveling agricultural chassis for hilly area[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(2):74-81.(in Chinese)