新加坡社区服务设施体系规划的演进历程、特征及启示
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摘要
社区生活圈服务设施体系的规划和建设是保障民生、提升城市生活品质的关键路径。文章通过对新加坡社区服务设施体系规划的发展历程、层级体系设置及设施规划的全面评述,总结其六大规划特点,包括社区服务设施体系规划与新镇规划全面结合并充分考虑弹性机制,重视设施功能和布局的高度整合,以高密度多样性的消费群体为支撑,政府主导下的多元参与和协同运营,以生活需求和行为研究作为规划的根本出发点,以及全面鼓励社区参与规划与设施运营。在此基础上,文章提出对我国社区生活圈服务设施体系规划的社会参与的整合。
It is imperative to plan and construct community life circle service system to improve people's livelihood and quality of urban life. Based on an analysis of the evolution process, hierarchical system, and facilities planning of community service facilities system in Singapore, this paper concludes six major features: integration of community service facilities system planning and new town planning with flexibility, integration of facilities functions and layout, supported by high-density and diverse consumer groups,government-led multi-participation and collaborative operations, research-led planning based on daily life needs and behaviors,as well as encouragement of community participatory planning and operations. This paper puts forward four inspirations for the planning of China's community life circle service facilities system: planning integration, layout integration, integration of design and operations, and integration of government-led and social participation.
It is imperative to plan and construct community life circle service system to improve people's livelihood and quality of urban life. Based on an analysis of the evolution process, hierarchical system, and facilities planning of community service facilities system in Singapore, this paper concludes six major features: integration of community service facilities system planning and new town planning with flexibility, integration of facilities functions and layout, supported by high-density and diverse consumer groups,government-led multi-participation and collaborative operations, research-led planning based on daily life needs and behaviors,as well as encouragement of community participatory planning and operations. This paper puts forward four inspirations for the planning of China's community life circle service facilities system: planning integration, layout integration, integration of design and operations, and integration of government-led and social participation.
引文
[1]陈敦鹏,李蓓蓓,蔡志敏.转型发展期公共设施规划标准研究[J].规划师,2013(6):52-56.
[2]胡畔,张建召.基本公共服务设施研究进展与理论框架初构—基于主体视角与复杂科学范式的递进审视[J].城市规划,2012(12):84-90.
[3]刘海涛,王伟,李一双.新型城镇化中的公共服务设施—内涵界定与清单梳理[J].上海城市规划,2016(4):84-90.
[4]孙德芳,秦萧,沈山.城市公共服务设施配置研究进展与展望[J].现代城市研究,2013(3):90-97.
[5]孙艺,戴冬晖,宋聚生.直辖市基层公共服务设施规划技术地方标准与国家标准的比较与启示[J].规划师,2017(6):44-54.
[6]滕娟,梁旭初,林太志.社区公共服务设施设置标准探讨—以《广州市社区公共服务设施设置规范》修订工作为例[J].规划师,2014(增刊2):170-174.
[7]武田艳,何芳.城市社区公共服务设施规划标准设置准则探讨[J].城市规划,2011(9):13-18.
[8]杨国霞,苗天青.城市住区公共设施配套规划的调整思路研究[J].城市规划,2013(10):71-76.
[9]柴彦威,张雪,孙道胜.基于时空间行为的城市生活圈规划研究—以北京市为例[J].城市规划学刊,2015(3):61-69.
[10]孙道胜,柴彦威,张艳.社区生活圈的界定与测度:以北京清河地区为例[J].城市发展研究,2016(9):1-9.
[11]肖作鹏,柴彦威,张艳.国内外生活圈规划研究与规划实践进展述评[J].规划师,2014(10):89-95.
[12]Housing&Development Board. Annual Report 2017/2018[R]. Singapore,2018.
[13]Wong,Aline K,Stephen H K Yeh. Housing A Nation:25 Years of Public Housing in Singapore[M]. Singapore:Maruzen Asia for Housing&Development Board,1985.
[14]Yeh S H K.(ed.). Public Housing in Singapore:A Multi-Disciplinary Study[M]. Singapore:Singapore University Press,1975.
[15]Hee, Limin,Heng C K. Transformation of Space:A Retrospective on Public Housing in Singapore. In Suburban Form:An International Perspective[M].Edited by Kiril Stanilov and Brenda Case Scheer. New York:Routledge, 2004.
[16]Liu T K.Design for Better Living Conditions. in Public Housing in Singapore:A Multi-Disciplinary Study[M].Edited by S H K Yeh. Singapore:Singapore University Press, 1975.
[17]URA, Urban Redevelopment Authority. Ang Mo Kio Planning Area:Planning Report 1996[R]. Singapore, 1996.
[18]Teo S E. Character and Identity in Singa-pore New Towns:Planner and Resident Perspectives[J]. Habitat International, 1996(20):279–294.
[19]Urban Redevelopment Authority. Tam-pines Planning Area:Planning Report 1995[R]. Singapore URA, 1995.
[20]Urban Redevelopment Authority. Punggol Planning Area:Planning Report 1998[R]. Singapore URA, 1998.
[21]Housing Development Board. Our Homes:50 Years of Housing A Nation[M].Singapore:Published for the Housing and Development Board by Straits Times Press, 2011.
[22]Tan T, Kwok K. An Update of Neighbour-hood Planning and Design with Reference to Singapore Public Housing[J].Planews, Journal of the Singapore Institute of Planners, 1986(11):23–31.
