土壤肥力对扁穗雀麦种子产量及其构成因素的影响
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摘要
为扁穗雀麦种子生产与新品种培育提供理论依据,在土壤肥力不同的2块地(以第二次全国土壤普查养分含量分级标准,分为高肥区和低肥区),研究肥力对9份扁穗雀麦种质材料生殖枝高(x1)、单株平均穗长(x2)、小穗数(x3)、小穗小花数(x4)、种子数(x5)、每穗节数(x6)、小穗长(x7)、小穗宽(x8)、分蘖数(x9)、生殖枝数(x10)、百粒重(x11)和单株种子产量(y)的影响。结果表明:扁穗雀麦种质间的种子产量存在显著差异(P<0.05),在高肥区,最高为9号(来源于福泉市),单株种子产量达8.39g;在低肥区,最高为4号(来源于平坝县天龙镇),产量达5.98g。土壤肥力是影响扁穗雀麦种子产量的主要因素,肥力低降低种子产量及其构成因素的发挥。在高肥区,分蘖数、生殖枝高和小穗宽是影响扁穗雀麦产量的主要因素;在低肥区,主要影响因素是百粒重、种子数、生殖枝数与小穗小花数。其高肥区(y1)与低肥区(y2)的回归方程分别为y1=-4.436+0.078x1-4.089x8+0.597x9,y2=-2.658-0.538x4+0.014x5-0.443x10+4.790x11。在肥力较好地块进行扁穗雀麦种子生产时,其增产的技术关键是增加植株分蘖数与生殖枝高;在肥力较差或土壤贫瘠的地块,要增加种子的饱满度和成熟种子数,同时应保障生殖枝完成生育期和增加小穗小花的结实率。
The fertile stem height(x1),average spike length per plant(x2),spikelet number(x3),floret number/spikelet(x4),seed number(x5),node number/spike(x6),spikelet length(x7),spikelet width(x8),tillering number/plant(x9),fertile stem number/plant(x10),100 seed weight(x11)and seed yield/plant(y)of 9 B.catharticus germplasm materials planted on the soils with high fertility and low fertility were determined to provide the theoretical basis for seed production and new variety breeding of B.catharticus.Results:There is a significant difference(P <0.05)in seed yield between different B.catharticus germplasm materials.Seed yield per plant of No.9(Fuquan City)planted on the soil with high fertility reaches 8.39 g and seed yield per plant of No.4(Pingbao County)planted on the soil with low fertility is 5.98 g.Soil fertility is the main factor to influence seed yield of B.catharticus and low soil fertility reduces seed yield and performance of yield component.The tillering number,fertile stem height and spikelet width of B.catharticus planted on the soil with high fertility are main factors to influence seed yield of B.catharticus and 100 grains weight,seed number,fertile stem number and floret number/spikelet of B.catharticus planted on the soil with low fertility are main factors to influence seed yield of B.catharticus.The regression equations of high soil fertility(y1)and low soil fertility(y2)are y1=-4.436+0.078x1-4.089x8+0.597x9 and y2=-2.658-0.538x4+0.014x5-0.443x10+4.790x11.The key techniques to increase seed yield of B.catharticus planted on the soil with high fertility are increasing tillering number and fertile stem height.The key techniques to increase seed yield of B.catharticus planted on the soil with low fertility are increasing seed fullness and mature seeds,guaranteeing whole growth period of fertile stems and improving setting percentage of floret number/spikelet.
The fertile stem height(x1),average spike length per plant(x2),spikelet number(x3),floret number/spikelet(x4),seed number(x5),node number/spike(x6),spikelet length(x7),spikelet width(x8),tillering number/plant(x9),fertile stem number/plant(x10),100 seed weight(x11)and seed yield/plant(y)of 9 B.catharticus germplasm materials planted on the soils with high fertility and low fertility were determined to provide the theoretical basis for seed production and new variety breeding of B.catharticus.Results:There is a significant difference(P <0.05)in seed yield between different B.catharticus germplasm materials.Seed yield per plant of No.9(Fuquan City)planted on the soil with high fertility reaches 8.39 g and seed yield per plant of No.4(Pingbao County)planted on the soil with low fertility is 5.98 g.Soil fertility is the main factor to influence seed yield of B.catharticus and low soil fertility reduces seed yield and performance of yield component.The tillering number,fertile stem height and spikelet width of B.catharticus planted on the soil with high fertility are main factors to influence seed yield of B.catharticus and 100 grains weight,seed number,fertile stem number and floret number/spikelet of B.catharticus planted on the soil with low fertility are main factors to influence seed yield of B.catharticus.The regression equations of high soil fertility(y1)and low soil fertility(y2)are y1=-4.436+0.078x1-4.089x8+0.597x9 and y2=-2.658-0.538x4+0.014x5-0.443x10+4.790x11.The key techniques to increase seed yield of B.catharticus planted on the soil with high fertility are increasing tillering number and fertile stem height.The key techniques to increase seed yield of B.catharticus planted on the soil with low fertility are increasing seed fullness and mature seeds,guaranteeing whole growth period of fertile stems and improving setting percentage of floret number/spikelet.
