重庆市全新统冲积物发育土壤的系统分类研究
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摘要
为明确重庆市第四系全新统(Qh)冲积物发育土壤在中国土壤系统分类中的归属,本文以该成土母质发育的土壤为研究对象,挖掘9个典型土壤剖面,通过野外观测、分层取样及理化性质分析等,依据现行中国土壤系统分类检索,对其进行分类和命名,并与发生分类进行参比。结果表明:9个供试土壤剖面分别归属于雏形土和新成土2个土纲,5个亚类,其中5个为石灰淡色潮湿雏形土,1个为铁质简育常湿雏形土,1个为斑纹简育湿润雏形土,1个为潜育潮湿冲积新成土,1个为石灰潮湿冲积新成土;隶属于发生学分类潮土土类的6个供试剖面分别归为系统分类中淡色潮湿雏形土、简育常湿雏形土和简育湿润雏形土3个土类,而隶属于发生学分类新积土土类的3个供试剖面则分别归为系统分类中淡色潮湿雏形土和潮湿冲积新成土2个土类。结合成土环境分析可知,地形、气候和母质是影响重庆市第四系全新统冲积物发育土壤系统分类的重要因素。
In order to study the Chinese Soil Taxonomy(CST) of soils derived from the Quaternary Holocene alluvial sediments in Chongqing, 9 typical soil profiles were selected and surveyed, soil-forming conditions were investigated, soil morphological characteristics of the profiles were observed, soil horizons were determined and the horizon samples were collected, the physical and chemical properties of the samples were measured, the taxonomy of tested soils were determined according to Chinese Soil Taxonomy(CST), and the references to Genetic Soil Classification(GSC) were established at the subgroup level. The results showed that the 9 tested soil profiles were identified as 2 orders of Cambosols and Primosols, and 5 subgroups. Among of them, 5 soil profiles were classified as Calcaric Ochri-Aquic Cambosols, the other 4 ones identified as Ferric Hapli-Perudic Cambosols, Mottlic Hapli-Udic Cambosols, Gleyic Aqui-Alluvic Primosols and Calcaric Aqui-Alluvic Primosols respectively. The fluvo-aquic soil group in GSC was sorted into 3 groups of Ochri-Aquic Cambosols, Hapli-Perudic Cambosols and Hapli-Udic Cambosols in CST, and the alluvial soil group of GSC was sorted into 2 groups of Ochri-Aquic Cambosols and Aqui-Alluvic Primosols in CST. The analysis of soil-forming conditions showed that topography, climate and parent material were the important factors influencing the development and taxonomy for the soils derived from Holocene alluvial sediments in Chongqing.
In order to study the Chinese Soil Taxonomy(CST) of soils derived from the Quaternary Holocene alluvial sediments in Chongqing, 9 typical soil profiles were selected and surveyed, soil-forming conditions were investigated, soil morphological characteristics of the profiles were observed, soil horizons were determined and the horizon samples were collected, the physical and chemical properties of the samples were measured, the taxonomy of tested soils were determined according to Chinese Soil Taxonomy(CST), and the references to Genetic Soil Classification(GSC) were established at the subgroup level. The results showed that the 9 tested soil profiles were identified as 2 orders of Cambosols and Primosols, and 5 subgroups. Among of them, 5 soil profiles were classified as Calcaric Ochri-Aquic Cambosols, the other 4 ones identified as Ferric Hapli-Perudic Cambosols, Mottlic Hapli-Udic Cambosols, Gleyic Aqui-Alluvic Primosols and Calcaric Aqui-Alluvic Primosols respectively. The fluvo-aquic soil group in GSC was sorted into 3 groups of Ochri-Aquic Cambosols, Hapli-Perudic Cambosols and Hapli-Udic Cambosols in CST, and the alluvial soil group of GSC was sorted into 2 groups of Ochri-Aquic Cambosols and Aqui-Alluvic Primosols in CST. The analysis of soil-forming conditions showed that topography, climate and parent material were the important factors influencing the development and taxonomy for the soils derived from Holocene alluvial sediments in Chongqing.
引文
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[2]中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤系统分类课题组,中国土壤系统分类课题研究协作组.中国土壤系统分类检索(第3版)[M].合肥:中国科学技术大学出版社,2001
[3]张甘霖,王秋兵,张凤荣,等.中国土壤系统分类土族和土系划分标准[J].土壤学报,2013,50(4):826–834
[4]龚子同,陈志诚.中国土壤系统分类—理论·方法·实践[M].北京:科学出版社,1999
[5]龚子同,张甘霖,陈志诚,等.土壤发生与系统分类[M].北京:科学出版社,2007
[6]李德成,张甘霖.中国土壤系统分类土系描述的难点与对策[J].土壤学报,2016,53(6):1563–1567
[7]吴克宁,张凤荣.中国土壤系统分类中土族划分的典型研究[J].中国农业大学学报,1998(5):73–78
[8]章明奎,厉仁安.中国土壤系统分类在浙江省平原旱地土壤分类中的应用[J].土壤,1999(4):190–196
[9]龚子同,张甘霖,漆智平.海南岛土系概论[M].北京:科学出版社,2004
[10]陈健飞.福建山地土壤的系统分类及其分布规律[J].山地学报,2001,19(1):1–8
[11]欧阳宁相,张杨珠,盛浩,等.湘东地区花岗岩红壤在中国土壤系统分类中的归属[J].土壤,2017,49(4):828–837
[12]吴克宁,高晓晨,查理思,等.河南省典型含有人工制品土壤的系统分类研究[J].土壤学报,2017,54(5):1091–1101
[13]李超,张凤荣,王秀丽,等.土壤系统分类中土壤水热状况的确定方法及应用研究——以山西省为例[J].土壤,2017,49(1):177–183
[14]陈芳,张海涛,王天巍,等.江汉平原典型土壤的系统分类及空间分布研究[J].土壤学报,2014(4):761–771
[15]安红艳,龙怀玉,刘颖,等.承德市坝上高原典型土壤的系统分类研究[J].土壤学报,2013,50(3):448–458
[16]庄云,武小净,李德成,等.重庆典型烟区代表性烟田土壤系统分类研究[J].土壤,2013,45(6):1142–1146
[17]秦聪.江汉平原典型水耕人为土土系划分及其有机质垂直分布规律研究[D].华中农业大学,2013
[18]关欣,李巧云,张凤荣.新疆平原土壤发生分类与系统分类的参比[J].湖南农业大学学报(自科版),2011,37(3):312–317
[19]宫阿都,何毓蓉,黄成敏,等.成都平原土壤系统分类典型土系划分[J].西南农业学报,2002,15(1):70-73
[20]李少丛,万红友,王兴科,等.河南省潮土主要分布区代表性土壤系统分类研究[J].土壤通报,2015,46(2):265–271
[21]陈升琪,蔡书良,肖挺,等.重庆地理[M].重庆:西南师范大学出版社,2003
[22]张甘霖,李德成.野外土壤描述与采样手册[M].北京:科学出版社,2017
[23]中国科学院南京土壤研究所,中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所.中国标准土壤色卡[M].南京:南京出版社,1989
[24]张甘霖,龚子同.土壤调查实验室分析方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2012