《潜夫论》引《诗》的理论建构与《诗》史价值
|
摘要
《潜夫论》是东汉著名政论散文家王符的名著,也是汉代子书的代表作之一。书中大量征引《诗经》中的句子,形式多样,不拘一格,体现了王符深厚的诗学修养。王符引《诗》关注并反映现实,重在引以为据,阐明事理,不以解说诗义为目的。在用《诗》旨归方面,以《诗》证理、以《诗》明教、以《诗》论政,体现出了强烈的现实批判精神。在《诗》史价值方面,《潜夫论》突破传统的用《诗》模式,在用《诗》模式上发生了一些新的变化,同时也代表着汉代《诗》通学的勃兴。在解决《诗》学史上的一些学术疑难问题方面,《潜夫论》也突显出了重要的《诗》学史料意义。
"Qian Fu Lun"is a famous political essay written by Wang Fu in the Eastern Han Dynasty and one of the representative works of the Han Dynasty Zi Shu. A large number of sentences in The Book of Songs are quoted in various forms,which reflects Wang Fu's profound poetic accomplishment. Wang Fu's quotation of poetry pays close attention to and reflects the reality,laying stress on citing as the basis and expounding the truth,instead of explaining the meaning of poetry as the purpose. In the aspect of the purpose of the poem,the strong spirit of realistic criticism is embodied through the rationalization of the poem,the clear religion of the poem and the political comment of the poem. On the historical value of Book of Songs,"Qian Fu Lun"breaks through the traditional mode of quoting from Book of Songs,and some new changes have taken place in the mode of quoting from Book of Songs. At the same time,it represents the prosperity of the general study of Book of Songs in Han Dynasty. In order to solve some difficult academic problems in the history of the study of Poetry,the theory of the"Qian Fu Lun"also highlights the significance in the important historical materials in the study of Book of Songs.
"Qian Fu Lun"is a famous political essay written by Wang Fu in the Eastern Han Dynasty and one of the representative works of the Han Dynasty Zi Shu. A large number of sentences in The Book of Songs are quoted in various forms,which reflects Wang Fu's profound poetic accomplishment. Wang Fu's quotation of poetry pays close attention to and reflects the reality,laying stress on citing as the basis and expounding the truth,instead of explaining the meaning of poetry as the purpose. In the aspect of the purpose of the poem,the strong spirit of realistic criticism is embodied through the rationalization of the poem,the clear religion of the poem and the political comment of the poem. On the historical value of Book of Songs,"Qian Fu Lun"breaks through the traditional mode of quoting from Book of Songs,and some new changes have taken place in the mode of quoting from Book of Songs. At the same time,it represents the prosperity of the general study of Book of Songs in Han Dynasty. In order to solve some difficult academic problems in the history of the study of Poetry,the theory of the"Qian Fu Lun"also highlights the significance in the important historical materials in the study of Book of Songs.
引文
[1](南朝宋)范晔撰,(唐)李贤等注.后汉书[M].北京:中华书局,1965.
[2](汉)王符著,(清)汪继培笺,彭铎校正.潜夫论笺校正[M].北京:中华书局,2014.
[3]刘文英.王符评传[M].南京:南京大学出版社,2011.
[4]刘毓庆,郭万金.从文学到经学——先秦两汉诗经学史论[M].上海:华东师范大学出版社,2009.
[5](清)王先谦.诗三家义集疏[M].北京:中华书局,1987.
[6](清)陈寿祺撰,陈乔枞述.鲁诗遗说考[M].上海:上海古籍出版社,2002.
[7]费振刚,仇仲谦,刘南平.全汉赋校注[M].广州:广东教育出版社,2005.
[8]郑杰文.上博藏战国楚竹书《诗论》作者试测[J].文学遗产,2002,(4).
[9]刘立志.汉代《诗经》学史论[M].北京:中华书局,2007.
[10]罗宗强.诗的实用与初期的诗歌理论[J].文学遗产,1983,(4).
[11]王洲明.汉代散文风格与汉代经学的关系[J].泰安师专学报,1999,(5).
[12]张立文主编,周桂钿,李祥俊著.中国学术通史:秦汉卷[M].北京:人民出版社,2004.
[13]赵玉龙.王符《书》学思想探论[J].语文教学通讯(学术刊),2018,(3).
[14]杨伯峻.春秋左传注:修订本[M].北京:中华书局,2009.
(1)由于统计标准和方式不一,各家统计有出入。刘文英统计,《潜夫论》完整引用《诗经》44次。(参刘文英《王符评传》,南京大学出版社2011年版,第37页)刘毓庆、郭万金统计,《潜夫论》引《诗》共110处。(参刘毓庆、郭万金《从文学到经学——先秦两汉诗经学史论》,华东师范大学出版社2009年版,第392页)蒋泽枫统计,《潜夫论》引《诗经》共计111条。(参蒋泽枫《王符〈潜夫论〉研究》,吉林大学出版社2016年版,第344页)李晓敏统计,《潜夫论》引四家《诗》104次。(参李晓敏《王符〈潜夫论〉研究》,世界图书出版公司2017年版,第162页)
[2](汉)王符著,(清)汪继培笺,彭铎校正.潜夫论笺校正[M].北京:中华书局,2014.
[3]刘文英.王符评传[M].南京:南京大学出版社,2011.
[4]刘毓庆,郭万金.从文学到经学——先秦两汉诗经学史论[M].上海:华东师范大学出版社,2009.
[5](清)王先谦.诗三家义集疏[M].北京:中华书局,1987.
[6](清)陈寿祺撰,陈乔枞述.鲁诗遗说考[M].上海:上海古籍出版社,2002.
[7]费振刚,仇仲谦,刘南平.全汉赋校注[M].广州:广东教育出版社,2005.
[8]郑杰文.上博藏战国楚竹书《诗论》作者试测[J].文学遗产,2002,(4).
[9]刘立志.汉代《诗经》学史论[M].北京:中华书局,2007.
[10]罗宗强.诗的实用与初期的诗歌理论[J].文学遗产,1983,(4).
[11]王洲明.汉代散文风格与汉代经学的关系[J].泰安师专学报,1999,(5).
[12]张立文主编,周桂钿,李祥俊著.中国学术通史:秦汉卷[M].北京:人民出版社,2004.
[13]赵玉龙.王符《书》学思想探论[J].语文教学通讯(学术刊),2018,(3).
[14]杨伯峻.春秋左传注:修订本[M].北京:中华书局,2009.
(1)由于统计标准和方式不一,各家统计有出入。刘文英统计,《潜夫论》完整引用《诗经》44次。(参刘文英《王符评传》,南京大学出版社2011年版,第37页)刘毓庆、郭万金统计,《潜夫论》引《诗》共110处。(参刘毓庆、郭万金《从文学到经学——先秦两汉诗经学史论》,华东师范大学出版社2009年版,第392页)蒋泽枫统计,《潜夫论》引《诗经》共计111条。(参蒋泽枫《王符〈潜夫论〉研究》,吉林大学出版社2016年版,第344页)李晓敏统计,《潜夫论》引四家《诗》104次。(参李晓敏《王符〈潜夫论〉研究》,世界图书出版公司2017年版,第162页)