喷液式一体化在线动平衡终端的设计与实验研究
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摘要
针对喷液式在线动平衡系统中的传统组装式平衡终端存在的问题,提出了一种新型的采用3D打印快速成形的一体化终端。在分析传统的组装式平衡终端存在质量过大和密封等问题的基础上,结合喷液式在线动平衡的技术特点和快速成形的要求设计出了新型的一体化平衡终端。在分析一体化平衡终端平衡能力的基础上,取实验主轴极限转速和容腔满腔液体的极限实验状态,建立了弧形容腔受力面分析模型,选取了容腔壁安全厚度,完成了一体化终端的制作,并且和组装式终端进行了关键参数对比。此外,为了保证液体的流动特性、表面测试的需求以及终端和主轴的配合精度,对一体化平衡终端配合锥面进行配磨,表面和液体流道进行了修形。最后,在高速主轴试验台上进行平衡终端的在线验证实验。实验结果表明,当转速为9 000 r/min,12 000 r/min和15 000 r/min时,通过在线平衡可以使主轴工频振幅分别下降达80.76%,82.34%和84.13%,且都一次成功,平衡时间也非常短,充分展现了平衡终端的可靠性。
In order to solve the problems of traditional assembled terminals in spray type dynamic balancing systems, a new type of integrated terminal using 3 D printing was proposed. Based on the analysis of the problems of over mass and sealing in traditional assembled balance terminals, the new type of integrated balanced terminal was designed based on the technical characteristics of spray-type on-line dynamic balance and the requirements of rapid prototyping.On the basis of analyzing the balance ability of the integrated balance terminal, an analysis model of the curved cavity surface was established according to the limit experimental state.The thickness of the cavity wall was selected to complete the production of the integrated terminal and the key parameters were compared with those of the assembled terminals. In addition, in order to ensure the liquid flow characteristics and surface testing requirements, the integrated balanced terminal surface and the liquid flow path were modified.Finally, an on-line verification experiment of balanced terminals was performed on a high-speed spindle test stand. The experimental results show: when the speeds are 9 000 r/min, 12 000 r/min and 15 000 r/min, the amplitude at the rotation frequency can be reduced by 80.76%, 82.34% and 84.13% respectively through on-line balancing, and the balance time is very short. This illustrates the reliability of the proposed balanced terminal.
In order to solve the problems of traditional assembled terminals in spray type dynamic balancing systems, a new type of integrated terminal using 3 D printing was proposed. Based on the analysis of the problems of over mass and sealing in traditional assembled balance terminals, the new type of integrated balanced terminal was designed based on the technical characteristics of spray-type on-line dynamic balance and the requirements of rapid prototyping.On the basis of analyzing the balance ability of the integrated balance terminal, an analysis model of the curved cavity surface was established according to the limit experimental state.The thickness of the cavity wall was selected to complete the production of the integrated terminal and the key parameters were compared with those of the assembled terminals. In addition, in order to ensure the liquid flow characteristics and surface testing requirements, the integrated balanced terminal surface and the liquid flow path were modified.Finally, an on-line verification experiment of balanced terminals was performed on a high-speed spindle test stand. The experimental results show: when the speeds are 9 000 r/min, 12 000 r/min and 15 000 r/min, the amplitude at the rotation frequency can be reduced by 80.76%, 82.34% and 84.13% respectively through on-line balancing, and the balance time is very short. This illustrates the reliability of the proposed balanced terminal.
引文
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[20] 张国军,臧运峰,吕枫,等.数控机床HSK刀柄和主轴在高速旋转下的连接性能分析[J].中国机械工程,2012,23(6):631-636.ZHANG Guojun,ZANG Yunfeng,Lü Feng,et al.Analysis on HSK toolholder spindle interface at high rotational speed for CNC machine tools[J].Engineering Sciences of China,2012,23(6):631-636.
[ 2 ] ABELE E,ALTINTAS Y,BRECHER C.Machine tool spindle units [J].CIRP Annals-Manufacturing Technology,2010,59(2):781-802.
[ 3 ] 章云,梅雪松.高速主轴动平衡及其在线控制技术[J].中国工程科学,2013,15(1):87-92.ZHANG Yun,MEI Xuesong.High-speed spindle dynamic balance and its on-line control technology[J].Engineering Sciences of China,2013,15(1):87-92.
