渝东北中山区典型土壤的系统分类
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摘要
以渝东北中山区(海拔> 800 m)为研究区域,选取该区域8个典型土壤样点,通过剖面挖掘、野外观测和分层样品分析等方法,明确供试剖面的形态特征和理化性质,检索出上述典型土壤的诊断层与诊断特性,探讨其在中国土壤系统分类(CST)中的归属,并与发生分类进行参比。结果表明,在8个供试土壤剖面中,除旱地外,林地及牧草地土壤具有淡薄表层,在坡度较小和土壤侵蚀较弱的情况下土壤大都可以形成黏化层,碳酸盐岩风化物发育的土壤均符合碳酸盐岩岩性特征,海拔800 m以上土壤符合常湿润土壤水分状况。8个供试土壤剖面分别被划归3个土纲(淋溶土、雏形土、新成土),3个亚纲(常湿淋溶土、常湿雏形土、正常新成土),3个土类(钙质常湿淋溶土、钙质常湿雏形土、湿润正常新成土),5个亚类(腐殖钙质常湿淋溶土、普通钙质常湿淋溶土、腐殖钙质常湿雏形土、普通钙质常湿雏形土、石质湿润正常新成土),其中,被划归为淋溶土土纲的剖面数量最多(共4个剖面),说明该区域土壤淋溶作用明显。黄棕壤、棕壤、黄色石灰土和黑色石灰土亚类均参比到了CST的钙质常湿淋溶土土类,黄棕壤性土和山地灌丛草甸土亚类均参比到了CST的钙质常湿雏形土土类,棕壤性土亚类参比到了CST的湿润正常新成土土类。按照土族和土系的划分标准,8个供试土壤剖面建立了8个土族,划分出8个土系。
The middle-mountain area of northeastern Chongqing was selected as the study area,and 8 typical soil profiles were collected in the area. The morphological characters,physical and chemical properties of the profiles were obtained by observing soil profile in the field,sampling and analyzing soil sample in each horizon for all the test soil profiles. The attribution of the typical soils in higher taxa of Chinese Soil Taxonomy( CST) was discussed,and the references with Genetic Soil Classification of China( GSCC) were established. The results showed that forest and pasture soils had Ochric epipedon in the 8 soil profiles. When the slope was small and the soil erosion was weak,the Argic horizon could be formed in most of the test soils. The soils developed by carbonate weathering material accorded with the lithologic characters of carbonate rocks. The soils above 800 m were in accord with Perudic moisture re-gime. Eight typical soil profiles were sorted into three orders( Argosols,Cambosols,Primosols),three suborders( Perudic Argosols,Perudic Cambosols,Orthic Primosols),three groups( Calci-Perudic Argosols,Calci-Perudic Cambosols,Udi-Orthic Primosols),and five subgroups( Humic Calci-Perudic Argosols,Typic Calci-Perudic Argosols,Humic Calci-Perudic Cambosols,Typic Calci-Perudic Cambosols,Lithic Udi-Orthic Primosols). The number of Argosols profiles was the highest( four profiles),indicating that soil leaching was obvious in this area. The yellow brown earth,brown earth,terra gialla soil and black limestone soil subgroups in GSCC were all sorted into Calci-Perudic Argosols in CST. The yellow brown earthened soil and mountain shrubby-meadow soil subgroups in GSCC were sorted into Calci-Perudic Cambosols in CST,and the brown earthened soil subgroups in GSCC was sorted into UdiOrthic Primosols in CST. According to the criteria of soil family and soil series in CST,eight test soil profiles were sorted into 8 soil families and 8 soil series.