引文
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[13]孙建华,王彦荣,郭玉霞.草地早熟禾种子产量构成因素的品种差异[J].应用生态学报,2002,13(8):948-952.
[14]赵丹,杜文元,赵雅姣,等.不同小黑麦品种的种子产量及产量构成因素比较[J].草原与草坪,2013,33(3):61-66.
[15]张亚平,徐庆国.不同黑麦草品种的草产量及种子产量比较[J].作物研究,2014,28(1):50-53.
[16]田新会,杜文华.氮、磷、钾肥对紫花苜蓿种子产量及产量构成因素的影响[J].中国草地学报,2008,30(4):16-20.
[17]申忠宝,张月学,潘多锋,等.施氮对人工草地羊草种子产量和构成因素的影响[J].中国草地学报,2012,34(5):58-62.
[18]张霞,顾洪如,丁成龙,等.象草若干生物学性状与产量的关系分析[J].草地学报,2009,17(5):670-674.
[19]李鸿雁,李志勇.野生扁蓿豆单株种子产量与主要农艺性状的通径分析[J].草地学报,2012,20(3):479-483.
[20]梁小玉,张新全,陈元江,等.氮磷钾平衡施肥对鸭茅种子生产性能的影响[J].草业学报,2005,14(5):69-74.
[21]德科加.施肥对青藏高原燕麦种子产量与产量组分的影响[J].种子,2009,28(8):71-74.
[2]梁应林.优良地方牧草——贵州扁穗雀麦[J].草业与畜牧,2008(10):60-61.
[3]赵熙贵.不同施肥水平对扁穗雀麦种子产量的影响[J].贵州农业科学,2006,34(3):63-64.
[4]唐成斌,刘世凡,莫本田,等.贵州优良牧草扁穗雀麦饲用价值的研究[J].贵州农业科学,1996(3):26-27.
[5]尚以顺,陈燕萍,舒健虹,等.牧草新品种黔草3号扁穗雀麦的选育[J].贵州农业科学,2009,37(4):7-10.
[6]田宏,刘洋,张鹤山,等.扁穗雀麦种种子萌发条件的研究[J].草业科学,2009,26(7):88-93.
[7]区力松,王晓云,曹清国,等.云南地区扁穗雀麦繁殖对策研究[J].贵州农业科学,2008,36(2):135-137.
[8]田宏,刘洋,张鹤山,等.扁穗雀麦种种子萌发吸水特性与萌发温度的研究[J].中国草地学报,2009,31(2):53-57.
[9]田宏,陈明新,张鹤山,等.不同贮藏方法和时间对扁穗雀麦种子萌发的影响[J].种子,2011,30(12):72-75.
[10]郝峰,徐柱,闫伟红,等.扁穗雀麦种质资源形态变异分析[J].草地学报,2011,19(4):668-673.
[11]傅平,柳茜,何晓琴,等.扁穗雀麦产种性能的测定分析[J].草业与畜牧,2015,218(1):23-25.
[12]杨世忠,敖学成,王同军,等.高寒山区扁穗雀麦单株性状与株重的相关通径分析[J].草业与畜牧,2010(2):6-8.
[13]孙建华,王彦荣,郭玉霞.草地早熟禾种子产量构成因素的品种差异[J].应用生态学报,2002,13(8):948-952.
[14]赵丹,杜文元,赵雅姣,等.不同小黑麦品种的种子产量及产量构成因素比较[J].草原与草坪,2013,33(3):61-66.
[15]张亚平,徐庆国.不同黑麦草品种的草产量及种子产量比较[J].作物研究,2014,28(1):50-53.
[16]田新会,杜文华.氮、磷、钾肥对紫花苜蓿种子产量及产量构成因素的影响[J].中国草地学报,2008,30(4):16-20.
[17]申忠宝,张月学,潘多锋,等.施氮对人工草地羊草种子产量和构成因素的影响[J].中国草地学报,2012,34(5):58-62.
[18]张霞,顾洪如,丁成龙,等.象草若干生物学性状与产量的关系分析[J].草地学报,2009,17(5):670-674.
[19]李鸿雁,李志勇.野生扁蓿豆单株种子产量与主要农艺性状的通径分析[J].草地学报,2012,20(3):479-483.
[20]梁小玉,张新全,陈元江,等.氮磷钾平衡施肥对鸭茅种子生产性能的影响[J].草业学报,2005,14(5):69-74.
[21]德科加.施肥对青藏高原燕麦种子产量与产量组分的影响[J].种子,2009,28(8):71-74.