地震超前探测技术在老窑采空区探测中的模拟与应用
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摘要
巷道前方的地质异常与巷道内地震测线存在角度关系,依据地震超前探测原理,其反射波时距曲线为一直线且呈现负视速度特征。据此建立一采空区地震超前探测模型,以研究采空区条件下检波器后置观测系统的地震波场传播特征。通过对全空间地震波场的分析发现,距离震源越远的检波器越先接收到迎头前方异常界面的PP波与S-S波,为此采用τ-p域滤波或F-K域滤波对地震波场进行分离解释。以山西临汾某矿井2号煤层老窑采空区超前探测为例,通过反射波提取、绕射扫描及叠加偏移对巷道前方进行成像,解释迎头前方35m处存在异常,经钻探验证其为老窑采空区,取得了较好的应用效果。
The roadway front geological anomaly has angular dependence with roadway seismic prospecting line,according to seismic advance prospecting theory,the reflection wave time-distance curve is a straight line and presents negative apparent velocity features.Accordingly has established a gob area seismic advance prospecting model to study seismic wave field propagation features of geophone postposition observation system under worked-out area condition. Through total space seismic wave field analysis has shown that the farther the geophone away from the source,the quicker P-P wave and S-S wave from head-on front anomalous interfaces arriving.Therefore to use τ-p domain filtering or f-k domain filtering carried out seismic wave field separate interpretation. Taking the coal No. 2 old workings gob area advance prospecting of a coalmine in Linfen,Shanxi as an example,through reflection wave extraction,diffraction scanning and stack migration carried out roadway front imaging,have interpreted head-on front 35 m anomaly,after drilling validation has proved that is a old workings gob area and obtained better application effect.
The roadway front geological anomaly has angular dependence with roadway seismic prospecting line,according to seismic advance prospecting theory,the reflection wave time-distance curve is a straight line and presents negative apparent velocity features.Accordingly has established a gob area seismic advance prospecting model to study seismic wave field propagation features of geophone postposition observation system under worked-out area condition. Through total space seismic wave field analysis has shown that the farther the geophone away from the source,the quicker P-P wave and S-S wave from head-on front anomalous interfaces arriving.Therefore to use τ-p domain filtering or f-k domain filtering carried out seismic wave field separate interpretation. Taking the coal No. 2 old workings gob area advance prospecting of a coalmine in Linfen,Shanxi as an example,through reflection wave extraction,diffraction scanning and stack migration carried out roadway front imaging,have interpreted head-on front 35 m anomaly,after drilling validation has proved that is a old workings gob area and obtained better application effect.
引文
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[2]虎维岳,田干.我国煤矿水害类型及其防治对策[J].煤炭科学技术,2010,01:92-96.Hu Wei-yue,Tian Gan.Mine water disaster type and prevention and control counter measures in China[J]Coal Science and Technology,2010,01:92-96.
[3]董书宁,虎维岳.中国煤矿水害基本特征及其主要影响因素[J].煤田地质与勘探,2007,05:34-38.Dong Shu-ning,Hu Wei-yue.Basic characteristics and main controlling factors of coal mine water hazard in China[J].Coal Geology and Exploration,2007,05:34-38.
[4]程建远,孙洪兴,赵庆彪.老窑采空区的探测技术与实例研究[J].煤炭学报,2008,33(3):251-255.Cheng Jian-yuan,Sun Hong-xing,Zhao Qing-biao.The Detection Technology of Excavated Region in Coal Mine and Case Study[J].Journal of China Coal Society.2008,33(3):251-255.
[5]韩德品,李丹,程九龙.超前探测灾害性含导水地质构造的直流电法[J].煤炭学报,2010,35(4):635-639.Han De-pin,Li Dan,Cheng Jiu-long.DC method of advanced detecting disastrous water-conducting or water-bearing geological structures along same layer[J]..Journal of China Coal Society,2010,35(4):635-639.
[6]刘树才,岳建华,刘志新.煤矿水文物探技术与应用[M].江苏徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2005.Liu Shu-cai,Yue Jian-hua,Liu Zhi-xin.Coal mine hydro geophysical exploration technology and Application[M].Jiansu Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology Press,2005.
[7]于景邨,刘志新,刘树才等.深部采场突水构造矿井瞬变电磁法探查理论及应用[J].煤炭学报,2007,32(8):818-821.Yu Jing-cun,Liu Zhi-xin,Liu Shu-cai.Theoretical analysis ofm ine transient electromagneticmethod and its application in detecting water burst structures in deep coal stope[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2007,32(8):818-821.
[8]梁庆华,吴燕清,宋劲.探地雷达在煤巷掘进中超前探测试验研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2014,42(5):91-94.Liang Qing-hua,Wu Yan-qing,Song Jin.Experimental Study on Advanced Detection in Coal seam Driving Roadway by Ground Penetrating Radar[J].Coal Science and Technology,2014,42(5):91-94.
[9]刘盛东,刘静,岳建华.中国矿井物探技术发展现状和关键问题[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(1):19-25.Liu Sheng-dong,Liu Jing,Yue Jian-hua.Development status and key problems of Chinese mining geophysical technology[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(1):19-25.
[10]Tuo Lu,Shengdong Liu,Bo Wang Rongxin Wu,Xiongwu Hu.AReview of Geophysical Exploration Technology for Mine Water Disaster in China:Applications and Trends.Mine Water Environ[J].2017,36:331-340.
[11]王齐仁,杨天春.隧道地质灾害超前预报的地震反射法[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(2):643-649.Wang Qi-ren,Yang Tian-chun.The seismic reflection method predicting tunnel geological hazards[J].Progress in Geophysics,2006,21(2):643-649.
[12]沈鸿雁.反射波法隧道、井巷地震超前预报研究[D].西安:长安大学,2006.Shen Hong-yan.Study on reflected-wave tunnel seismic prediction[D].Xi’an:Chang’an University,2006.
[13]刘盛东,郭立全,张平松.巷道前方地质构造MSP法超前探测技术与应用研究[J].工程地球物理学报,2006,3(6):437-442.Liu Sheng-dong,Guo Li-quan,Zhang Ping-song.Experiment and application study of fore detecting by MSP method for geological structure in laneway[J].Chinese Journal of Engineering Geophysics,2006,3(6):437-442.
[14]朱光明,李桂花,程建远.煤矿巷道内地震勘探的数值模拟[J].煤炭学报,2008.33(11):1263-1267.Zhu Guang-ming,Li Gui-hua,Cheng Jian-yuna.Numercal simulation of seismic survey in coal mine roadway[J].Journal of China Coal Society.2008,33(11):1263-1267.
[15]Jannis T,and Stefan B.Three-dimensional seismic imaging of tunnels[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics&Mining Science,2012,49:12-20.
[16]路拓.矿井巷道面波-转换横波超前探测技术研究[D].江苏徐州:中国矿业大学,2016.Lu Tuo.Study on seismic prediction of geological structures using tunnel surface waves and converted share waves[D].Xu Zhou:China University of Mining and Technology,2016.