The middle-mountain area of northeastern Chongqing was selected as the study area,and 8 typical soil profiles were collected in the area. The morphological characters,physical and chemical properties of the profiles were obtained by observing soil profile in the field,sampling and analyzing soil sample in each horizon for all the test soil profiles. The attribution of the typical soils in higher taxa of Chinese Soil Taxonomy( CST) was discussed,and the references with Genetic Soil Classification of China( GSCC) were established. The results showed that forest and pasture soils had Ochric epipedon in the 8 soil profiles. When the slope was small and the soil erosion was weak,the Argic horizon could be formed in most of the test soils. The soils developed by carbonate weathering material accorded with the lithologic characters of carbonate rocks. The soils above 800 m were in accord with Perudic moisture re-gime. Eight typical soil profiles were sorted into three orders( Argosols,Cambosols,Primosols),three suborders( Perudic Argosols,Perudic Cambosols,Orthic Primosols),three groups( Calci-Perudic Argosols,Calci-Perudic Cambosols,Udi-Orthic Primosols),and five subgroups( Humic Calci-Perudic Argosols,Typic Calci-Perudic Argosols,Humic Calci-Perudic Cambosols,Typic Calci-Perudic Cambosols,Lithic Udi-Orthic Primosols). The number of Argosols profiles was the highest( four profiles),indicating that soil leaching was obvious in this area. The yellow brown earth,brown earth,terra gialla soil and black limestone soil subgroups in GSCC were all sorted into Calci-Perudic Argosols in CST. The yellow brown earthened soil and mountain shrubby-meadow soil subgroups in GSCC were sorted into Calci-Perudic Cambosols in CST,and the brown earthened soil subgroups in GSCC was sorted into UdiOrthic Primosols in CST. According to the criteria of soil family and soil series in CST,eight test soil profiles were sorted into 8 soil families and 8 soil series.
引文
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[15]顾也萍,刘必融,汪根法,等.皖南山地土壤系统分类研究[J].土壤学报,2003,40(1):10-21.GU Y P,LIU B R,WANG G F,et al. Taxonomic classification of soils in the mountain regions in South Anhui[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica,2003,40(1):10-21.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[16]盛浩,周清,黄运湘,等.中国亚热带山地土壤发生特性和系统分类研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2015,31(5):143-149.SHENG H,ZHOU Q,HUANG Y X,et al. The Research progress of edaphogenetic characteristics and taxonomic classification of orogenic soil in subtropics of China[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2015,31(5):143-149.(in Chinese with English abstract)
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[18]张甘霖,龚子同.土壤调查实验室分析方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2012.
[19]中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤系统分类课题组,中国土壤系统分类课题研究协作组.中国土壤系统分类检索[M]. 3版.合肥:中国科学技术大学出版社,2001.
[20]张甘霖,王秋兵,张凤荣,等.中国土壤系统分类土族和土系划分标准[J].土壤学报,2013,50(4):826-834.ZHANG G L,WANG Q B,ZHANG F R,et al. Criteria for establishment of soil family and soil series in Chinese Soil Taxonomy[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica,2013,50(4):826-834.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[2]荆长伟,章明奎,支俊俊,等.浙江省土壤发生分类与系统分类参比及制图研究[J].土壤学报,2013,50(2):260-267.JING C W,ZHANG M K,ZHI J J,et al. Referencing between soils under GSCC and CST and CST soil mapping in Zhejiang province[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica,2013,50(2):260-267.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[3]慈恩,高明,于群英.安徽省沿淮地区几种主要土壤诊断特性和系统分类研究[J].土壤通报,2005,36(1):19-22.CI E,GAO M,YU Q Y. Diagnostic characteristics and taxonomic classification of some main soils along Huaihe River Region in Anhui Province[J]. Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2005,36(1):19-22.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[4]陈健飞.福建山地土壤的系统分类及其分布规律[J].山地学报,2001,19(1):1-8.CHEN J F. Classification and distribution of mountainous soils in Fujian Province based on Chinese Soil Taxonomy[J]. Journal of Mountain Science,2001,19(1):1-8.