[23]Sun, Hongyu. Social Effects of The Provision and Distribution Of Daily Service Shops in HDB New Town in Singapore——Using Case Studies of Bedok, Jurong East, Bishan, Sengkang and Punggol New Towns[D]. National University of Singapore, 2013.
[24]Liu, Thai Ker, S Tuminez Astrid. The Social Dimension of Urban Planning in Singapore.In 50 Years of Social Issues in Singapore, Edited by David Chan[M]. Singapore:World Scientific Publishing Co,2015.
(1)数据来源:土地面积和总人口数源于新加坡统计局2018年最新数据,详见https://www.singstat.gov.sg/find-data/searchby-theme/population/population-andpopulation-structure/latest-data。
(2)规划总户数为11 000户,按每户3人计算,总人口约为30万人。参看参考文献[12]。
(3)马来语,“村庄”的意思,又称“甘榜”。
(4)数据来源:Singapore Residents by Subzone and Type of Dwelling,June 2017(Data.gov.sg)。
[2]胡畔,张建召.基本公共服务设施研究进展与理论框架初构—基于主体视角与复杂科学范式的递进审视[J].城市规划,2012(12):84-90.
[3]刘海涛,王伟,李一双.新型城镇化中的公共服务设施—内涵界定与清单梳理[J].上海城市规划,2016(4):84-90.
[4]孙德芳,秦萧,沈山.城市公共服务设施配置研究进展与展望[J].现代城市研究,2013(3):90-97.
[5]孙艺,戴冬晖,宋聚生.直辖市基层公共服务设施规划技术地方标准与国家标准的比较与启示[J].规划师,2017(6):44-54.
[6]滕娟,梁旭初,林太志.社区公共服务设施设置标准探讨—以《广州市社区公共服务设施设置规范》修订工作为例[J].规划师,2014(增刊2):170-174.
[7]武田艳,何芳.城市社区公共服务设施规划标准设置准则探讨[J].城市规划,2011(9):13-18.
[8]杨国霞,苗天青.城市住区公共设施配套规划的调整思路研究[J].城市规划,2013(10):71-76.
[9]柴彦威,张雪,孙道胜.基于时空间行为的城市生活圈规划研究—以北京市为例[J].城市规划学刊,2015(3):61-69.
[10]孙道胜,柴彦威,张艳.社区生活圈的界定与测度:以北京清河地区为例[J].城市发展研究,2016(9):1-9.
[11]肖作鹏,柴彦威,张艳.国内外生活圈规划研究与规划实践进展述评[J].规划师,2014(10):89-95.
[12]Housing&Development Board. Annual Report 2017/2018[R]. Singapore,2018.
[13]Wong,Aline K,Stephen H K Yeh. Housing A Nation:25 Years of Public Housing in Singapore[M]. Singapore:Maruzen Asia for Housing&Development Board,1985.
[14]Yeh S H K.(ed.). Public Housing in Singapore:A Multi-Disciplinary Study[M]. Singapore:Singapore University Press,1975.
[15]Hee, Limin,Heng C K. Transformation of Space:A Retrospective on Public Housing in Singapore. In Suburban Form:An International Perspective[M].Edited by Kiril Stanilov and Brenda Case Scheer. New York:Routledge, 2004.
[16]Liu T K.Design for Better Living Conditions. in Public Housing in Singapore:A Multi-Disciplinary Study[M].Edited by S H K Yeh. Singapore:Singapore University Press, 1975.
[17]URA, Urban Redevelopment Authority. Ang Mo Kio Planning Area:Planning Report 1996[R]. Singapore, 1996.
[18]Teo S E. Character and Identity in Singa-pore New Towns:Planner and Resident Perspectives[J]. Habitat International, 1996(20):279–294.
[19]Urban Redevelopment Authority. Tam-pines Planning Area:Planning Report 1995[R]. Singapore URA, 1995.
[20]Urban Redevelopment Authority. Punggol Planning Area:Planning Report 1998[R]. Singapore URA, 1998.
[21]Housing Development Board. Our Homes:50 Years of Housing A Nation[M].Singapore:Published for the Housing and Development Board by Straits Times Press, 2011.
[22]Tan T, Kwok K. An Update of Neighbour-hood Planning and Design with Reference to Singapore Public Housing[J].Planews, Journal of the Singapore Institute of Planners, 1986(11):23–31.
[23]Sun, Hongyu. Social Effects of The Provision and Distribution Of Daily Service Shops in HDB New Town in Singapore——Using Case Studies of Bedok, Jurong East, Bishan, Sengkang and Punggol New Towns[D]. National University of Singapore, 2013.
[24]Liu, Thai Ker, S Tuminez Astrid. The Social Dimension of Urban Planning in Singapore.In 50 Years of Social Issues in Singapore, Edited by David Chan[M]. Singapore:World Scientific Publishing Co,2015.
(1)数据来源:土地面积和总人口数源于新加坡统计局2018年最新数据,详见https://www.singstat.gov.sg/find-data/searchby-theme/population/population-andpopulation-structure/latest-data。
(2)规划总户数为11 000户,按每户3人计算,总人口约为30万人。参看参考文献[12]。
(3)马来语,“村庄”的意思,又称“甘榜”。
(4)数据来源:Singapore Residents by Subzone and Type of Dwelling,June 2017(Data.gov.sg)。