[ 4 ] CAO H,ZHANG X,CHEN X.The concept and progress of intelligent spindles:a review[J].International Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture,2016,112:21-52.
[ 5 ] 尹明泉,景敏卿,刘恒,等.高速磨削在线动平衡系统硬件设计[J].制造技术与机床,2011(6):156-159.YIN Mingquan,JING Minqing,LIU Heng,et al.Hardware design of online dynamic balance system for high speed grinding[J].Manufacturing Technology & Machine Tool of China,2011(6):156-159.
[ 6 ] 潘鑫,吴海琦,高金吉.转子-轴承系统液体式在线自动平衡装置研究综述[J].振动与冲击,2015,34(6):95-100.PAN Xin,WU Haiqi,GAO Jinji.Review for liquid typed online auto-balancing devices in rotor bearing systems[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2015,34(6):95-100.
[ 7 ] 张西宁,刘旭,吴婷婷.注排液式砂轮在线动平衡技术研究[J].西安交通大学学报,2017,51(4):1-5.ZHANG Xining,LIU Xu,WU Tingting.Liquid injection and drainage online dynamic balancing technique for grinding wheel[J].Journal of Xi’an Jiaotong University,2017,51(4):1-5.
[ 8 ] PENNINGTON A G,STRUNK J D,GRIFFIN J L,et al.Storage-based intrusion detection:watching storage activity for suspicious behavior[C]//Conference on Usenix Security Symposium.Washington D.C.:USENIX Association,2003.
[ 9 ] FORREST S,HOFMEYR S A,SOMAYAJI A,et al.A sense of self for unix processes[C]//Proceedings 1996 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy.Oakland:IEEE,1996.
[10] 李晓冬,王立威,冀清发.径注式砂轮在线液体平衡装置的研究[J].兵工学报,2004,25(3):326-329.LI Xiaodong,WANG Liwei,JI Qingfa.Study on on-line liquid balance device of abrasive wheel[J].Acta Armamentarii of China,2004,25(3):326-329.
[11] GAO J,ZHANG P.Simulative study of automatic balancing of grinding wheel using a continuously-dripping liquid-injection balancing head[C]//2006 6th World Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation.Dalian:IEEE,2006.
[12] 潘鑫,吴海琦,高金吉.气压液体式磨床自动平衡装置控制策略与实验研究[J].振动与冲击,2015,34(5):1-5.PAN Xin,WU Haiqi,GAO Jinji.Controlstrategy and experiment research of liquid transfer active balancing device by pneumatic means for grinding machines[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2015,34(5):1-5.
[13] 章云,梅雪松,胡振邦,等.注液式高速切削主轴动平衡装置设计及其性能研究[J].西安交通大学学报,2013,47(3):13-17.ZHANG Yun,MEI Xuesong,HU Zhenbang,et al.Design and performance analysis of hydrojet-typed balancing device for high-speed machine tool spindle[J].Journal of Xi’an Jiaotong University,2013,47(3):13-17.
[14] 梅雪松,章云,张东升,等.喷液式高速主轴在线自动平衡系统:CN 102095554A[P].2011-06-15.
[15] FAN H,JING M,WANG R,et al.New electromagnetic ring balancer for active imbalance compensation of rotating machinery[J].Journal of Sound & Vibration,2014,333(17):3837-3858.
[16] 石航.卧式丝杠磨床主轴在线动平衡系统开发[D].西安:西安交通大学,2016.
[17] TSUTSUMI M,OHYA M,AOYAMA T,et al.Deformation and interface pressure distribution of 1/10 tapered joints at high rotation speed[J].International Journal of the Japan Society for Precision Engineering,1996,30:23-28.
[18] TSUTSUMI M,KUWADA T,SHIMIZU S,et al.Static and dynamic stiffness of 1/10 tapered joints for automatic changing[J].International Journal of the Japan Society for Precision Engineering,1995,29:301-306.
[19] 徐秉业,刘信声.应用弹塑性力学[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1995.
[20] 张国军,臧运峰,吕枫,等.数控机床HSK刀柄和主轴在高速旋转下的连接性能分析[J].中国机械工程,2012,23(6):631-636.ZHANG Guojun,ZANG Yunfeng,Lü Feng,et al.Analysis on HSK toolholder spindle interface at high rotational speed for CNC machine tools[J].Engineering Sciences of China,2012,23(6):631-636.