基于薄壁梁压溃理论的商用车被动安全性提升研究
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摘要
为使某企业商用车被动安全性提升到欧盟ECE R29-03标准,进行基于薄壁梁压溃理论的碰撞性能仿真及优化研究。首先,建立正面摆锤碰撞驾驶室虚拟试验模型,并以国内《商用车驾驶室乘员保护》标准对驾驶室进行正面摆锤撞击仿真试验,对比实车试验以验证驾驶室虚拟试验模型的准确性。其次,基于矩形截面薄壁梁纵向压溃理论,推导多直角截面薄壁梁纵向压溃吸能理论表达式。然后,依据碰撞中驾驶室地板纵梁压溃反力随时间变化曲线,提出一种基于多直角薄壁梁纵向压溃理论的双帽型结构吸能器,进而进行吸能器参数的优化设计。最后,在欧盟ECE R29-03标准的试验工况下进行正面摆锤撞击仿真验证新型吸能器结构的有效性,提升了商用车被动安全性,为改进平头商用车被动安全性提供理论基础。
In order to improve the passive safety of a commercial vehicle to the EU ECE R29-03 standard, the collision performance simulation and optimization research based on the thin-walled beam crushing theory is carried out. Firstly, the virtual test model of the front pendulum collision cab is established. The front pendulum impact simulation test of the cab was carried out in the domestic "The Protection of the occupants of the cab of a Commercial Vehicle" standard, and the real vehicle test was compared to verify the accuracy of the cab's virtual test model. Secondly, based on the theory of longitudinal crushing of thin-walled beams with rectangular section, the theoretical expression of longitudinal crushing energy of multi-right-section thin-walled beams is derived. Then, according to the curve of the crushing reaction force of the cab longitudinal beam in the collision with time, a double-hat structure energy absorber based on the longitudinal crushing theory of multi-right angle thin-walled beam is proposed, and the optimal design of the energy absorber parameters is carried out. Finally, the positive pendulum impact simulation under the test conditions of the European Union ECE R29-03 standard verifies the effectiveness of the new energy absorber structure, improves the passive safety of commercial vehicles, and provides a theoretical basis for improving the passive safety of flat-head commercial vehicles.
In order to improve the passive safety of a commercial vehicle to the EU ECE R29-03 standard, the collision performance simulation and optimization research based on the thin-walled beam crushing theory is carried out. Firstly, the virtual test model of the front pendulum collision cab is established. The front pendulum impact simulation test of the cab was carried out in the domestic "The Protection of the occupants of the cab of a Commercial Vehicle" standard, and the real vehicle test was compared to verify the accuracy of the cab's virtual test model. Secondly, based on the theory of longitudinal crushing of thin-walled beams with rectangular section, the theoretical expression of longitudinal crushing energy of multi-right-section thin-walled beams is derived. Then, according to the curve of the crushing reaction force of the cab longitudinal beam in the collision with time, a double-hat structure energy absorber based on the longitudinal crushing theory of multi-right angle thin-walled beam is proposed, and the optimal design of the energy absorber parameters is carried out. Finally, the positive pendulum impact simulation under the test conditions of the European Union ECE R29-03 standard verifies the effectiveness of the new energy absorber structure, improves the passive safety of commercial vehicles, and provides a theoretical basis for improving the passive safety of flat-head commercial vehicles.
引文
[ 1 ] ECE Regulation No.29.Uniform provisions concerning the approval of vehicles with regard to the protection of the occupants of the cab of a commercial vehicle [S].Geneva:Economic Commission of Europe,2010.
[ 2 ] AUGENSTEIN J,PERDECK E,STRATTON J,et al.Characteristics of crashes that increase the risk of serious injuries [J].Annual Proceedings,2003,47:561-576.
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[ 4 ] URBINA P,ORTA P,AHUETT-GARZA H.Crashworthiness design based on a simplified deceleration pulse[J].International Journal of Automotive Technology,2014,15(6):909-917.
[ 5 ] PATEL N M,KANG B S,RENAUD J E,et al.Crashworthiness design using topology optimization[J].Dissertations and Theses-Gradworks,2009,131(6):061013 -061024.
[ 6 ] 李三红,郭孔辉,赵幼平,等.商用车摆锤正面撞击试验和仿真[J].中国机械工程,2005,23(16):2153-2156.
[ 7 ] 王登峰,刘丽亚,董学锋,等.商用车驾驶室碰撞安全性的研究与改进[J].汽车工程,2011,33(1):2-5.