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[5]安红艳,龙怀玉,刘颖,等.承德市坝上高原典型土壤的系统分类研究[J].土壤学报,2013,50(3):448-458.AN H Y,LONG H Y,LIU Y,et al. Taxonomic classification of the typical soils on Bashang Plateau of Chengde[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica,2013,50(3):448-458.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[6]鞠兵,吴克宁,李玲,等.河南省典型淋溶土土系划分研究[J].土壤学报,2015,52(1):38-47.JU B,WU K N,LI L,et al. Classification of typical Argosols of Henan Province at soil series level of Chinese Soil Taxonomy[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica,2015,52(1):38-47.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[7]李少丛,万红友,王兴科,等.河南省潮土主要分布区代表性土壤系统分类研究[J].土壤通报,2015,46(2):265-271.LI S C,WAN H Y,WANG X K,et al. Taxonomy of typical fluvo-aquic soil in Henan Province[J]. Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2015,46(2):265-271.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[8]张杨珠,周清,黄运湘,等.基于中国土壤系统分类体系的湖南省土壤系统分类研究Ⅰ:湖南土壤系统分类的原则和指标及高级单元初拟[J].湖南农业科学,2015(3):48-56.ZHANG Y Z,ZHOU Q,HUANG Y X,et al. Hunan soil taxonomic classification based on Chinese Soil TaxonomyⅠ:principle,index and advanced unit establishing of Hunan Soil Taxonomic Classification[J]. Hunan Agricultural Sciences,2015(3):48-56.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[9]袁大刚,符伟,王家宽,等.川西名山县阶地漂洗土壤分类及参比研究[J].土壤学报,2012,49(2):230-236.YUAN D G,FU W,WANG J K,et al. Classification and reference of the bleached soil on terraces of Mingshan,west Sichuan[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica,2012,49(2):230-236.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[10]夏建国,邓良基,张丽萍,等.四川土壤系统分类初步研究[J].四川农业大学学报,2002,20(2):117-122.XIA J G,DENG L J,ZHANG L P,et al. Study on soil taxonomy in Sichuan[J]. Journal of Sichuan Agricultural University,2002,20(2):117-122.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[11]齐善忠,肖洪浪,罗芳.甘肃河西山地土壤系统分类[J].山地学报,2003,21(6):763-774.QI S Z,XIAO H L,LUO F. Soil taxonomy in mountainous areas in the Hexi Region of Gansu Province[J]. Journal of Mountain Science,2003,21(6):763-774.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[12]谈晔,李新平,李文斌,等.陕西省烟叶主产区土壤系统分类研究[J].水土保持通报,2014,34(1):316-320.TAN Y,LI X P,LI W B,et al. Soil taxonomy in main tobacco-planting areas of Shaanxi Province[J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2014,34(1):316-320.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[13]庄云,武小净,李德成,等.重庆典型烟区代表性烟田土壤系统分类研究[J].土壤,2013,45(6):1142-1146.ZHUANG Y,WU X J,LI D C,et al. Soil taxonomy of typical tobacco fields in Chongqing[J]. Soils,2013,45(6):1142-1146.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[14]龚子同,陈志诚,骆国保,等.中国土壤系统分类参比[J].土壤,1999,31(2):57-63.GONG Z T,CHEN Z C,LUO G B,et al. The reference of Chinese Soil Taxonomy[J]. Soils,1999,31(2):57-63.(in Chinese)
[15]顾也萍,刘必融,汪根法,等.皖南山地土壤系统分类研究[J].土壤学报,2003,40(1):10-21.GU Y P,LIU B R,WANG G F,et al. Taxonomic classification of soils in the mountain regions in South Anhui[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica,2003,40(1):10-21.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[16]盛浩,周清,黄运湘,等.中国亚热带山地土壤发生特性和系统分类研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2015,31(5):143-149.SHENG H,ZHOU Q,HUANG Y X,et al. The Research progress of edaphogenetic characteristics and taxonomic classification of orogenic soil in subtropics of China[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2015,31(5):143-149.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[17]张甘霖,李德成.野外土壤描述与采样手册[M].北京:科学出版社,2017.
[18]张甘霖,龚子同.土壤调查实验室分析方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2012.
[19]中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤系统分类课题组,中国土壤系统分类课题研究协作组.中国土壤系统分类检索[M]. 3版.合肥:中国科学技术大学出版社,2001.
[20]张甘霖,王秋兵,张凤荣,等.中国土壤系统分类土族和土系划分标准[J].土壤学报,2013,50(4):826-834.ZHANG G L,WANG Q B,ZHANG F R,et al. Criteria for establishment of soil family and soil series in Chinese Soil Taxonomy[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica,2013,50(4):826-834.(in Chinese with English abstract)