[ 8 ] 雷飞,李贵涛,谢小平.高强度钢在商用车正碰安全性设计中的应用研究[J].机械强度,2017,39(1):71-78.
[ 9 ] 张君媛,解东旋,张昕,等.新型重型平头商用车前悬置支架和吸能器结构设计[J].吉林大学学报:工学版,2014,44(3):612-617.
[10] HAYDUK R J,WIERZBICKI T.Extensional collapse modes of structural members[J].Computers & Structures,1982,18(3):447-458.
[11] ABRAMOWICZ W,WIERZBICKI T.Axial crushing of foam-filled columns[J].International Journal of Mechanical Sciences,1988,30(3):263-271.
[12] 莫易敏,石志华,苏东,等.不同截面形状薄壁梁的轴向吸能特性研究[J].机械设计与制造,2017(7):190-193.
[13] 陆善彬,张君媛,周剑,等.商用车ECER29法规试验中乘员生存空间的研究[J].汽车技术,2009(6):43-47.
[14] ABRAMOWICZ W,JONES N.Dynamic axial crushing of square tubes[J].International Journal of Impact Engineering,1984,2(2):179-208.
[15] 张君媛,陈光,武栎楠,等.基于薄壁梁耐撞性理论的乘用车前纵梁轻量化设计[J].吉林大学学报:工学版,2013,43(6):1441-1446.
[16] 吴晓杰,胡宏勋,刘学军,等.薄壁梁轴向压溃力的影响参数[J].机械设计与研究,2012,28(1):42-45.
[17] 吴晓杰.薄壁梁轴向压溃特性的研究及其在汽车碰撞吸能元件中的应用[D].上海:上海交通大学,2012.
[ 2 ] AUGENSTEIN J,PERDECK E,STRATTON J,et al.Characteristics of crashes that increase the risk of serious injuries [J].Annual Proceedings,2003,47:561-576.
[ 3 ] DOBROVOLNY C S,SCHULZ N,BLOWER D.Finite element approach to identify the potential of improved heavy-truck crashworthiness and occupant protection in frontal impacts[J].Transportation Research Record,2016,2584(1):77-87.
[ 4 ] URBINA P,ORTA P,AHUETT-GARZA H.Crashworthiness design based on a simplified deceleration pulse[J].International Journal of Automotive Technology,2014,15(6):909-917.
[ 5 ] PATEL N M,KANG B S,RENAUD J E,et al.Crashworthiness design using topology optimization[J].Dissertations and Theses-Gradworks,2009,131(6):061013 -061024.
[ 6 ] 李三红,郭孔辉,赵幼平,等.商用车摆锤正面撞击试验和仿真[J].中国机械工程,2005,23(16):2153-2156.
[ 7 ] 王登峰,刘丽亚,董学锋,等.商用车驾驶室碰撞安全性的研究与改进[J].汽车工程,2011,33(1):2-5.
[ 8 ] 雷飞,李贵涛,谢小平.高强度钢在商用车正碰安全性设计中的应用研究[J].机械强度,2017,39(1):71-78.
[ 9 ] 张君媛,解东旋,张昕,等.新型重型平头商用车前悬置支架和吸能器结构设计[J].吉林大学学报:工学版,2014,44(3):612-617.
[10] HAYDUK R J,WIERZBICKI T.Extensional collapse modes of structural members[J].Computers & Structures,1982,18(3):447-458.
[11] ABRAMOWICZ W,WIERZBICKI T.Axial crushing of foam-filled columns[J].International Journal of Mechanical Sciences,1988,30(3):263-271.
[12] 莫易敏,石志华,苏东,等.不同截面形状薄壁梁的轴向吸能特性研究[J].机械设计与制造,2017(7):190-193.
[13] 陆善彬,张君媛,周剑,等.商用车ECER29法规试验中乘员生存空间的研究[J].汽车技术,2009(6):43-47.
[14] ABRAMOWICZ W,JONES N.Dynamic axial crushing of square tubes[J].International Journal of Impact Engineering,1984,2(2):179-208.
[15] 张君媛,陈光,武栎楠,等.基于薄壁梁耐撞性理论的乘用车前纵梁轻量化设计[J].吉林大学学报:工学版,2013,43(6):1441-1446.
[16] 吴晓杰,胡宏勋,刘学军,等.薄壁梁轴向压溃力的影响参数[J].机械设计与研究,2012,28(1):42-45.
[17] 吴晓杰.薄壁梁轴向压溃特性的研究及其在汽车碰撞吸能元件中的应用[D].上海:上海交通大学,2012.